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Comparison of accuracies of ultrasound of breasts and mammography
Abstracts Objective: The intramuscular fat content (IMF) in meat is an important marker of quality regarding it as a part of our diet. That for us was the reason to start developing a method based on spectral analysis of ultrasound echoes to estimate the IMF noninvasively. The aim of this work was to find correlations between ultrasound parameters and the IMF. To gain valid results in measuring the IMF, it was crucial to correct the RF echos in relation to system dependent transfer properties (soundfield of the transducer), the user settings (TGC-Time Gain Compensation), and the influences of the overlying fat tissue. Methods: The TGC settings were taken from the B-mode device as a time signal. A correcting function was obtained by calibration in reference probes. To compensate the influence of the phase aberration due to the bilayered media, i.e., overlying fat versus muscle tissue, further correcting functions were developed by simulating the transducers soundfield. We developed an extension for the inclusion of a second medium with alternative sound spreading properties into J.A. Jensens Field II. 34 pigs of 4 different genotypes were bred up to allow varying IMF and tested in 2 groups. At 12 set points in 3 regions of the longissimus dorsi (LD), ultrasound scans were performed. From the RF signals parameters like attenuation, backscatter, power amplitude, and specific cepstral parameters were extracted. The results of chemical analysis were used as a reference to correlate the parameters to the IMF and later as a standard to compare the ultrasound findings to. Results: In 80% of the cases, the alignment in the correct of 2 IMF classes was obtained. The coefficients of determination of the extracted parameters, obtained by multiple regression analysis are approximately 0.9. Conclusions: Quantitative tissue characterization using ultrasound spectroscopy for estimating intramuscular fat content in meat both in vivo and in vitro are described. Using ultrasound parameters calculated from unprocessed ultrasound RF data, it is possible to predict the IMF with a deviation of 0.3%. 32753 Reducing maternal cell contamination during midtrimester genetic amniocentesis; the effect of discarding the initial amniotic fluid collection Borowski KS,1 Ramin KD,*1 Ramsey PS,2 1. Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, and 2. Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether discarding the initial collection of amniotic fluid during midtrimester genetic amniocentesis reduces maternal cell contamination. Methods: Women presenting at our institution for genetic amniocentesis with male singleton fetuses between 15 and 23 weeks’ gestation were prospectively enrolled in this investigation. Patients underwent amniocentesis per a standardized protocol. The initial 2 mL of amniotic fluid was collected in a separate syringe. A second syringe was then used to collect the remaining fluid for karyotype analysis. Both fluid collections were independently analyzed using fluorescent in situ hybridization. Specimens with gross blood contamination were excluded from the study. Two hundred cells from each specimen were analyzed for the presence of a Y chromosome and the percentage of maternal cell contamination. Statistical analyses were performed using the paired Students t-test. Results: Thirty women were enrolled in this investigation. Maternal cell contamination ranged from 0.5 to 34.0% in the collected specimens. Maternal cell contamination (ⱖ0.5%) was significantly more common in the initial 2 mL collection (80.0%) compared to the remaining fluid (31.0%)(p⫽0.0002). Mean (⫾SD) maternal cell contamination was significantly greater in the initial 2 mL of fluid (6.9 ⫾ 9.8%) compared to the remaining fluid (0.3 ⫾ 0.5%) (p⫽0.0006). The
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overall relative risk of maternal contamination in the first 2 mL was 2.6 (95% CI 1.5 to 4.6). Conclusions: Significant maternal cell contamination is present in the initial 2 mL of amniotic fluid obtained during atraumatic midtrimester genetic amniocentesis. This finding justifies the practice of discarding the initial collection of amniotic fluid. Reduced maternal cell contamination may improve the accuracy and interpretation of cytogenetic studies. 32757 Comparison of accuracies of ultrasound of breasts and mammography Bhothisuwan W, Department of Radiology, Siriraj Medical School, Bangkok, Thailand Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracies of ultrasound (US) with mammography (mammo) and a combination of both studies in breast lesions. Methods: We evaluated 279 breast lesions separately by mammo using BIRADS criteria. US using echogenic patterns, shapes, D:W ratio, vascularity, and architectural pattern was compared with pathological results (patho). Results: Of 7 negative US, 6 were patho benign, while mammo diagnosed 4 benign and 2 malignant. One case was patho malignant, and mammo diagnosed it to be malignant. Of 136 benign by US, 127 were patho benign, while mammo diagnosed 13 negative, 79 benign, 18 indetermined, and 17 malignant. Of 9 cases of patho malignant, mammo diagnosed 3 negative, 4 benign, 2 indetermined, and no malignant. Of 136 malignant by US, 26 were patho benign, while mammo diagnosed 2 negative, 8 benign, 5 indetermined, and 11 malignant. Of 110 patho malignant, mammo diagnosed 7 negative, 7 benign, 6 indetermined, and 90 malignant. Of 25 negative by mammo, 15 were patho benign, while US diagnosed 13 benign and 2 malignant. Of 10 cases of patho malignant, US diagnosed 3 benign and 7 malignant. Of 102 benign by mammo, 91 were patho benign, while US diagnosed 4 negative, 79 benign, and 8 malignant. Of 11 patho malignant, US diagnosed 4 benign and 7 malignant. Of 31 indetermined mammo, 23 were patho benign, while US diagnosed 18 benign and 5 malignant. Of 8 patho malignant, US diagnosed 2 benign and 8 malignant. Of 121 malignant by mammo, 30 were patho benign, while US diagnosed 2 negative, 17 benign, and 11 malignant. Of 91 patho malignant, US diagnosed 1 negative and 90 malignant. Combining mammo and US evaluation, there were 99 BIRADS 2, proven to be 94 benign and 5 malignant. Of 35 BIRADS 3, 31 were benign and 4 malignant. Of 35 BIRADS 4, 23 were benign and 20 malignant. Of 95 BIRADS 5, 4 were benign and 91 malignant. Conclusions: Mammo and US have limitations or inaccuracies in certain conditions, and either one cannot be the sole study for evaluation of breast lesions. Combination of findings from both studies gives much more accurate results. 32759 Elasticity imaging phantoms Hall TJ, Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS Objective: We are developing and testing elasticity imaging systems with the expectation of providing new diagnostic information. Phantoms (test objects with known physical characteristics) are necessary for performance evaluation and for teaching tools. This work investigates whether typical water-based gel materials are suitable for elasticity phantom materials. Methods for manufacturing and storing these materials will be discussed.
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overall relative risk of maternal contamination in the first 2 mL was 2.6 (95% CI 1.5 to 4.6). Conclusions: Significant maternal cell contamination is present in the initial 2 mL of amniotic fluid obtained during atraumatic midtrimester genetic amniocentesis. This finding justifies the practice of discarding the initial collection of amniotic fluid. Reduced maternal cell contamination may improve the accuracy and interpretation of cytogenetic studies. 32757 Comparison of accuracies of ultrasound of breasts and mammography Bhothisuwan W, Department of Radiology, Siriraj Medical School, Bangkok, Thailand Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracies of ultrasound (US) with mammography (mammo) and a combination of both studies in breast lesions. Methods: We evaluated 279 breast lesions separately by mammo using BIRADS criteria. US using echogenic patterns, shapes, D:W ratio, vascularity, and architectural pattern was compared with pathological results (patho). Results: Of 7 negative US, 6 were patho benign, while mammo diagnosed 4 benign and 2 malignant. One case was patho malignant, and mammo diagnosed it to be malignant. Of 136 benign by US, 127 were patho benign, while mammo diagnosed 13 negative, 79 benign, 18 indetermined, and 17 malignant. Of 9 cases of patho malignant, mammo diagnosed 3 negative, 4 benign, 2 indetermined, and no malignant. Of 136 malignant by US, 26 were patho benign, while mammo diagnosed 2 negative, 8 benign, 5 indetermined, and 11 malignant. Of 110 patho malignant, mammo diagnosed 7 negative, 7 benign, 6 indetermined, and 90 malignant. Of 25 negative by mammo, 15 were patho benign, while US diagnosed 13 benign and 2 malignant. Of 10 cases of patho malignant, US diagnosed 3 benign and 7 malignant. Of 102 benign by mammo, 91 were patho benign, while US diagnosed 4 negative, 79 benign, and 8 malignant. Of 11 patho malignant, US diagnosed 4 benign and 7 malignant. Of 31 indetermined mammo, 23 were patho benign, while US diagnosed 18 benign and 5 malignant. Of 8 patho malignant, US diagnosed 2 benign and 8 malignant. Of 121 malignant by mammo, 30 were patho benign, while US diagnosed 2 negative, 17 benign, and 11 malignant. Of 91 patho malignant, US diagnosed 1 negative and 90 malignant. Combining mammo and US evaluation, there were 99 BIRADS 2, proven to be 94 benign and 5 malignant. Of 35 BIRADS 3, 31 were benign and 4 malignant. Of 35 BIRADS 4, 23 were benign and 20 malignant. Of 95 BIRADS 5, 4 were benign and 91 malignant. Conclusions: Mammo and US have limitations or inaccuracies in certain conditions, and either one cannot be the sole study for evaluation of breast lesions. Combination of findings from both studies gives much more accurate results. 32759 Elasticity imaging phantoms Hall TJ, Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS Objective: We are developing and testing elasticity imaging systems with the expectation of providing new diagnostic information. Phantoms (test objects with known physical characteristics) are necessary for performance evaluation and for teaching tools. This work investigates whether typical water-based gel materials are suitable for elasticity phantom materials. Methods for manufacturing and storing these materials will be discussed.