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Comparison of Mean Body Mass Index and Frequency of Disordered Eating Behaviors among Minority and Caucasian Sorority Women
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 26
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS: DIET, GENETICS, AND EPIGENETICS Title: PISTACHIO-RICH DIETS AFFECT GENE EXPRESSION OF LIPID AND INFLAMMATORY RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Title: COMPARISON OF MEAN BODY MASS INDEX AND FREQUENCY OF DISORDERED EATING BEHAVIORS AMONG MINORITY AND CAUCASIAN SORORITY WOMEN
Author(s): S. K. Gebauer,1 J. Zhang,2 J. Vanden Heuvel,2 P. M. Kris-Etherton3; 1Integrative Biosciences, Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 2Nutritional Sciences, Center of Excellence in Nutrigenomics, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 3Nutritional Sciences, Integrative Biosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Author(s): L. Kittle,1 K. Wetherall,2 L. Jahns2; 1The University of Tennessee Medical Center; Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 2Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
Learning Outcome: Evaluate the relationship between diet-induced change in gene expression of lipid and inflammatory risk factors and change in serum/plasma risk factors. Text: Pistachio-rich diets beneficially affect plasma cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors; however, their effects on expression in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells are unknown. A randomized crossover controlled-feeding study evaluated the effects of pistachio-rich diets on CVD risk factors in hypercholesterolemic individuals (LDL-C ⬎ 110 mg/dl). Subjects were fed 3 isoenergetic diets for 4 wk each after a 2-wk average American diet [35% total fat (TF)]. Diets included a Step-I diet without pistachios (25% TF), with 1.5 oz/d (1.5 PD; 10% energy as pistachios, 30% TF) and 3 oz/d (3 PD; 20% energy as pistachios, 34% TF). Compared to baseline, the PDs significantly reduced (P ⬍ 0.05) mRNA expression of inflammationrelated genes, IL-1 (-15%) and interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (Ifit, ⫺35%). Furthermore, change in expression of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) predicted change in plasma lipids/lipoproteins in individuals responsive to the 3.0 PD (classified as ⱖ ⫾5% in serum CETP following 3 PD). In conclusion, pistachios reduce expression of inflammation-related genes, and induce change in CETP expression which can predict change in plasma lipid risk factors in diet responders (based on serum CETP). Funded by California Pistachio Commission and partially by PSU GCRC (NIH grant M01RR10732) and the Lester and Audrey Peters (’46) Hogan Scholarship Fund. Funding Disclosure: California Pistachio Commission
Title: MEASURING STRESS RELATED TO PARENTING A CHILD WITH MEDIUM CHAIN ACYL-COA DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY Author(s): R. Torkelson, RD,1 C. M. Trahms, MS, RD, FADA2; 1 Nutritional Sciences, Graduate Student, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 2Biochemical Genetics Clinic, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Learning Outcome: To recognize that clear guidelines for management and treatment as well as personal and professional support may contribute to reducing stress related to parenting a child with medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
Learning Outcome: To describe the difference in mean BMI and frequency of disordered eating behaviors among women who voluntarily choose to join sororities that are primarily racial Minority or primarily Caucasian. Text: Eating disorders are diagnosable psychiatric disorders. The term “disordered eating behavior” (DEB) refers to risky behaviors such as binging, purging, or excessive restriction of dietary intake. Literature suggests that certain populations, particularly Caucasian women between the ages of 15-24 years, may be more at risk for DEB than others. There are several long-standing assumptions based upon minimal empirical evidence, that sorority women are at increased risk, and women of racial Minorities (particularly African-American) are at decreased risk for DEB. Methods: The participants for this study were sorority members at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Each woman completed a web-based survey that included the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) along with self-reported height and weight. Student’s t-test was used to compare mean BMI and global EDE-Q scores of Minority (n⫽44) and Caucasian (n⫽252) sorority women. Results: The BMI range varied by sorority group (Minority: 19.61-43.00; Caucasian: 17.41-33.71). The mean BMI of Minority sorority members (26.99⫾5.96) was significantly higher than that of Caucasian sorority members (22.40⫾2.72, p⬍0.00). Mean EDE-Q global frequency scores (range: 0-6), which is the average of the four EDE-Q subscales, was calculated for each of the sorority groups (Minority and Caucasian). The mean frequency score among Minority sorority members (range: 1.72⫾1.40) was not significantly different (p⬍0.27) than that of Caucasian sorority members (range: 1.95⫾1.28). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of DEB in racially different sorority women, despite that fact that Minority sorority women had a significantly higher mean BMI. Funding Disclosure: None
Title: THE EFFECT OF TART CHERRY-ENRICHED DIETS ON ABDOMINAL FAT GENE EXPRESSION IN RATS Author(s): E. M. Seymour,1 S. K. Lewis,2 D. E. Urcuyo-Llanes,1 S. F. Bolling1; 1Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 2Cardiac Surgery, Department of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Learning Outcome: A participant will understand that cherry enriched diets can limit the size of abdominal fat, and can alter genes in the fat which promote fat burning.
Text: Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency, the most common defect in -oxidation of fatty acids, occurs in approximately 1 in 15,000 live births. With the disorder, intolerance to fasting, impaired ketogenesis, and hypoglycemic coma may lead to metabolic crisis and/or irreversible neurological impairment. Although most states now test newborns for MCAD, few publications address treatment of children with MCAD deficiency or the stress parents may experience in caring for their child. Parents of all children with MCAD deficiency identified by newborn screening (NBS) in Washington State were surveyed via a questionnaire specific to MCAD to determine treatment and management practices and were given the Parenting Stress Index - Short Form questionnaire. Seventy-eight percent (n⫽11) of eligible parents responded. The mean parenting stress score among respondents (60) was significantly lower (P ⬍0.05) than normative levels for the U.S. population (71). These parents followed the clinic guidelines for management of MCAD: heart healthy diet, bedtime bottle or snack, L-carnitine supplementation, and appropriate strategies for illness management. All of these infants and children are healthy and well. Open-ended survey questions and a follow-up focus group indicated that clear guidelines for management and treatment, as well as personal and professional support, may contribute to the relatively low parenting stress levels recorded in this population.
Text: Relevance: Metabolic syndrome is a significant and growing public health concern. Fruit intake may modify phenotypes of metabolic syndrome. Priority: Previous studies show that diet provision of anthocyanin-rich extracts reduces phenotypes of metabolic syndrome. However, the relevance of this to whole food intake is unknown. Results: Our group tested the dietary relevance of these findings using a whole-foods approach with anthocyanin-rich tart cherries. We compared the effects of tart cherry-enriched diets in lean and fatty Zucker rats, isocalorically pair-fed a low-fat/high carbohydrate diet (LFHC, 10% kcal from fat, 75% from carbohydrate) versus a high-fat/ moderate carbohydrate diet (HFLC) 45% kcal from fat, 40% from carbohydrate). Diets were supplemented with either 1% freeze-dried tart cherry powder or 0.85% extra carbohydrate (1:1 glucose: fructose). Measures include fasting glucose, total triglycerides, total cholesterol, insulin, plasma IL-6 and TNF-alpha, organ weights, and fat pad mass. Results showed that the cherry provision reduced cholesterol in both diets. The LFHC diet significantly increased plasma triglycerides, an effect that was significantly attenuated in cherry-fed rats. Cherry provision reduced body weight and reduced abdominal fat in LFHC-fed rats. Cherry-fed rats also displayed reduced IL-6 and TNF-alpha in the HFLC-fed rats. Genes modified in the abdominal fat indicate increased activity of fat oxidizing enzymes. Synthesis: The findings suggest that physiologically tart cherry-enriched diets reduce plasma triglycerides, central adiposity, and systemic inflammation, known risk factors for Type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Funding Disclosure: None
Funding Disclosure: Private
A-14 / September 2008 Suppl 3—Abstracts Volume 108 Number 9
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS: DIET, GENETICS, AND EPIGENETICS Title: PISTACHIO-RICH DIETS AFFECT GENE EXPRESSION OF LIPID AND INFLAMMATORY RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Title: COMPARISON OF MEAN BODY MASS INDEX AND FREQUENCY OF DISORDERED EATING BEHAVIORS AMONG MINORITY AND CAUCASIAN SORORITY WOMEN
Author(s): S. K. Gebauer,1 J. Zhang,2 J. Vanden Heuvel,2 P. M. Kris-Etherton3; 1Integrative Biosciences, Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 2Nutritional Sciences, Center of Excellence in Nutrigenomics, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 3Nutritional Sciences, Integrative Biosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Author(s): L. Kittle,1 K. Wetherall,2 L. Jahns2; 1The University of Tennessee Medical Center; Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 2Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
Learning Outcome: Evaluate the relationship between diet-induced change in gene expression of lipid and inflammatory risk factors and change in serum/plasma risk factors. Text: Pistachio-rich diets beneficially affect plasma cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors; however, their effects on expression in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells are unknown. A randomized crossover controlled-feeding study evaluated the effects of pistachio-rich diets on CVD risk factors in hypercholesterolemic individuals (LDL-C ⬎ 110 mg/dl). Subjects were fed 3 isoenergetic diets for 4 wk each after a 2-wk average American diet [35% total fat (TF)]. Diets included a Step-I diet without pistachios (25% TF), with 1.5 oz/d (1.5 PD; 10% energy as pistachios, 30% TF) and 3 oz/d (3 PD; 20% energy as pistachios, 34% TF). Compared to baseline, the PDs significantly reduced (P ⬍ 0.05) mRNA expression of inflammationrelated genes, IL-1 (-15%) and interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (Ifit, ⫺35%). Furthermore, change in expression of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) predicted change in plasma lipids/lipoproteins in individuals responsive to the 3.0 PD (classified as ⱖ ⫾5% in serum CETP following 3 PD). In conclusion, pistachios reduce expression of inflammation-related genes, and induce change in CETP expression which can predict change in plasma lipid risk factors in diet responders (based on serum CETP). Funded by California Pistachio Commission and partially by PSU GCRC (NIH grant M01RR10732) and the Lester and Audrey Peters (’46) Hogan Scholarship Fund. Funding Disclosure: California Pistachio Commission
Title: MEASURING STRESS RELATED TO PARENTING A CHILD WITH MEDIUM CHAIN ACYL-COA DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY Author(s): R. Torkelson, RD,1 C. M. Trahms, MS, RD, FADA2; 1 Nutritional Sciences, Graduate Student, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 2Biochemical Genetics Clinic, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Learning Outcome: To recognize that clear guidelines for management and treatment as well as personal and professional support may contribute to reducing stress related to parenting a child with medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
Learning Outcome: To describe the difference in mean BMI and frequency of disordered eating behaviors among women who voluntarily choose to join sororities that are primarily racial Minority or primarily Caucasian. Text: Eating disorders are diagnosable psychiatric disorders. The term “disordered eating behavior” (DEB) refers to risky behaviors such as binging, purging, or excessive restriction of dietary intake. Literature suggests that certain populations, particularly Caucasian women between the ages of 15-24 years, may be more at risk for DEB than others. There are several long-standing assumptions based upon minimal empirical evidence, that sorority women are at increased risk, and women of racial Minorities (particularly African-American) are at decreased risk for DEB. Methods: The participants for this study were sorority members at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Each woman completed a web-based survey that included the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) along with self-reported height and weight. Student’s t-test was used to compare mean BMI and global EDE-Q scores of Minority (n⫽44) and Caucasian (n⫽252) sorority women. Results: The BMI range varied by sorority group (Minority: 19.61-43.00; Caucasian: 17.41-33.71). The mean BMI of Minority sorority members (26.99⫾5.96) was significantly higher than that of Caucasian sorority members (22.40⫾2.72, p⬍0.00). Mean EDE-Q global frequency scores (range: 0-6), which is the average of the four EDE-Q subscales, was calculated for each of the sorority groups (Minority and Caucasian). The mean frequency score among Minority sorority members (range: 1.72⫾1.40) was not significantly different (p⬍0.27) than that of Caucasian sorority members (range: 1.95⫾1.28). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of DEB in racially different sorority women, despite that fact that Minority sorority women had a significantly higher mean BMI. Funding Disclosure: None
Title: THE EFFECT OF TART CHERRY-ENRICHED DIETS ON ABDOMINAL FAT GENE EXPRESSION IN RATS Author(s): E. M. Seymour,1 S. K. Lewis,2 D. E. Urcuyo-Llanes,1 S. F. Bolling1; 1Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 2Cardiac Surgery, Department of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Learning Outcome: A participant will understand that cherry enriched diets can limit the size of abdominal fat, and can alter genes in the fat which promote fat burning.
Text: Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency, the most common defect in -oxidation of fatty acids, occurs in approximately 1 in 15,000 live births. With the disorder, intolerance to fasting, impaired ketogenesis, and hypoglycemic coma may lead to metabolic crisis and/or irreversible neurological impairment. Although most states now test newborns for MCAD, few publications address treatment of children with MCAD deficiency or the stress parents may experience in caring for their child. Parents of all children with MCAD deficiency identified by newborn screening (NBS) in Washington State were surveyed via a questionnaire specific to MCAD to determine treatment and management practices and were given the Parenting Stress Index - Short Form questionnaire. Seventy-eight percent (n⫽11) of eligible parents responded. The mean parenting stress score among respondents (60) was significantly lower (P ⬍0.05) than normative levels for the U.S. population (71). These parents followed the clinic guidelines for management of MCAD: heart healthy diet, bedtime bottle or snack, L-carnitine supplementation, and appropriate strategies for illness management. All of these infants and children are healthy and well. Open-ended survey questions and a follow-up focus group indicated that clear guidelines for management and treatment, as well as personal and professional support, may contribute to the relatively low parenting stress levels recorded in this population.
Text: Relevance: Metabolic syndrome is a significant and growing public health concern. Fruit intake may modify phenotypes of metabolic syndrome. Priority: Previous studies show that diet provision of anthocyanin-rich extracts reduces phenotypes of metabolic syndrome. However, the relevance of this to whole food intake is unknown. Results: Our group tested the dietary relevance of these findings using a whole-foods approach with anthocyanin-rich tart cherries. We compared the effects of tart cherry-enriched diets in lean and fatty Zucker rats, isocalorically pair-fed a low-fat/high carbohydrate diet (LFHC, 10% kcal from fat, 75% from carbohydrate) versus a high-fat/ moderate carbohydrate diet (HFLC) 45% kcal from fat, 40% from carbohydrate). Diets were supplemented with either 1% freeze-dried tart cherry powder or 0.85% extra carbohydrate (1:1 glucose: fructose). Measures include fasting glucose, total triglycerides, total cholesterol, insulin, plasma IL-6 and TNF-alpha, organ weights, and fat pad mass. Results showed that the cherry provision reduced cholesterol in both diets. The LFHC diet significantly increased plasma triglycerides, an effect that was significantly attenuated in cherry-fed rats. Cherry provision reduced body weight and reduced abdominal fat in LFHC-fed rats. Cherry-fed rats also displayed reduced IL-6 and TNF-alpha in the HFLC-fed rats. Genes modified in the abdominal fat indicate increased activity of fat oxidizing enzymes. Synthesis: The findings suggest that physiologically tart cherry-enriched diets reduce plasma triglycerides, central adiposity, and systemic inflammation, known risk factors for Type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Funding Disclosure: None
Funding Disclosure: Private
A-14 / September 2008 Suppl 3—Abstracts Volume 108 Number 9