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Comparison of methods to detect fecal streptococci in marine waters
240
E. Biological Oceanography
at temperatures above 60°C, with only heterotrophs above 73°C, and Archaebacteria above 90 °, while the upper limit for life is suspected to be between 110°C and 200°C. The macromolecules of thermophiles possess an inherent heat stability, based on subtle sequence characteristics, and their enzymes can have activity optima above the optimal growth temperatures, making these enzymes and organisms valuable for industrial processes. Dept. of Bacteriology, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. (gsb) 86:1651 Jones, J.G., 1985. Mibrobes and microbial processes in sediments. Phil. Trans. R. Soc., (A)315(1531): 3-17. Microbial processes within buried sediments are dominated by the action of anaerobic bacteria. Where electron acceptors are absent, various methods of energy conservation, such as polyphosphate bonds, reduction of Fe(III) and Mn(IV), and the reduction of CO2 to acetate, become important. The role of bacteria as biomarkers is discussed, and their key features are identified. Freshwater Biol. Assoc., The Ferry House, Ambleside, Cumbria LA22 0LP, UK. (hbf) 86:1652 Kang, Hun and Humitake Seki, 1985. Biomass production of gram-negative bacterioplankton. Mer, Tokyo, 23(2):64-70. (In Japanese, English abstract.)
OLR (1986) 33 (3)
86:1654 Lindahl, Gunvor and Kerstin WallstrOm, 1985. Nitrogen fixation (.aqetyleae reduction) in plank-
tic cymmbaetedain Oregnmdsgrepee, s w ~ t h . nian Sea. Arch. Hydrobiol., 104(2):193-204. Species composition, biomass, acetylene reduction, and number, frequency, and activity of heterocysts were assessed for the nitrogen-fixing community in a coastal area of the SW Bothnian Sea over a two-year period. Results included nitrogen fixation at the rate of 0.06 g m -2 y-' (1% of the summer primary production requirement), reflecting lower nitrogen fixation than in the northern Baltic proper. Inst. of Ecol. Bot., Box 559, S-751 22 Uppsala, Sweden. (gsb) 86:1655 Lucena, F., A. Bosch, J. Jofre and L. Schwartzbrod, 1985. Identification of viruses isolated from sewage, rlverwater and coastal seawater in Barcelona, [Spain]. War. Res., 19(10):1237-1239. Dept. de Microbiol., Fac. de Biol., Univ. de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. 86:1656 Marshall, H.G., 1985. The seasonal composition and disttilmtion lmtterm of Cyanophyccae in the northeastern coastal waters of the United States. Arch. Hydrobiol., (Suppl.)71(l-2)(Algol. Stud. 38/39):305-306. Old Dominion Univ., Dept. of Biol. Sci., Norfolk, VA, USA. 86:1657 Stal, L.J. and W.E. Krumbein, 1985. Isolation and characterization of cyanebact~at from a marine microbial mat. Botanica mar., 28(8):351-365.
Gram-negative bacteria have been shown to assimilate dissolved organic matter, especially in the oligotrophic ocean, more efficiently than grampositive bacteria by means of binding proteins that are involved in the nutrient transport system. Hence the predominance of gram-negative forms decreased with eutrophication. There are significant differences between bacterioplankton and attached bacteria in various aquatic ecosystems in relation to the concentration of dissolved organic matter depending on its nutritional and chemical constituents. Inst. of Biol. Sci., Univ. of Tsukuba, Sakura-mura, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
Cyanobacteria from an intertidal zone microbial mat (Mellum Island, North Sea) were isolated and morphologically characterized and studied in terms of salt tolerance, optimum salinity, nitrogen-fixing capacity and pigment composition. Twenty-two strains were distinguished (from 60 isolates); 2 unicellular, 7 heterocystous and 13 non-heterocystous filamentous. Most were true marine forms with one freshwater and 6 halotolerant. Geomicrobiol. Div., Univ. Oldenburg, Ammerlander Heerstr. 67-99, 2900 Oldenburg, FRG. (arm)
86:1653 Lewis, T.E., C.D. Garland and T.A. McMeekin, 1985. The baeteflal biota on ¢rostme (mmartiealatee3 ¢ondline algae from Tasmaalaa waters [Australlai. Microb. Ecol, 110):221-230. Dept. of Agric. Sci., Univ. of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7005, Australia.
86:1658 Volterra, Laura, Lucia Bonadonna and F.A. Aulicino, 1985. Comlmrlma d mellmds to detect fecal in marine waters. Wat. Air Soil Pollut. 26(2):201-210. Ist. Superiore di Sanita, Lab. di Igiene de Territorio, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome, Italy.
E. Biological Oceanography
at temperatures above 60°C, with only heterotrophs above 73°C, and Archaebacteria above 90 °, while the upper limit for life is suspected to be between 110°C and 200°C. The macromolecules of thermophiles possess an inherent heat stability, based on subtle sequence characteristics, and their enzymes can have activity optima above the optimal growth temperatures, making these enzymes and organisms valuable for industrial processes. Dept. of Bacteriology, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. (gsb) 86:1651 Jones, J.G., 1985. Mibrobes and microbial processes in sediments. Phil. Trans. R. Soc., (A)315(1531): 3-17. Microbial processes within buried sediments are dominated by the action of anaerobic bacteria. Where electron acceptors are absent, various methods of energy conservation, such as polyphosphate bonds, reduction of Fe(III) and Mn(IV), and the reduction of CO2 to acetate, become important. The role of bacteria as biomarkers is discussed, and their key features are identified. Freshwater Biol. Assoc., The Ferry House, Ambleside, Cumbria LA22 0LP, UK. (hbf) 86:1652 Kang, Hun and Humitake Seki, 1985. Biomass production of gram-negative bacterioplankton. Mer, Tokyo, 23(2):64-70. (In Japanese, English abstract.)
OLR (1986) 33 (3)
86:1654 Lindahl, Gunvor and Kerstin WallstrOm, 1985. Nitrogen fixation (.aqetyleae reduction) in plank-
tic cymmbaetedain Oregnmdsgrepee, s w ~ t h . nian Sea. Arch. Hydrobiol., 104(2):193-204. Species composition, biomass, acetylene reduction, and number, frequency, and activity of heterocysts were assessed for the nitrogen-fixing community in a coastal area of the SW Bothnian Sea over a two-year period. Results included nitrogen fixation at the rate of 0.06 g m -2 y-' (1% of the summer primary production requirement), reflecting lower nitrogen fixation than in the northern Baltic proper. Inst. of Ecol. Bot., Box 559, S-751 22 Uppsala, Sweden. (gsb) 86:1655 Lucena, F., A. Bosch, J. Jofre and L. Schwartzbrod, 1985. Identification of viruses isolated from sewage, rlverwater and coastal seawater in Barcelona, [Spain]. War. Res., 19(10):1237-1239. Dept. de Microbiol., Fac. de Biol., Univ. de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. 86:1656 Marshall, H.G., 1985. The seasonal composition and disttilmtion lmtterm of Cyanophyccae in the northeastern coastal waters of the United States. Arch. Hydrobiol., (Suppl.)71(l-2)(Algol. Stud. 38/39):305-306. Old Dominion Univ., Dept. of Biol. Sci., Norfolk, VA, USA. 86:1657 Stal, L.J. and W.E. Krumbein, 1985. Isolation and characterization of cyanebact~at from a marine microbial mat. Botanica mar., 28(8):351-365.
Gram-negative bacteria have been shown to assimilate dissolved organic matter, especially in the oligotrophic ocean, more efficiently than grampositive bacteria by means of binding proteins that are involved in the nutrient transport system. Hence the predominance of gram-negative forms decreased with eutrophication. There are significant differences between bacterioplankton and attached bacteria in various aquatic ecosystems in relation to the concentration of dissolved organic matter depending on its nutritional and chemical constituents. Inst. of Biol. Sci., Univ. of Tsukuba, Sakura-mura, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
Cyanobacteria from an intertidal zone microbial mat (Mellum Island, North Sea) were isolated and morphologically characterized and studied in terms of salt tolerance, optimum salinity, nitrogen-fixing capacity and pigment composition. Twenty-two strains were distinguished (from 60 isolates); 2 unicellular, 7 heterocystous and 13 non-heterocystous filamentous. Most were true marine forms with one freshwater and 6 halotolerant. Geomicrobiol. Div., Univ. Oldenburg, Ammerlander Heerstr. 67-99, 2900 Oldenburg, FRG. (arm)
86:1653 Lewis, T.E., C.D. Garland and T.A. McMeekin, 1985. The baeteflal biota on ¢rostme (mmartiealatee3 ¢ondline algae from Tasmaalaa waters [Australlai. Microb. Ecol, 110):221-230. Dept. of Agric. Sci., Univ. of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7005, Australia.
86:1658 Volterra, Laura, Lucia Bonadonna and F.A. Aulicino, 1985. Comlmrlma d mellmds to detect fecal in marine waters. Wat. Air Soil Pollut. 26(2):201-210. Ist. Superiore di Sanita, Lab. di Igiene de Territorio, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome, Italy.