Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 875 – 880
:RUOG0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ$UFKLWHFWXUH8UEDQ3ODQQLQJ6\PSRVLXP :0&$86
&RPSDULVRQRIWKH(IIHFWLYHQHVVRI6XSHUILFLDO6WUHQJWKHQLQJRI 0DVRQU\ZLWK7ZR7\SHVRI*)535HLQIRUFHPHQW ,ZRQD*DOPDQD a
Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Structural Engineering, Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license 7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI:0&$86 Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016 Keywords:GLDJRQDOWHQVLOHVWUHQJWK$$&EORFNVPDVRQU\VXSHUILFLDOVWUHQJWKHQLQJ*)53ODPLQDWHV
&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO E-mail address:LZRQDJDOPDQ#SROVOSO
1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.737
876
Iwona Galman / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 875 – 880
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±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îî PP ± VHH )LJE E F G D
)LJ6KDSHDQGGLPHQVLRQVIRUD $$&EORFNE WHVWHGVSHFLPHQVF *)53ZRYHQPHVKG *)53ZRYHQPHVKXVLQJLQSODVWHUZRUNV
$FFRUGLQJ WR WKH WHVWLQJ VFRSH RQH W\SH RI VXSHUILFLDO VWUHQJWKHQLQJ ZDV VWUHQJWKHQLQJ XVLQJ *)53 VWULSV LQ YHUWLFDOGLUHFWLRQDQGRQHW\SHZDVVWUHQJWKHQLQJXVLQJSODVWHUPHVK7KHILUVWW\SHRIVWUHQJWKHQLQJPDWHULDOXVHG ZDV*)53ZRYHQPHVKZLWKWKHPRGXOXVRIHODVWLFLW\RIN1PPDQGPDVVRIJP)LJF *)53VWULSV ZLWKWKHZLGWKRIPPZHUHJOXHGZLWKWKHUHVLQHSR[\JOXH:KHQLWFRPHVWRPHVKSODVWHULQJWKHPHVKZDV IL[HG WR ERWK VLGHV RI WKH ZKROH ODWHUDO VXUIDFH RI WKH ZDOOHWWH *5)3 PHVK ZLWK JDX]H ZHDYHV DQG PHVK VL]H RI îPPZDVXVHG,WVZHLJKWZDVJP)LJF 7KUHHVHULHVRIWHVWVSHFLPHQVZHUHH[HFXWHGHDFKRIFRPSRQHQWV x XQVWUHQJWKHQPDVRQU\ZDOOHWWHV±UHIHUHQFHPRGHOV±16VHULHV)LJD x PDVRQU\ZDOOHWWHVZLWKVWUHQJWKHQLQJVWULSVLQYHUWLFDOGLUHFWLRQ±9*VHULHV)LJE x PDVRQU\ZDOOHWWHVZLWKFRPSOHWHELODWHUDOVWUHQJWKHQLQJ±'6VHULHV)LJF
877
Iwona Galman / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 875 – 880 D
E
F
)LJ7HVWVSHFLPHQVSUHSDUHGIRUWHVWLQJD 16VHULHVE 9*VHULHVF '6VHULHV
7HVWVSHFLPHQVZHUHVXEMHFWHGWRGLDJRQDOFRPSUHVVLRQ7KHWHVWVWDQGZDVSUHSDUHGDQGWKHWHVWVZHUHSHUIRUPHG DFFRUGLQJWRWKHUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVRI5,/(0/80%,QGXFWLYH/'97JDXJHVZHUHSODFHGRQERWKVLGHVXUIDFHV RIWKHZDOODORQJERWKGLDJRQDOV WRUHFRUGYHUWLFDODQGKRUL]RQWDOGLVSODFHPHQWVPHDVXUHGWRWKHDFFXUDF\RI PP 5HVXOWVDQGGLVFXVVLRQ 3.1. Modes of failure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±UHJDUGHGDVDIDLOXUH RIWKHHOHPHQW±ZDVGHODPLQDWLRQRIWKHVWULSZLWKDSDUWRIWKHPDVRQU\WKLVORFDWLRQLVPDUNHGZLWKGDUNHUFRORXU LQ)LJE 6PHDUHGFUDFNVZHUHREVHUYHGRQWKHVXUIDFHVRI'6VHULHVZKLFKUDQSHUSHQGLFXODUO\WRWKHGLDJRQDO 7KHVHFUDFNVUDQDFURVVPDVRQU\HOHPHQWVILOOHGEHGMRLQWVDQGXQILOOHGKHDGMRLQWV$QLQFUHDVHLQWKHORDGLQGXFHG DQLQFUHDVHLQWKHZLGWKRIWKHH[LVWLQJFUDFNV/DWHURQORFDOSHHORIIRIWKHPHVKIURPWKHZDOOVXUIDFHZDVREVHUYHG 7KHVHORFDWLRQVDUHLQGLFDWHGLQ)LJFZLWKVKDGLQJ D
E
F
)LJ0RGHVRIIDLOXUHIRUVWUHQJWKHQHGPRGHOVD 16D 9*E '6
878
Iwona Galman / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 875 – 880
3.2. State of cracking and ultimate stresses 'XULQJODERUDWRU\WHVWVWKHFRPSUHVVLYHIRUFHDQGGLVSODFHPHQWVZHUHUHFRUGHGPHDVXUHGZLWKLQGXFWLYHJDXJHV 7DEOHVKRZVWKHYDOXHVRIFUDFNLQJVWUHVVHVIJFU DQGWKHPD[LPXPVKHDUVWUHVVHVIJPD[ 7DEOH9DOXHVRIFDOFXODWHGVKHDUVWUHVVHVDWFUDFNLQJDQGDWIDLOXUH 6SHFLPHQ 16
16
16 16 16 16 9* 9* 9* 9* 9* 9* '6 '6 '6 '6 '6 '6
IJFU
IJFUPY
IJPD[
IJPD[PY
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eformability of masonry walls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
16 16 16 16 16 16 9* 9* 9* 9* 9* 9* '6 '6 '6 '6 '6 '6
șFU
șFUPY
șIJPD[
șIJPD[ PY
7KH YDOXH RI WKH QRQGLODWDWLRQDO VWUDLQ DQJOH RI UHIHUHQFH ZDOOHWWHV 16 VHULHV ZDV VOLJKWO\ KLJKHU WKDQ LQ VWUHQJWKHQHGZDOOHWWHV9*DQG'6VHULHV $WWKHPRPHQWRIIDLOXUHRIWKHVWUHQJWKHQHGPDVRQU\ZDOOHWWHVQRQ GLODWDWLRQDOVWUDLQDQJOHVZHUHYHU\KLJKDQGUDQJHGIURPWRPUDGIRU9*VHULHVDQGIURPWRPUDG IRU'6VHULHV&RPSDULQJWKHVHYDOXHVZLWKWKHDYHUDJHQRQGLODWDWLRQDOVWUDLQDQJOHRIWKHXQVWUHQJWKHQZDOOVZKLFK ZDVșFU PUDGLWFDQEHFRQFOXGHGWKDWWKHXVHRIVWUHQJWKHQLQJDOORZVIRUPXFKODUJHUGHIRUPDWLRQVRIWKH VWUXFWXUH,WZDVDOVRREVHUYHGGXULQJWKHWHVWWKDWWKHPHVKLIXVHGDIWHUWKHILUVWFUDFNVDSSHDUSURWHFWVWKHZDOOIURP VXGGHQHVFDODWLRQRIFUDFNV
Iwona Galman / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 875 – 880
879
,Q RUGHU WR EHWWHU LOOXVWUDWH WKH EHKDYLRXU RI WHVWHG VSHFLPHQV GLDJUDPV )LJ ZHUH SUHSDUHG VKRZLQJ WKH UHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQWKHQRQGLODWDWLRQDOVWUDLQDQJOHVDQGVKHDUVWUHVVHV,QFDVHRIXQVWUHQJWKHQPDVRQU\ZDOOHWWHV WKHIJ±șUHODWLRQVKLSLVSUDFWLFDOO\OLQHDUXQWLOIDLOXUH'HIRUPDWLRQLQFUHDVHVSURSRUWLRQDOO\WRWKHDSSOLHGIRUFH8QWLO WKH DSSHDUDQFH RI WKH ILUVW FUDFNV VWUHQJWKHQHG ZDOOHWWHV 9* DQG '6 VHULHV EHKDYHG LQ WKH VDPH ZD\ DV WKH XQVWUHQJWKHQZDOOHWWHV OLQHDU UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ IJ±ș 7KRURXJK FRPSDULVRQ RI WKLV SKDVHRIZRUNRI DOO WHVWHG HOHPHQWVHQODUJHGSDUWRIWKHGLDJUDPLQ)LJE VKRZVRQO\VOLJKWO\JUHDWHUVWLIIQHVVRIWKHVWUHQJWKHQHGZDOOHWV ZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHXQVWUHQJWKHQRQHV
)LJD &RPSDULVRQRIIJ±șUHODWLRQVKLSIRUDOOWHVWHGHOHPHQWV
)LJE HQODUJHGSDUWRIGLDJUDPIRU 16VHULHV
7KHDSSHDUDQFHRIFUDFNVLQWKHVWUHQJWKHQHGZDOOHWVGRHVQRWVLJQLI\IDLOXUHEHFDXVHWKHLQFUHDVHRIGHIRUPDWLRQ LVDFFRPSDQLHGZLWKJUDGXDOLQYROYHPHQWRIH[WHUQDOUHLQIRUFHPHQW*)53 7KXVWKHUHLVDVHFWLRQLQWKHGLDJUDP VLPLODU WR SODVWLFLVDWLRQ ,Q FDVH RI 9* VHULHV D VWUHVV LQFUHDVH FDQ EH REVHUYHG ZKHQ WKH VKHDU VWUDLQ ș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ș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
880
Iwona Galman / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 875 – 880
ZDOOVDQGWKHEHKDYLRXURIWKHVWUXFWXUHZKHQVXEMHFWHGWRORDGVVLPLODULQQDWXUHWRWKHPRYHPHQWVRIWKHJURXQG %DVHGRQWKHUHVXOWVRIWKHODERUDWRU\WHVWVWKHIROORZLQJFRQFOXVLRQVFRXOGKDYHEHHQGUDZQ x VXSHUILFLDOVWUHQJWKHQLQJRIWKH$$&PDVRQU\ZDOOHWWHVKDVVKRZQWKHLUPXOWLSKDVHZRUNLQFRQWUDVWWRWKH XQVWUHQJWKHQVSHFLPHQVZKHUHWKHDSSHDUDQFHRIWKHILUVWFUDFNZDVHTXLYDOHQWWRIDLOXUH x DVLJQLILFDQWLQFUHDVHRIWKHXOWLPDWHIRUFHRIWKHVWUHQJWKHQHGZDOOHWWHVZDVREVHUYHG7KHORDGEHDULQJFDSDFLW\ RIWKHVSHFLPHQVVWUHQJWKHQHGZLWKVWULSVZDVDQGRIWKHRQHVVWUHQJWKHQHGRQWKHZKROHVXUIDFHZDVFD KLJKHUWKDQRIWKHUHIHUHQFHHOHPHQWV x VWUHQJWKHQLQJRIWKHZKROHVXUIDFHZLWKZHDNHUPDWHULDOLVPRUHHIIHFWLYHWKDQORFDOVWUHQJWKHQLQJZLWKD VWURQJHUPDWHULDO 5HIHUHQFHV >@1*DWWHVFR&$PDGLR&%HGRQ([SHULPHQWDODQGQXPHULFDOVWXG\RQWKHVKHDUEHKDYLRURIVWRQHPDVRQU\ZDOOVVWUHQJWKHQHGZLWK*)53 UHLQIRUFHGPRUWDUFRDWLQJDQGVWHHOFRUGUHLQIRUFHGUHSRLQWLQJEngineering Structures 90, 2015,pp. 143-157. >@-.XELFD0.DáXĪD'LDJRQDOO\&RPSUHVVHG$$&%ORFN¶V0DVRQU\±(IIHFWLYHQHVVRI6WUHQJWKHQLQJ8VLQJ&5)3DQG*)53/DPLQDWHV 8th International Masonry Conference'UHVGHQSS419-428. >@$.DODOL0=.DELU([SHULPHQWDOUHVSRQVHRIGRXEOH±ZLWKPDVRQU\SDQHOVVWUHQJWKHQHGZLWKJODVVILEHUUHLQIRUFHGSRO\PHUVVXEMHFWHGWR GLDJRQDOFRPSUHVVLRQWHVWVEngineering Structures 39, SS24-37. >@0.DáXĪD,*DOPDQ-.XELFD&$JQHORQL'LDJRQDO7HQVLOH6WUHQJWKRI$$&%ORFNV0DVRQU\ZLWK7KLQ-RLQWV6XSHUILFLDOO\ 6WUHQJWKHQHGE\5HLQIRUFHG8VLQJ*)531HW3ODVWHULQJKey Engineering Materials 6, 2015, pp. 363-370. >@+0DKPRRG-0,QJKDP Diagonal Compression Testing of FRP-Retrofitted Unreinforced Clay Brick Masonry Wallettes-RXUQDO of composites for construction´$PHULFDQ6RFLHW\RI&LYLO(QJLQHHUVSS >@5,/(0/80%'LDJRQDO7HQVLOH6WUHQJWK7HVWVRI6PDOO:DOO6SHFLPHQV7&±/80 >@*6FKZHJOHU6WUHQJWKHQLQJRIPDVRQU\ZLWKILEHUFRPSRVLWHVPhD thesis, Federal Institute of Technology=XULFK >@09DOOX]]L'7LQD]]L&0RGHQD6KHDUEHKDYLRXURIPDVRQU\SDQHOVVWUHQJWKHQHGE\)53ODPLQDWHVConstruction and Building Materials 16, 2002, pp. 409-416 >@4:DQJ=&KDL<+XDQJ<