K.N. Ravenscroft
and WV Block,
assignors to Birchwoocl Labomtories Inc
A process for forming a hybrid conversion coating on a ferrous comprising metal substrate applying an intermediate coating rich in molecular iron and oxygen and contacting the coated substrate with an aqueous solution of oxidizing agents to form a surface, which is predominantly magnetite.
US. Patent 6,309,583.
Oct. 30,200l
M.D. Feldstein, assignor to Surface Technology Inc. Trenton, N.J.
The process of providing portions or all of a body with a layer comprising the application of particles, which are covered or substantially
covered with an encapsulating material or materials to at least a portion of the body, and then affecting a modification in the composition of the encapsulating material or materials to form an integrated composite layer of particles within the encapsulating material or materials.
PULSEEmOF MaTas FOR PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS US. Patent 6,309,528.
Oct. 30,200l
I?J Taylor et al., assignors to Faraday Technology Marketing Group LLC, Troy, Ohio
A method for depositing a continuous layer of a metal onto a substrate having both hydrodynamically inaccessible recesses on its surface comprising immersing a counter electrode in a plating bath, in a first electroplating step passing a first modulated reversing electric current between the electrodes, wherein the first modulated reversing electric current comprises first cathodic pulses and first anodic pulses, the first cathodic pulses have a duty cycle less than 50% and the first anodic pulses have a duty cycle greater than 50%; the charge transfer ratio of the first cathodic pulses to the first anodic pulses is greater than one; and the frequency ranges from 10 to 12,000 Hz; and in a second electroplating step, passing a second modulated reversing electric current, which comprises second cathodic pulses and second anodic pulses; the second cathodic pulses have a duty cycle greater than 50% and the second anodic pulses have a duty cycle less than 50%; the charge transfer ratio is greater than one; and the frequency ranges from 10 to 5,000 Hz.
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