Composite RO membrane

Embedded

hollow fibre membranes

Applicant: Akzo

Nobel

NV, The Netherlands.

A polyacrylonitrile-base

hollow-hbre

membrane

is described

which

structure,

in

continuously The patent a method fluid,

describes

a membrane

for treating

specific

where

the

with a bundle

module

contains

of hollow

a semi-permeable are embedded

porous

fibre

embedded treated

open

is introduced

outer

crossflows

Inventors: T. Oishi,

area

fluid the

inner

ot

Applicant:

Pacific

flux) so that

primary

flux.

emanating

The

from

permeate

flux

housing

is collected, outer

flux the

area

primary

is re-

with

the

treated flux

evacuated

fluid

This patent

describes

insoluble

materials and

the

containing

from

the

fed as an anolyte

lithium

solution

with

compartment

compartment whose

of others.

the electrolytic solution method

include

of

which

Publication

employed

for

other

Applicant: Nitto

monovalent

lithium

J.E.V.

described

of oxygen

over water

a metal/air

which

its water content. compounds or

Also described

has enhanced

a thin

form

a

layer

The

substrate

of

Mok,

CO-

polymeric

is crosslinked

on the substrate

1998

is a suitable

salt cutoff

Crossflow catalysts

Brose,

The

patent

M.N.

Publication

1998

than

hollow-fibre

Japan

a process from

reaction

filtration

is made

1 urn. These

suspended

mixtures

containing

of the catalyst-

from

an

inorganic

pore diameter

catalysts

hydrogenating

reaction

on a membrane.

membranes

separating

for separating

a liquid

mixture

and has a mean

catalytically Osaka,

describes catalysts

membrane

produce Kasei Kogyo,

prepared

tubular

of polymer

50 wt%

of a-Al

K.I? Goodboy,

J. Bai

I999

Corporation, osmosis

comprises

Japan

membrane

high

the contact

layer surface

more

reactive

which

is

of less

can be used for from

reaction

catalyst used 2-butin-1,4-diol

I ,4-butanediol.

Patent number: WO 99/01206

for to

A

water

amino

third

solution,

concentrated compound, The

is then

I.2 times higher

a layer, with

compound

a acid

the concentration compound

with

skin layer.

of the polyfunctional than

more halide

into contact

in the third solution halide

a

solution.

containing

a polyamide

acid

is at least of the

in the second

solution, Patent zumber: WO

99/O 1208

Invenrors: M. Hirose, Publication

H. Ito, T Ohara

date: 14 January

a

two or

contact

brought

concentration

halide compound polyfunctional

with

polyfunctional

the first layer to form

with

to form

into

It is

support

groups

acid halide

angle of is set to be

has excellent

a compound

brought

skin

permeability.

a porous

containing

is

a polyamide

support;

by coating

solution

by crossflow

containing The

Polyacrylonitrile-base membrane

of suspended

and

polyfunctional

material,

date: 23 December

filtration

Applicant: BASF AG, Germany

mixture

D.J.

reverse

which

water on the polyamide

A

98158418

Reynolds,

Denko

layer on a porous date: 30 December

to

film or to

membrane.

membrane

a thin

a

RO membrane

A composite

I?J. Pickering,

Broome

Golovin

Applicant: Asabi

K.-W.

surface

no more than 45”. This membrane

film. T.A.

Inventors:

suspended

Patent number: WO Inventors:

layer

polymer

purification

outer

salt solutions.

Patent number: WO 98159385

Publication

oxide

oxide

self-supporting

microporous

the

not

comprises

film

about

does

does

that

perfluoropolyalkylene

erfluoroformaldehyde. form

over

perfluoro

as polyperfluoropropylene

compound

is this

control

polymeric

polyperfluoropropylene

perfluoro

on

transport

cell employing

Suitable

include

such

compound

selective

vapour.

electrochemical

membrane,

oxides

perfluoro

with

date: 14 January

Composite

exhibits

but

which

the

Inventors: M. Mabendran,

relates

which

membrane

Patent number: WO 99/01207

a gas-permeable

the substrate,

the

membrane

coated

less than

comprising

a layer of a polymeric

of

fails to remove

particles.

The patent

film and

The

by

a solution

semi-permeable

is stable at a pH of at least 11, and the permeate _ a further purified lithium hydroxide solution _ is collected. The nanofiltration process may be

membrane,

novel

the

particles.

is improved

with

which

higher

with

the a-Al

flux

The

50% made

a membrane

is

asymmetric

pressure

substrate

about

support,

containing a

net

the

macroporous

from the

membrane

hypochlorite,

the o-Al.

is passed under

a nanofiltration

sodium

USA to a permeable

against

solution

the

to

polymer.

a membrane

membrane

contain

the complex

the

but without

as

hydrolysed,

with to

provides

flux than

by a

process in which the substantially hydroxide

membrane

it from

is

(40-90% reacts

from

cell, and purified may

such

HPVA

ions but

is removed

polymer

remove

A current

and

a hydrophilic

is

porosity

are reacted

is then

Unexpectedly,

compartment

the particles

of

(“cc-Al”)

complex

same polymer

salt is

or

suspended

which

the

microa complex

o-alumina

alcohol

treating

for from

hydrophilicity

specific

separate

mixed lithium

membrane,

The

pure lithium

Inc, Georgia,

lithium

waste

passage

nanofiltration Resources

soluble

cell. This

hydroxide

cathode.

Applicant: AER Energy

to

allows the passage of lithium the

passed through

of oxygen over

the

battery

into the anode

exchange

inhibits

Selective transport water vapour

The

novel

containing

from

from the cathode

selectively

1998

in which

dispersed.

impart

waste material,

a slurry washed

soluble

electrolytic

cation

R. Wollbeck

particles,

“HPVA”),

of lithium,

and the

filtered

separated

battery

process,

is filtered

components,

Inc, Canada

membrane

and

mixed

and apparatus

purification

from lithium

lithium

of an

date: 23 December

Ltd, New Zealand

a method

and/or

and

98157733

Inventors: U. Baurmeister,

Lithium

In this electrolytic

an outlet.

Patent number: WO Publication

and

of the

is finally

through

the specific

flux to be treated.

a-alumina

Environmental

filtration

polyvinyl

particularly

the

A

and

enabling

into

1998

Lithium recovery and purification

side as a permeate

introduced

Applicant: Zenon

to bc

the wall to the other

flux

with calcined

calcined

part of it flows through

permeate

Membrane particles

N. Kubota

date: 30 December

for the recovery

The

pore

diameters.

Publication

non-

fibre membranes,

flux,

and

different

PVDF

the

1999

no vacant

at The

in the permeate

have

date: 14 January

of the

and the outer

surfaces

G. Krug,

G. Kaibel

is formed

this side (as a primary

substances

Publication

E. Schubert,

M. Karcher,

ultrafiltration

to either

side of the hollow

contains

10 pm,

membrane

diameters

the surfaces

The membrane than

R. Pinkos,

of the hollow

and lead to the external

the membrane.

pore

Inventors: K. Massonne,

a spongy

Patent number: WO 98/58728

at only one end,

lumens

are

end,

surrounding

and

the

decrease toward

larger

inner

and freely crossflowed

The

membranes

membrane. spaces

wall. The membranes

and can be substantially end.

and in a

a housing

fibre membranes

in a compound

at the other

module

substances

which

filtration

has

1999

Membrane Technology No. 106