Composite sole for a shoe

Open-cell composition and method of making same Walles, W.E. (The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA) US Pat 4 647 498 (3 March 1987) An open-cell network of 99-33 weight % of a microfibrous, inert inorganic oxide (silicon, aluminium ortitanium)is strengthened by acoating of 1-70 weight % of a polymer (vinyl homopolymers, copolymers of polystyrene). The composition contains 30-99% open cells by volume. Cellulose fibres for cement reinforcement Blackie, M.S. and Poynton, D.J. (Courtaulds plc, London, UK) US Pat 4 647 505 (3 March 1987) In this process, fibres are first dispersed in an aqueous medium which causes them to swell and are impregnated with a titanium and/or zirconium chelate compound under conditions which minimize hydrolysis of the chelate. Following mechanical extraction of the impregnated fibres and drying, reaction between the chelate compound(s) and hydroxyl groups on the cellulose fibres are effected to form cross-links on the surface and throughout the body of the fibres. The resulting product contains up to about 1% by weight of titanium and/or zirconium, based on the dry weight of the fibres. Structural panels Parker, J.A. et al (Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, USA ) US Pat 4 64 7 615 (3 March 1987) In the title structural panels, 0.5-5 parts by weight of reinforcing fibres are dispersed in one part by weight of a cured copolymeric resin comprising bismaleimide and a 5-vinyl-2-stilbazole of a given formula. Composite flexbeam for a rotary wing aircraft Fradenburgh, E.A., Kiely, E.F. and Miller, G.G. (United Technologies Corporation, Hartford, CT, USA) US Pat 4 638 800 (10 March 1987) The fibre-reinforced epoxy fiexbeam has torsionally stiff, thick inboard and outboard end portions, reinforced with doublers, each of which tapers down to a torsionally soft, thin, medial web portion.The product is used for mounting a variable pitch blade to a rotatable hub, Molded bow limb Johnston, R. (Precision Shooting Equipment Company, Tuscon, AZ, USA) US Pat 4 649 889 (17 March 1987) I n the article which has varying thicknesses along its length and varying widths transferse of its length so that it has a substantially uniform crosssection, the glass fibre strands are essentially longitudinal in the central portion of the body and closely conform to the skin adjacent to the skin. Filament wound interlaminate tubular attachment Policelli. F.J. (Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington, DE, USA) US Pat 4 649 960 (17 March 1987) The detailed winding configuration is given of end sections in a filament wound tube to which load-bearing coupling shells can be attached for joining similar tubes. Joint for truss structures of fiber composite material Seuster, W. (Dornier System GmbH, Friedrichshafen, FRG) US Pat 4 650 361 (17March 1987) A joint connection for attachment of reflector panels to a truss support structure comprised of bars is described. Both the bars and reflector panels are composed of FRP or metal. Composite sole for a shoe (Hannibal, A.J., Fairview. PA, USA) USPat 4 651

COMPOSITES . JANUARY

1988

445 (24 March 1987) The sole ofth e shoe is formed of plies of fibres oriented at _+40° to +90 ° to the longitudinal axis in a resilient matrix material. The fibres have a modulus of elasticity of about 7 G P a along their long axis, whereas that for the matrix is less than 0.7 GPa.

Vehicle bumper Loren, N.S. and Gordon, W.E. (Michael Ladney, Grosse Pointe Shores, MI, USA) US Pat 4 652 031 (24 March 1987) An impact-receiving fascia is bonded to a resilient, compressible plastic foam formed in situ via an integral skin on the foam.

MATERIALS Scrim reinforced, cloth-like composite laminate and a method of making Manning, J.H. and Dunkerly Ill, C.A. (The James River Corporation, Rich mond, VA, USA) US Pat 4 634 621 (6January 1987) A scrim coated with thermoplastic binder is inserted between two non-woven layers formed of cellulosic fibres bound with latex adhesive. The laminate is then heated without pressing to yield the title product. Flexible circuit laminate and method of making the same Gazit, S. and Fleischer, C.A. (Rogers Corporation, Rogers, CT, USA) US Pat 4 634 631 (t January 1987) A layer of polyimide film is coated with a glassrein forced fluoropolymer adhesive film in which the glass fibres are short and non-continuous, and has a conductive sheet disposed on at least a portion of the adhesive film. Electromagnetic interference-shielding, flameretardant ABS resin composition Kamiyo, S. and Yoshihiro, M. (Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 636 356 (13 January 1987) The ABS resin contains 5 to 20 weight % of stainless steel fibres (o faverage diameter 3 to 5 ~m and average fibre length of 3 to 50 ram) and 4 to 30 weight % of glass fibres (of aspect ratio at least 50 and an average diameter of 5 lain). Composite fiber reinforced molded structure for dimple control Harris, C.E. and Tolley, R.K. (The Boeing Company, Seattle, WA, USA) US Pat 4 636 422 (13January 1987) The structure comprises an outer member of fabric in uncured resin including a precured resinimpregnated fabric embedded therein, both fabrics containing high modulus and high strength fibres, and an internal stiffener formed integrally with the outside membercomprisinghigh modulus and strength fibres in an uncured resin. Curable epoxy resin compositions Wang, D.W., Courter, J.L. and Kohli, D.K. (American Cyanamid Company, Stamford, CT. USA) US Pat 4 636 535 (13January 1987) The structure of an amine-containing curing agent for an epoxy composition comprising a heat-curable epoxy resin and non-siliceous reinforcing filaments is given. Ncoalkoxy titanate in high density mica laminates Sklarski, D.J. (Essex Group Inc, Fort Wayne, IN, USA) US Pat 4 637 852 (20January 1987) Mica composite laminates are formed by curing

under heat and pressure a stack of mica papers impregnated with 5-14 weight % of a polysiloxane binder containing about 1-4 weight % of a neoalkoxy titanate and about 0.5-2 weight % of a naphthenate.

Scrim reinforced, flat cloth-like composite laminate and a method of making Manning, J.H. and Sorensen, W.P. (The James River Corporation, Richmond, VA, USA) USPat 4 637 949 (20January 1987) The laminates are prepared similarly to those in US Pat 4 634 621 (6 January 1987), except th at tension is maintained on the scrim and the nonwoven layers during heating. Advanced titanium composite Sastry, S.M., O'Neal, J.E. and Peng, T.C. (McDonnell Douglas Corporation, St Louis, MO, USA) US Pat 4 639 281 (27January 1987) Fibrous dispersoids are formedin situ in a rapidly solidified titanium matrix during the annealing of a titanium alloy, the dispersoids serving to increase the strength of the alloy, Ceramic-metal composites Ainsworth, J.H. and Shepler, R.E. (Chromalloy American Corporation, Dallas, TX, USA) US Pat 4 639 388 (27January 1987) The composite structure comprises a layer of heat-resistant, chemically bonded ceramic mechanically attached to a metal substrate which contains reinforcing elements. Fiber reinforced thremoplastic material Binnersley, E.K. and Krueger, W.H. (E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and C o m p a n y Inc, Wilmington, DE, USA) US Pat 4 640 861 (3 February 1987) About 50-60 volume % of thermoplastic-coated fibre bundles are arranged in a thermoplastic matrix to form a composite in which the uniformity of reinforcement distribution in the matrix, as measured by the ratio of the mean mass length between fibre bundles parallel to that perpendicular to the consolidation direction, is from 0.5 to 1.0. Preservative treated composite wood product Knudson, R.M. and Ehrenfellner, H. (MacMillan Bloedel Limited, Vancouver, Canada) US Pat 4 643 860 (17 February 1987) Molten slack wax is applied to wood particles of moisture content below 10%, the wood particles are then sprayed with an ammonical copper arsenate solution and blended with an adhesive resin. The resulting mixture is formed into a mat, and then heated and compressed to yield the product. Epoxy-glass integrated circuit package having bonding pads in a stepped cavity McNeal, N.E., Nagy, R.A. and Norell, R.A. (Burroughs Corporation, Detroit, MI, USA) US Pat 4 643 935 (17 February 1987) Thin layers of glass fibre-reinforced epoxy resin are stacked and laminated together by means of adhesive interlayers. The stack has a stepped cavity which exposes the flat surface of an internal FRP layer to which are bonded wire pads. Low density fiber-reinforced plastic composites Shaw, K.M. et al (The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA) US Pat 4 643 940 (17 February 1987) Prepared by an aqueous slurry process and expanded by heat in thickness to a void content of 20-90 volume %, this composite comprises a thermoplastic resin matrix and 10-50

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