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Composite structures
Fibre Scienceand Technology 16(1982)313-318
BOOK REVIEWS
Composite Structures. Edited by I.H. Marshall. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Composite Structures, held at Paisley College of Technology, Scotland. 16-18 September 1981, organised in association with the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and the National Engineering Laboratory. Applied Science Publishers, London. 1981. pp. 738. ISBN 0-85334-988-6. Price: £65.00. The book contains a total of 48 papers, presented at the 18 sessions of the above Conference, all covering very important subjects in a most important area. In the plenary session two papers were presented: one by R. M. Jones (USA), 'Composite Materials Education in the United States' and one by J. Humphreys (England), 'Engineering Plastics--Some Factors Affecting Technology Transfer'. The second session was entitled Bolted Connections, and the three papers presented were 'Analysis of the Shearout Failure Mode in Composite Bolted Joints' by D. W. Wilson and R. Byron Pipes (USA), 'Stress and Strength Analysis of Bolted Joints in Composite Laminates', by S. R. Soni (USA) and 'Some Environmental and Geometric Effects on the Static Strength of Graphite Cloth Epoxy Bolted Joints' by J.A. Bailie, L. M. Fisher, S.A. Howard and K.G. Perry (USA). Environmental Effects was the subject of the third session and the following papers were presented: 'The Stress-Rupture Behaviour of GRP Laminates in Aqueous Environments' by R.C. Wyatt, L.S. Norwood and M.G. Phillips (England), 'Water Absorption by Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Resin' by P. Bonniau and A.R. Bunsell (France) and 'Failure of GRP in Corrosive Environments' by P.J. Hogg, D. Hull and M.J. Legg (England). Research and Development was dealt with in four sessions: The first, Analytical Studies comprised the following papers: 'Large Deflection Analysis of Bimodular Cross-ply Strips' by G.J. Turvey (England), 'Analysis of Thermally Stressed Variable Thickness Composite Discs--a CAD Technique' by D. G. Gorman and J. P. Huissoon (Ireland), 'Optimization of Laminated Shells with Multiple Loading Conditions and Fabrication Constraints' by R. T. Brown and J. A. Nachlas (USA). 313 Fibre Science and Technology (16) (1982)--© Applied Science Publishers Ltd, England, 1982
Printed in Great Britain
314
BOOK REVIEWS
The second session, Marine Applications, included 'Recent Developments in Polyester Matrices and Reinforcements for Marine Applications, in Particular Polyester/Kevlar Composites' by L. S. Norwood and A. Marchant (England), 'The Testing and Analysis of Novel Top-Hat Stiffener Fabrication Methods for Use in GRP Ships' by A. K. Green and W. H. Bowyer (England) and 'The Development of Improved FRP Laminates for Ship Hull Construction' by J. Bird and R. C. Allan (Scotland). The following papers made up the session on Modelling Techniques: 'Development of Cylindrically Orthotropic Model Material for Transmission Photoelasticity' by P.K. Sinha and B.L. Dhoopar (India), 'Photoelastic Techniques for the Complete Determination of Stresses in Composite Structures' by R. Prabhakaran (India) and 'A Boundary Layer Approach to the Calculation of Transverse Stresses Along the Free Edges of a Symmetric Laminated Plate of Arbitrary Width Under In-Plane Loading' by D. Engrand (France). Finally, the fourth session on Research and Development consisted of one paper: 'Nonlinear Response of Angle-Ply Laminated Plates to Random Loads' by C. Mei and K. R. Wentz (USA). Physical and Mechanical Characteristics was the theme of three sessions, in which the following papers were presented: 'On the Orthotropic Elastic Behaviour of a Rubber Composite' by A. P. S. Selvadurai (Canada) and N. Moutafis (England), 'The Viscoelastic Response of a Graphite/Epoxy Laminate' by H. F. Brinson, D. H. Morris, W. I. Griffith and D. Dillard (USA), 'Viscoelastic Properties of Composite Materials' by A. Cardon and C1. Hiel (Belgium), 'The Effect of Thermal Strains on the Microcracking and Stress Corrosion Behaviour of GRP' by F. R. Jones, A. R. Wheatley and J. E. Bailey (England), 'Electrically Conductive Prepreg Systems' by G.L. Patz (USA) and 'Effects of Elastomeric Additives on the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin and Composite Systems' by R.J. Moulton and R.Y. Ting. Two sessions dealt with Structural Analysis. Papers presented at the first session, Platework Systems, were: 'Advances in Vibration, Buckling and Postbuckling Studies on Composite Plates' by A. W, Leissa (USA), 'On the Use of the Effective Width Concept for Composite Plates' by J. Rhodes and I. H. Marshall (Scotland) and 'Unsymmetrical Buckling of Laterally Loaded, Thin, Initially Imperfect Orthotropic Plates' by I. H. Marshall (Scotland). The second session, Structural Systems, consisted of: 'The Effect of Mode Interaction in Orthotropic Fibre Reinforced Composite Plain Channel Section Columns, by A. R. Upadhya (India) and J. Loughlan (England), 'The Stability Analysis of a Continuum/Skeletal Fibre Matrix System' by V. G. Ishakian and L. Holloway (England) and 'The Postbuckling Behaviour of Composite Box Sections' by W. M. Banks and J. Rhodes (Scotland). Finally, one session was devoted to each of the following subjects with the respective titles: Structural Et,aluation Techniques: 'Analysis of Composite Materials by Dynamic Thermomechanometry' by P. Burroughs and J.N. Leckenby (England),
BOOK REVIEWS
315
'Evaluation of Composite Structures by Stress-Wave-Factor and Acoustic Emission' by A. T. Green (USA) and 'Vibration Testing of Composite Materials' by J.L. Wearing and C. Patterson (England). Design: 'A Minimum Energy Composite Automobile' by R. M. McLay, J. Buckley, T. Floyd and D. Viens (USA), 'Structures in Reinforced Composites' by W.S. Carswell (Scotland) and 'Properties and Performance of GRC', by B.A. Proctor (England). Experimental Studies: 'Buckling of Platestrips--An Evaluation of Six CarbonEpoxy Laminates' by J.F.M. Wiggenraad (The Netherlands), 'The Damage Tolerance of High Performance Composites' by R.J. Lee and D.C. Phillips (England), 'Tensile Fatigue Assessment of Candidate Resins for Use in Fibre Reinforced Composite Repair Schemes' by D. P. Bashford, A.K. Green, K.F. Rogers and D.M. Kingston-Lee (England) and 'Temperature Increase in SMC Fatigue Testing' by S. V. Hoa and S. Lin (Canada). Fabrication Studies Including Natural Fibre Composites: 'A Unique Approach to Fabricating Precision Space Structure Elements' by H. Cohan and R. R. Johnson (USA), 'Manufacturing Methods for Carbon Fiber/Polyimide Matrix Composites' by W.C. Mace (USA), 'The Use of Natural Organic Fibres in Cement: Some Structural Considerations' by D. G. Swift (Kenya) and 'On the Possibility of Using Natural Fibre Composites' by K.G. Satyanarayana, A.G. Kulkarni, K. Sukumaran, S. G. K. Pillai, K.A. Cherian and P. K. Rohatgi (India). Fracture and Failure Analysis: 'Stress Intensity Factor Measurements in Composite Sandwich Structures' by I. Roman, H. Harel and G. Marom (Israel) and 'Progressive Failure Model for Advanced Composite Laminates Containing a Circular Hole' by D.Y. Konishi, K.H. Lo and E. M. Wu (USA). Finite Element Studies." 'A Comparison of the Failure Pressure as Predicted by Finite Element Stress Analysis with the Results of Full Scale Burst Tests on GRP Flanges' by A. Muscati and R. Bradford (England) and 'Elastic-Plastic Flexural Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates by the Finite Element Method' by F. F. Mahmoud (Egypt). The book covers wide areas of the science of composite materials and structures and it is natural that the impressive volume of information contained therein is of considerable interest to many specialists. Mechanical, structural, chemical and marine engineers, material scientists, etc., working either in research, development or in engineering practice will find important applications in their respective fields of interest. Quite a number of analytical and numerical tools are respectively used, as well as nearly all methods of experimental stress analysis and testing methodology. In other words, the book appears to be a 'must' for anyone related in any manner with the area of composites and composite structures. The reviewer considers the fact that eminent colleagues urged him to get hold of the book, long before this review was assigned to him, as strongly supporting this latter view. S. A. PAIPETIS
316
BOOK REVIEWS
Mechanics of Flexible Fibre Assemblies. Edited by J. W. S. Hearle, J.J. Thwaites and J. Amirbayat. No.38, NATO Advanced Study Institute Series: Applied Science, Sijthoff & Noordhoff Int. Publishers B.V., The Netherlands. 1980. pp. 663.
This book covers an interesting area in material science, in which recently important engineering applications have been developed beyond the traditional field of the textile industry. The mechanics of the said subject is presented, along with applications and discussions on practical examples, which render the book a standard reference work and also a useful tool for research workers in the field. Titles and contributors include: J.W.S. Hearle (The formation of textile structures, Mechanics of dense fibre assemblies), C.P. Buckley (Mechanical properties of fibres), J.J. Thwaites (A continuum model for yarn mechanics), G. Carnaby (The compression of fibrous assemblies, with applications to yarn mechanics), L. Phoenix (Statistical models for the tensile strength of yarns and cables), G. Leaf(Woven fabric tensile mechanics), S. Moghe (From fibres to woven fabrics), R.N. Hepworth (The mechanics of a model of plain weft-knitting), P. Grosberg (The bending of yarns and plain woven fabrics), J. Skelton (Shear of woven fabrics, Tearing behaviour of woven fabrics, Mechanical properties of coated fabrics), S. de Jong and R, Postle (Energy optimisation methods in fabric mechanics), M. Konopasek (Classical elastica theory and its generalisations, Computational aspects of large deflection analysis of slender bodies, Textile applications of slender body mechanics), D.W. Lloyd (The analysis of complex fabric deformations), C. M. Leech (The dynamics of flexible filament assemblies), B. M. Chapman (Viscoelastic, frictional and structural effects in fabric wrinkling), S. Kawabata (Examination of effect of basic mechanical properties of fabrics on fabric hand), D.H. Page, R.S. Seth and J.H. de Grace (The elastic modulus of paper--The controlling mechanism), P. S. Theocaris and G.C. Papanicolaou (An introduction to the mechanics of fibre-reinforced composites), S. K. Clark (The role of textiles in pneumatic tires), R. Blum (Mechanics of fabrics in pneumatic structures), J. P. Giroud (Behaviour of geotextiles). Extensive tutorial discussions are given at the end of the book. S. A. PAIPETIS
Fracture Mechanics on Design and Service. Royal Society of London. 1981. pp. 239.
ISBN 0 85403 152 9. Price: £23.00. This book contains the proceedings of a Discussion Meeting organised by the Royal Society and held in December 1979. The opening remarks by Sir Hugh Ford make it clear that the aim of the meeting was to take stock of established fracture mechanics
BOOK REVIEWS
Composite Structures. Edited by I.H. Marshall. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Composite Structures, held at Paisley College of Technology, Scotland. 16-18 September 1981, organised in association with the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and the National Engineering Laboratory. Applied Science Publishers, London. 1981. pp. 738. ISBN 0-85334-988-6. Price: £65.00. The book contains a total of 48 papers, presented at the 18 sessions of the above Conference, all covering very important subjects in a most important area. In the plenary session two papers were presented: one by R. M. Jones (USA), 'Composite Materials Education in the United States' and one by J. Humphreys (England), 'Engineering Plastics--Some Factors Affecting Technology Transfer'. The second session was entitled Bolted Connections, and the three papers presented were 'Analysis of the Shearout Failure Mode in Composite Bolted Joints' by D. W. Wilson and R. Byron Pipes (USA), 'Stress and Strength Analysis of Bolted Joints in Composite Laminates', by S. R. Soni (USA) and 'Some Environmental and Geometric Effects on the Static Strength of Graphite Cloth Epoxy Bolted Joints' by J.A. Bailie, L. M. Fisher, S.A. Howard and K.G. Perry (USA). Environmental Effects was the subject of the third session and the following papers were presented: 'The Stress-Rupture Behaviour of GRP Laminates in Aqueous Environments' by R.C. Wyatt, L.S. Norwood and M.G. Phillips (England), 'Water Absorption by Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Resin' by P. Bonniau and A.R. Bunsell (France) and 'Failure of GRP in Corrosive Environments' by P.J. Hogg, D. Hull and M.J. Legg (England). Research and Development was dealt with in four sessions: The first, Analytical Studies comprised the following papers: 'Large Deflection Analysis of Bimodular Cross-ply Strips' by G.J. Turvey (England), 'Analysis of Thermally Stressed Variable Thickness Composite Discs--a CAD Technique' by D. G. Gorman and J. P. Huissoon (Ireland), 'Optimization of Laminated Shells with Multiple Loading Conditions and Fabrication Constraints' by R. T. Brown and J. A. Nachlas (USA). 313 Fibre Science and Technology (16) (1982)--© Applied Science Publishers Ltd, England, 1982
Printed in Great Britain
314
BOOK REVIEWS
The second session, Marine Applications, included 'Recent Developments in Polyester Matrices and Reinforcements for Marine Applications, in Particular Polyester/Kevlar Composites' by L. S. Norwood and A. Marchant (England), 'The Testing and Analysis of Novel Top-Hat Stiffener Fabrication Methods for Use in GRP Ships' by A. K. Green and W. H. Bowyer (England) and 'The Development of Improved FRP Laminates for Ship Hull Construction' by J. Bird and R. C. Allan (Scotland). The following papers made up the session on Modelling Techniques: 'Development of Cylindrically Orthotropic Model Material for Transmission Photoelasticity' by P.K. Sinha and B.L. Dhoopar (India), 'Photoelastic Techniques for the Complete Determination of Stresses in Composite Structures' by R. Prabhakaran (India) and 'A Boundary Layer Approach to the Calculation of Transverse Stresses Along the Free Edges of a Symmetric Laminated Plate of Arbitrary Width Under In-Plane Loading' by D. Engrand (France). Finally, the fourth session on Research and Development consisted of one paper: 'Nonlinear Response of Angle-Ply Laminated Plates to Random Loads' by C. Mei and K. R. Wentz (USA). Physical and Mechanical Characteristics was the theme of three sessions, in which the following papers were presented: 'On the Orthotropic Elastic Behaviour of a Rubber Composite' by A. P. S. Selvadurai (Canada) and N. Moutafis (England), 'The Viscoelastic Response of a Graphite/Epoxy Laminate' by H. F. Brinson, D. H. Morris, W. I. Griffith and D. Dillard (USA), 'Viscoelastic Properties of Composite Materials' by A. Cardon and C1. Hiel (Belgium), 'The Effect of Thermal Strains on the Microcracking and Stress Corrosion Behaviour of GRP' by F. R. Jones, A. R. Wheatley and J. E. Bailey (England), 'Electrically Conductive Prepreg Systems' by G.L. Patz (USA) and 'Effects of Elastomeric Additives on the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin and Composite Systems' by R.J. Moulton and R.Y. Ting. Two sessions dealt with Structural Analysis. Papers presented at the first session, Platework Systems, were: 'Advances in Vibration, Buckling and Postbuckling Studies on Composite Plates' by A. W, Leissa (USA), 'On the Use of the Effective Width Concept for Composite Plates' by J. Rhodes and I. H. Marshall (Scotland) and 'Unsymmetrical Buckling of Laterally Loaded, Thin, Initially Imperfect Orthotropic Plates' by I. H. Marshall (Scotland). The second session, Structural Systems, consisted of: 'The Effect of Mode Interaction in Orthotropic Fibre Reinforced Composite Plain Channel Section Columns, by A. R. Upadhya (India) and J. Loughlan (England), 'The Stability Analysis of a Continuum/Skeletal Fibre Matrix System' by V. G. Ishakian and L. Holloway (England) and 'The Postbuckling Behaviour of Composite Box Sections' by W. M. Banks and J. Rhodes (Scotland). Finally, one session was devoted to each of the following subjects with the respective titles: Structural Et,aluation Techniques: 'Analysis of Composite Materials by Dynamic Thermomechanometry' by P. Burroughs and J.N. Leckenby (England),
BOOK REVIEWS
315
'Evaluation of Composite Structures by Stress-Wave-Factor and Acoustic Emission' by A. T. Green (USA) and 'Vibration Testing of Composite Materials' by J.L. Wearing and C. Patterson (England). Design: 'A Minimum Energy Composite Automobile' by R. M. McLay, J. Buckley, T. Floyd and D. Viens (USA), 'Structures in Reinforced Composites' by W.S. Carswell (Scotland) and 'Properties and Performance of GRC', by B.A. Proctor (England). Experimental Studies: 'Buckling of Platestrips--An Evaluation of Six CarbonEpoxy Laminates' by J.F.M. Wiggenraad (The Netherlands), 'The Damage Tolerance of High Performance Composites' by R.J. Lee and D.C. Phillips (England), 'Tensile Fatigue Assessment of Candidate Resins for Use in Fibre Reinforced Composite Repair Schemes' by D. P. Bashford, A.K. Green, K.F. Rogers and D.M. Kingston-Lee (England) and 'Temperature Increase in SMC Fatigue Testing' by S. V. Hoa and S. Lin (Canada). Fabrication Studies Including Natural Fibre Composites: 'A Unique Approach to Fabricating Precision Space Structure Elements' by H. Cohan and R. R. Johnson (USA), 'Manufacturing Methods for Carbon Fiber/Polyimide Matrix Composites' by W.C. Mace (USA), 'The Use of Natural Organic Fibres in Cement: Some Structural Considerations' by D. G. Swift (Kenya) and 'On the Possibility of Using Natural Fibre Composites' by K.G. Satyanarayana, A.G. Kulkarni, K. Sukumaran, S. G. K. Pillai, K.A. Cherian and P. K. Rohatgi (India). Fracture and Failure Analysis: 'Stress Intensity Factor Measurements in Composite Sandwich Structures' by I. Roman, H. Harel and G. Marom (Israel) and 'Progressive Failure Model for Advanced Composite Laminates Containing a Circular Hole' by D.Y. Konishi, K.H. Lo and E. M. Wu (USA). Finite Element Studies." 'A Comparison of the Failure Pressure as Predicted by Finite Element Stress Analysis with the Results of Full Scale Burst Tests on GRP Flanges' by A. Muscati and R. Bradford (England) and 'Elastic-Plastic Flexural Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates by the Finite Element Method' by F. F. Mahmoud (Egypt). The book covers wide areas of the science of composite materials and structures and it is natural that the impressive volume of information contained therein is of considerable interest to many specialists. Mechanical, structural, chemical and marine engineers, material scientists, etc., working either in research, development or in engineering practice will find important applications in their respective fields of interest. Quite a number of analytical and numerical tools are respectively used, as well as nearly all methods of experimental stress analysis and testing methodology. In other words, the book appears to be a 'must' for anyone related in any manner with the area of composites and composite structures. The reviewer considers the fact that eminent colleagues urged him to get hold of the book, long before this review was assigned to him, as strongly supporting this latter view. S. A. PAIPETIS
316
BOOK REVIEWS
Mechanics of Flexible Fibre Assemblies. Edited by J. W. S. Hearle, J.J. Thwaites and J. Amirbayat. No.38, NATO Advanced Study Institute Series: Applied Science, Sijthoff & Noordhoff Int. Publishers B.V., The Netherlands. 1980. pp. 663.
This book covers an interesting area in material science, in which recently important engineering applications have been developed beyond the traditional field of the textile industry. The mechanics of the said subject is presented, along with applications and discussions on practical examples, which render the book a standard reference work and also a useful tool for research workers in the field. Titles and contributors include: J.W.S. Hearle (The formation of textile structures, Mechanics of dense fibre assemblies), C.P. Buckley (Mechanical properties of fibres), J.J. Thwaites (A continuum model for yarn mechanics), G. Carnaby (The compression of fibrous assemblies, with applications to yarn mechanics), L. Phoenix (Statistical models for the tensile strength of yarns and cables), G. Leaf(Woven fabric tensile mechanics), S. Moghe (From fibres to woven fabrics), R.N. Hepworth (The mechanics of a model of plain weft-knitting), P. Grosberg (The bending of yarns and plain woven fabrics), J. Skelton (Shear of woven fabrics, Tearing behaviour of woven fabrics, Mechanical properties of coated fabrics), S. de Jong and R, Postle (Energy optimisation methods in fabric mechanics), M. Konopasek (Classical elastica theory and its generalisations, Computational aspects of large deflection analysis of slender bodies, Textile applications of slender body mechanics), D.W. Lloyd (The analysis of complex fabric deformations), C. M. Leech (The dynamics of flexible filament assemblies), B. M. Chapman (Viscoelastic, frictional and structural effects in fabric wrinkling), S. Kawabata (Examination of effect of basic mechanical properties of fabrics on fabric hand), D.H. Page, R.S. Seth and J.H. de Grace (The elastic modulus of paper--The controlling mechanism), P. S. Theocaris and G.C. Papanicolaou (An introduction to the mechanics of fibre-reinforced composites), S. K. Clark (The role of textiles in pneumatic tires), R. Blum (Mechanics of fabrics in pneumatic structures), J. P. Giroud (Behaviour of geotextiles). Extensive tutorial discussions are given at the end of the book. S. A. PAIPETIS
Fracture Mechanics on Design and Service. Royal Society of London. 1981. pp. 239.
ISBN 0 85403 152 9. Price: £23.00. This book contains the proceedings of a Discussion Meeting organised by the Royal Society and held in December 1979. The opening remarks by Sir Hugh Ford make it clear that the aim of the meeting was to take stock of established fracture mechanics