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Compressibility of unconsolidated, arkosic oil sands
201A
SAWABINI, CT UNIV.:~UI~ERN CALIF.LOS ANgELES,USA CHILIIr~AR,GV UNIV.:EYJTHERN CALIF.LOS AN~.w~RS,USA ALTF.NI]~ Compressibility of ur~or~clldated, arkoslc oli sa~Is. IIF~ 31R. SOC.PEUROLEY~ ENGRS.J.VIh~N2:APR.1974, P132-139. The results of compaction tests on ii uncor~ol/dated fine to medi~m-~rained, arkosic s~nd mores are presezted. Direct m~asr~rements of the ;~ore fluid pressure and bulk v o l ~ e charges of each sample were made as the pore flttlds were z
1987 LCX4E~J TIPPETTS, A I ~.-q'f,MCCARTHY, COLX3MBIA~U&~ New concepts in consolidation and settlement ~malysis. 32F, 1T, 5R. J.GEOTECH. ENGNG.DIV.V100, G~6,1974, P574-612. During eons~lidation~ a silt or clay soil follows a strain-ir~cer~ramAlar presm.trs path d i f f e r e n t from the path asst~ed in the Terzaghi Consolidation Theory. ~nis paper describes modifications %o the Terz~ghl Theor~ in order thzt actual consolidation ir the laboratory and in the f~e!d sc~e rel~esented. The Terzaghi Theory is .modified for dissipation of hydrostatic P~xcess l~essure. Definitions are given for the v~i~ious types of preconsolidation loads.
Geology ~88 BUR.REC~.G~L~L.MIN. Review of primcipal scientific amd technical results of. National Geological Service fcm 197q. In French. Figs,Tabls,Refs. EEl. BUR. R E C E S S GEOL.MIN. SECT. 2, NI,1974, P!-L21. The review is an a c c ~ a t i o n of short stw~ries presen" ted to researchers in various aspects of geology. The areas covered are as foll~s: I. Cartography, 2. Regional Geology; 3. S~r~tigrsl~, ~. Sedimentology; 5. ~z~rins Geology; 6. Petrology; 7. Geophysics and Petrophysics; 8. Geochemistry; 9. Gitolo~y; i0. Mineralogy; ii. Hydrology and Hydrogeolo~y; 12. Pollution ar~ Environment; 13. Geotechnieal Stifles; 14. Geothermal St1~lJes; 15. Documentation; amd 16. Sub~ect Index. In the geote~h:dcal sectio.~ the following abstracts of research csl~:ied out during i~(3 are l~resented: i. M.Humbmrt~ Cartogral~hic~l rel~-esen~ation of stresses in connection with urbanisatlor~ 2. C.Louis~ }~Iraulics of rocks~ theoretical approsch. Applies#ions in Civil Engineering zr~ Mini.ng; 3. J.LoDessenne~ stability and mechanical properties :~ rocks. 4. J.L.Dessnne~ C.Imuis~ P.Mas~re~ J.Pirauol, Rock Mechanics ap!~ied to ttndergroumd structures; 5. D. Charpentder, utilization of sotmding in exploration of ar£illaceous terrains; 6. E.Michalski, Thermal consolidation of soils.
Tectonic processes AU, CK RAcA~ INS'/.FHYS.HEBRE~ U~-/V.IL SHAHAM,J RACAH INST.PHYS.HEBR~ UNIV.!L Elast.~c energy a~d plate teetordcs. 2F,8R. NATURE, V250, N5~3,19 JULY, 1974, P211-213. A 61~bal, quadrulxxlar nm~har~cal a,~ulysi~ of the energy stor~i in earth based on K,.~econcel~ of a reference elastic diatc.-tion, has shown that q~drupolar ~ont~nental drift could bs t u n d ~ o o d as re~ulting from a yielding ~rocess which ~pcrates as a consequence of the elastic energy in the earth. Besides elastic ene'-gy~, the,,.-ms.l, stresses amd thermal convection also play an important role. The paper is a ~relimir~xV
report of the calculations used to define ir detail the extent to which the elastic energy reduction Irinciple can explain the ccntinental drift.
Tectonic stress and strain ~/RCHIBAID,JF QUEENS UNIV.KINGSTON, CDN ConcelY~s of stress ard energy trsA~sfer in violent rock f ailure.Thesis .Figs,Takls,Ref s • MSC THESIS, QUEENS UNIV.C~ADA,1973.
Ea rthquake mechanisms and effects See also abstrs~ts: 1948,2060.
1991 YEGULALP,TM KUO,JT S t a t i s t i c a l pr~dlctien of the occurrence of naxlm~ m~&nitude earthquakes. 13F,4T,12~. SEI~0L. S0C.AMEE.BtTLL.V64,N2, APPIL,1974, P393-414. This paper intends t o improve e a r l y r e s ult s f o r the s t a t i s t i c a l l ~ e d l c t i o n of %he o c c ~ n c e of maxim~n magnitude earthqua~s, and t o show the p r e d i c t a b i l i t y of the regionsl occurrmnce of maximummagnitude earthquakes for the period 1953 to 1965 by using the seismicity dsta for 1904 to 1952. The ~wo sets of the seismicity dsta of Gutenberg and Richter (1954) ar~ Richter (1958), and that of Rothe (1972)are fotmd to be statistically stable. On the basis of the l~cesenb ccm~plet(: daba for 1904 to 1965, predi.-ted maximum magnitudes in each of h6 regions, for the return periods of 20, 50 ard i00 yeara~ are gi'cmn.
1992 ~ITMEIER, E Increase of freedom from interference of lomg period seismographs.- Studies based on a critical s_nalysis of the effects and the transmission of interferences. In G erman.Fig s,Tahl s,Ref s. AKAD~MIE D ~ W I S S E N S C H A ~ N DER DDR.ZENTRALINST.FUER FHYSIK DER ERDE, POTSDAM,1973,199P.
1993 AKI, K BOUCHON, M REASENI~RG, P Seismic source function for an undergrour~ nuclear rvxplosion. 10FI 3T,48R. SEI~OL. SOC.AMER. BULL .V64,NI,FEB. 1974, P131-148. The reduced displacement potential obtained from closein observation of seismic displacement durirg an underground explosion um,~lly takes the form of a step function with or without a small overshoot. Theoretical prediction by shock wave calculation appears to agree with the close-in data. The step function source has also been supported by the observations on Rayleigh waves at periods lo~ger than l0 sees. Some inconsistency has been fourd by the authors between the published data on residual potentials obtained from close-in data and those on seismic moments obtained from lor~ period Rs~leigh waves. It appears that only about i/3 of the residual potential is transmitted to the far field at long periods. New observations of the two ETS events at distances 2.6 to 7.8 km using wide dynamic range, wide band accelerometers, comhirmd with data from the far-fleld, support a large overshoot 4%o 5 times the residual valUe. The compaction of the source volume by spalling was suggested as a possible mechanism for the large overshoot.
SAWABINI, CT UNIV.:~UI~ERN CALIF.LOS ANgELES,USA CHILIIr~AR,GV UNIV.:EYJTHERN CALIF.LOS AN~.w~RS,USA ALTF.NI]~ Compressibility of ur~or~clldated, arkoslc oli sa~Is. IIF~ 31R. SOC.PEUROLEY~ ENGRS.J.VIh~N2:APR.1974, P132-139. The results of compaction tests on ii uncor~ol/dated fine to medi~m-~rained, arkosic s~nd mores are presezted. Direct m~asr~rements of the ;~ore fluid pressure and bulk v o l ~ e charges of each sample were made as the pore flttlds were z
1987 LCX4E~J TIPPETTS, A I ~.-q'f,MCCARTHY, COLX3MBIA~U&~ New concepts in consolidation and settlement ~malysis. 32F, 1T, 5R. J.GEOTECH. ENGNG.DIV.V100, G~6,1974, P574-612. During eons~lidation~ a silt or clay soil follows a strain-ir~cer~ramAlar presm.trs path d i f f e r e n t from the path asst~ed in the Terzaghi Consolidation Theory. ~nis paper describes modifications %o the Terz~ghl Theor~ in order thzt actual consolidation ir the laboratory and in the f~e!d sc~e rel~esented. The Terzaghi Theory is .modified for dissipation of hydrostatic P~xcess l~essure. Definitions are given for the v~i~ious types of preconsolidation loads.
Geology ~88 BUR.REC~.G~L~L.MIN. Review of primcipal scientific amd technical results of. National Geological Service fcm 197q. In French. Figs,Tabls,Refs. EEl. BUR. R E C E S S GEOL.MIN. SECT. 2, NI,1974, P!-L21. The review is an a c c ~ a t i o n of short stw~ries presen" ted to researchers in various aspects of geology. The areas covered are as foll~s: I. Cartography, 2. Regional Geology; 3. S~r~tigrsl~, ~. Sedimentology; 5. ~z~rins Geology; 6. Petrology; 7. Geophysics and Petrophysics; 8. Geochemistry; 9. Gitolo~y; i0. Mineralogy; ii. Hydrology and Hydrogeolo~y; 12. Pollution ar~ Environment; 13. Geotechnieal Stifles; 14. Geothermal St1~lJes; 15. Documentation; amd 16. Sub~ect Index. In the geote~h:dcal sectio.~ the following abstracts of research csl~:ied out during i~(3 are l~resented: i. M.Humbmrt~ Cartogral~hic~l rel~-esen~ation of stresses in connection with urbanisatlor~ 2. C.Louis~ }~Iraulics of rocks~ theoretical approsch. Applies#ions in Civil Engineering zr~ Mini.ng; 3. J.LoDessenne~ stability and mechanical properties :~ rocks. 4. J.L.Dessnne~ C.Imuis~ P.Mas~re~ J.Pirauol, Rock Mechanics ap!~ied to ttndergroumd structures; 5. D. Charpentder, utilization of sotmding in exploration of ar£illaceous terrains; 6. E.Michalski, Thermal consolidation of soils.
Tectonic processes AU, CK RAcA~ INS'/.FHYS.HEBRE~ U~-/V.IL SHAHAM,J RACAH INST.PHYS.HEBR~ UNIV.!L Elast.~c energy a~d plate teetordcs. 2F,8R. NATURE, V250, N5~3,19 JULY, 1974, P211-213. A 61~bal, quadrulxxlar nm~har~cal a,~ulysi~ of the energy stor~i in earth based on K,.~econcel~ of a reference elastic diatc.-tion, has shown that q~drupolar ~ont~nental drift could bs t u n d ~ o o d as re~ulting from a yielding ~rocess which ~pcrates as a consequence of the elastic energy in the earth. Besides elastic ene'-gy~, the,,.-ms.l, stresses amd thermal convection also play an important role. The paper is a ~relimir~xV
report of the calculations used to define ir detail the extent to which the elastic energy reduction Irinciple can explain the ccntinental drift.
Tectonic stress and strain ~/RCHIBAID,JF QUEENS UNIV.KINGSTON, CDN ConcelY~s of stress ard energy trsA~sfer in violent rock f ailure.Thesis .Figs,Takls,Ref s • MSC THESIS, QUEENS UNIV.C~ADA,1973.
Ea rthquake mechanisms and effects See also abstrs~ts: 1948,2060.
1991 YEGULALP,TM KUO,JT S t a t i s t i c a l pr~dlctien of the occurrence of naxlm~ m~&nitude earthquakes. 13F,4T,12~. SEI~0L. S0C.AMEE.BtTLL.V64,N2, APPIL,1974, P393-414. This paper intends t o improve e a r l y r e s ult s f o r the s t a t i s t i c a l l ~ e d l c t i o n of %he o c c ~ n c e of maxim~n magnitude earthqua~s, and t o show the p r e d i c t a b i l i t y of the regionsl occurrmnce of maximummagnitude earthquakes for the period 1953 to 1965 by using the seismicity dsta for 1904 to 1952. The ~wo sets of the seismicity dsta of Gutenberg and Richter (1954) ar~ Richter (1958), and that of Rothe (1972)are fotmd to be statistically stable. On the basis of the l~cesenb ccm~plet(: daba for 1904 to 1965, predi.-ted maximum magnitudes in each of h6 regions, for the return periods of 20, 50 ard i00 yeara~ are gi'cmn.
1992 ~ITMEIER, E Increase of freedom from interference of lomg period seismographs.- Studies based on a critical s_nalysis of the effects and the transmission of interferences. In G erman.Fig s,Tahl s,Ref s. AKAD~MIE D ~ W I S S E N S C H A ~ N DER DDR.ZENTRALINST.FUER FHYSIK DER ERDE, POTSDAM,1973,199P.
1993 AKI, K BOUCHON, M REASENI~RG, P Seismic source function for an undergrour~ nuclear rvxplosion. 10FI 3T,48R. SEI~OL. SOC.AMER. BULL .V64,NI,FEB. 1974, P131-148. The reduced displacement potential obtained from closein observation of seismic displacement durirg an underground explosion um,~lly takes the form of a step function with or without a small overshoot. Theoretical prediction by shock wave calculation appears to agree with the close-in data. The step function source has also been supported by the observations on Rayleigh waves at periods lo~ger than l0 sees. Some inconsistency has been fourd by the authors between the published data on residual potentials obtained from close-in data and those on seismic moments obtained from lor~ period Rs~leigh waves. It appears that only about i/3 of the residual potential is transmitted to the far field at long periods. New observations of the two ETS events at distances 2.6 to 7.8 km using wide dynamic range, wide band accelerometers, comhirmd with data from the far-fleld, support a large overshoot 4%o 5 times the residual valUe. The compaction of the source volume by spalling was suggested as a possible mechanism for the large overshoot.