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Computer-aided kinetics for machine design
170
Book Reviews
ity background necessary for understanding the book is included in the appendixes; _ many important results and design procedures are presented as formal theorems or summarized in tables, allowing for rapid assimilation; _ problems are included that enable the reader to become familiar with design techniques and to extend concepts and design methods to less standard but practical situations. Contents: Introduction to Model Reference Adaptive Systems. The Design Problem for Model Reference Adaptive Systems. Basic Methods for Solving the Model Reference Adaptive System Design Problem. Design of Continuous-Time Model Reference Adaptive Systems Using the Hyperstability and Positivity Approaches. Design of Discrete-Time Model Reference Adaptive Systems. Adaptive Model-Following Control Systems. Parametric Identification Using Model Reference Adaptive Systems. Simultaneous Adaptive State Observation and Parameter Identification. Appendix A: Stability. Appendix B: Positive Dynamic Systems. Appendix C: Hyperstability. Appendix D: Solutions for an Integral Inequality. P. Nash: Systems Model& and Optimisation. Peter Peregrinus Ltd. Book Publishing Department, Southgate House, P.O. Box 8, Stevenage, Herts SGI IHQ, 1981, 224 pages. UK El4.15, USA $43.00, elsewhere E17.00. ISBN 0 906048 63 X. An introductory survey of optimisation theory and method, and a number of case-studies illustrating their application to models of different systems are presented in this book. The em.phasis in the case-studies is as much on the process of building the model and implementing the results as on solving specific optimisation problems. Chapters 1-5 introduce the fields of nonlinear programming, dynamic optimisation, linear programming and decomposition. Mathematical programming is introduced via necessary and sufficient optimality conditions and the theory of Lagrange multipliers. A number of different types of algorithm are surveyed, notably conjugate gradients and quasi-Newton methods for unconstrained optimisation. Decomposition methods and the role within them of Lagrangian theory are discussed. The discussion of linear programming
starts with the revised simplex algorithm-&d includes post-optimality analysis and decomposition via the Dantzig-Wolfe algorithm. The chapter on dynamic optimisation surveys the classical calculus of variations and optimal control theory and includes the Euler equations, the maximum principles and dynamic programming. The case studies in Chapters 6-9 illustrate the application of this theory to problems as diverse as control of economic systems, control of petrochemical plants, reservoir control and modelling the market for coal. Considerable attention is paid in the case-studies to the process of model formulation and how this process is affected by the use to which the model is to be put and the solution techniques available. The penultimate chapter is devoted entirely to this aspect of modelling and discusses studies of the role of the telecommunications in less developed countries. The essential output of models for optimisation applications is decisions and implementation of these decisions implies some sort of belief in the model that generated them. The final chapter is devoted to the question of where this belief comes from and discusses formal and informal techniques of model evaluation and criteria by which models can be judged. D.L. Ryan: Computer-Aided Kinetics for Machine Design. Marcel Dekker, Verlag, AG, Postfach 34, CH-4010 Basel, 1981, 288 pages, SFr. 74.00. ISBN 0-8247-1421-O. Computer-aided design (CAD and its impact upon manufacturing and production in industry is one of the revolutionary concepts of the 20th century. Computer-aided graphics data bases supply the initial information for the eventual production of a machine part by a computer-controlled machine tool, and computer-aided kinetics produce more effective applications than manual/ analytical methods. Computer-Aided Kinetics for Machine Design meets the well-established need for a text that introduces mechanical engineering students and professionals in the field to computer-aided design of machine elements and its relation to computeraided graphics. Lucidly written by a leading expert in the field, the classroom-tested material in this
Book Reviews
boo1 develops the student’s ability to implement computer-aided design programs and create new programs for a wide variety of engineering, manufacturing, and production problems. The only textbook of its kind to feature a new concept entitled ‘programming segments’, the book explains, in simplified terms, the fundamental concepts of kinematics, machine element design, and computer display devices. Illustrative computergenerated examples vividly show the relationship among computer graphics, engineering graphics, and computer programming. Numerous computer-aided design examples used by American industry highlight this presentation. A complete bibliography is provided at the end of each chapter for further study. Well organized and profusely illustrated, Computer-Aided Kinetics for Machine Design is an excellent textbook for computer-aided engineering graphics and design courses and an invaluable reference for mechanical and industrial engineers. A background in kinematics and the design of machine elements is required for the most successful use of this book. Contents: Introduction. Computer display of machine motion. Computer-aided velocity analysis for CRT display’s. Interactive accelaration analysis. Computer-aided linkage design. Computer generation of transmission paths. Gears and cams. Computer-aided design of flexible connectors. Computer-matched machine elements. Computeraided Combination of machine elements in the design of working machinery. C. Tropper: Local Computer Network Technologies. Academic Press, New York, London, 1981, 176 pages, $19.50. ISBN 0-12-700850-O. This book synthesizes the considerable amount of work done on developing link access protocols for ring and bus computer-communication networks to provide a systematic discussion of both the protocols as well as their associated performance models. The introductory section explains the reasons behind the great interest in local computer networks, both technical and economic, i.e., ever cheaper processing capability, office-of-the future, distributed processing, etc. The book is then di-
171
vided into two sections: the first describes ring protocols which is then followed by a ‘bus section’. The sections follow the same format. Each begins with a description of the protocols, followed by a (major) subsection devoted to the performance modeling of the protocols. The next subsection compares the performance of the protocols (to the extent that this is possible) and concludes with a description of the assumptions and weaknesses of the models themselves. Protocols described in the ring section include the Newhall (accompanied by a description of MININET), Pierce (accompanied by a description of Bell Labs’ Spider network), Ohio State’s DLCN and DDLCN, and the “the Oregon State Loop”. The bus section opens with a brief summary of the “classical work done on the ALOHA and CSMA protocols by Kleinrock and his students, and includes a description of the fundamental delay, throughout, and stability trade-off inherent to this category of bus protocols. It then proceeds to a description of such conflict-free schemes as BRAM, GSMA, DIN, etc., and closes with a description of the existing URN protocol. Contents: A Perspective: Introduction; An Attempted Definition of a Local Computer Network. Ring Network Performance Models: Introduction; Loop Access Protocols; Models; The Newhall Loop; MININET; The Pierce Loop and Its Relatives; DLCN; DDLCN; Oregon State Loop; Modeling of Ring NetworksConcluding Thoughts. Bus Networks: Introduction; Channel Access Techniques; Review of Classic Models; Hyperchannel-A CSMA Nodal Priority Access Scheme; Conflict-Free Reservation Schemes; MSAP; The Columbia Protocol; BRAM; MLMA; GSMA; DYN; The Urn Scheme. Modeling of Bus Networks-Concluding Thoughts: Comparison of Access Protocols; Performance Models of Access Protocols. References. Index. A. Bensoussan: Stochastic Control by Functional Analysis Methods. North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1982, 410 pages, $58.25. ISBN O-444-864329-X. This book is an advanced text on stochastic control. It is self-contained and presents most of the results on stochastic control, relying on func-
Book Reviews
ity background necessary for understanding the book is included in the appendixes; _ many important results and design procedures are presented as formal theorems or summarized in tables, allowing for rapid assimilation; _ problems are included that enable the reader to become familiar with design techniques and to extend concepts and design methods to less standard but practical situations. Contents: Introduction to Model Reference Adaptive Systems. The Design Problem for Model Reference Adaptive Systems. Basic Methods for Solving the Model Reference Adaptive System Design Problem. Design of Continuous-Time Model Reference Adaptive Systems Using the Hyperstability and Positivity Approaches. Design of Discrete-Time Model Reference Adaptive Systems. Adaptive Model-Following Control Systems. Parametric Identification Using Model Reference Adaptive Systems. Simultaneous Adaptive State Observation and Parameter Identification. Appendix A: Stability. Appendix B: Positive Dynamic Systems. Appendix C: Hyperstability. Appendix D: Solutions for an Integral Inequality. P. Nash: Systems Model& and Optimisation. Peter Peregrinus Ltd. Book Publishing Department, Southgate House, P.O. Box 8, Stevenage, Herts SGI IHQ, 1981, 224 pages. UK El4.15, USA $43.00, elsewhere E17.00. ISBN 0 906048 63 X. An introductory survey of optimisation theory and method, and a number of case-studies illustrating their application to models of different systems are presented in this book. The em.phasis in the case-studies is as much on the process of building the model and implementing the results as on solving specific optimisation problems. Chapters 1-5 introduce the fields of nonlinear programming, dynamic optimisation, linear programming and decomposition. Mathematical programming is introduced via necessary and sufficient optimality conditions and the theory of Lagrange multipliers. A number of different types of algorithm are surveyed, notably conjugate gradients and quasi-Newton methods for unconstrained optimisation. Decomposition methods and the role within them of Lagrangian theory are discussed. The discussion of linear programming
starts with the revised simplex algorithm-&d includes post-optimality analysis and decomposition via the Dantzig-Wolfe algorithm. The chapter on dynamic optimisation surveys the classical calculus of variations and optimal control theory and includes the Euler equations, the maximum principles and dynamic programming. The case studies in Chapters 6-9 illustrate the application of this theory to problems as diverse as control of economic systems, control of petrochemical plants, reservoir control and modelling the market for coal. Considerable attention is paid in the case-studies to the process of model formulation and how this process is affected by the use to which the model is to be put and the solution techniques available. The penultimate chapter is devoted entirely to this aspect of modelling and discusses studies of the role of the telecommunications in less developed countries. The essential output of models for optimisation applications is decisions and implementation of these decisions implies some sort of belief in the model that generated them. The final chapter is devoted to the question of where this belief comes from and discusses formal and informal techniques of model evaluation and criteria by which models can be judged. D.L. Ryan: Computer-Aided Kinetics for Machine Design. Marcel Dekker, Verlag, AG, Postfach 34, CH-4010 Basel, 1981, 288 pages, SFr. 74.00. ISBN 0-8247-1421-O. Computer-aided design (CAD and its impact upon manufacturing and production in industry is one of the revolutionary concepts of the 20th century. Computer-aided graphics data bases supply the initial information for the eventual production of a machine part by a computer-controlled machine tool, and computer-aided kinetics produce more effective applications than manual/ analytical methods. Computer-Aided Kinetics for Machine Design meets the well-established need for a text that introduces mechanical engineering students and professionals in the field to computer-aided design of machine elements and its relation to computeraided graphics. Lucidly written by a leading expert in the field, the classroom-tested material in this
Book Reviews
boo1 develops the student’s ability to implement computer-aided design programs and create new programs for a wide variety of engineering, manufacturing, and production problems. The only textbook of its kind to feature a new concept entitled ‘programming segments’, the book explains, in simplified terms, the fundamental concepts of kinematics, machine element design, and computer display devices. Illustrative computergenerated examples vividly show the relationship among computer graphics, engineering graphics, and computer programming. Numerous computer-aided design examples used by American industry highlight this presentation. A complete bibliography is provided at the end of each chapter for further study. Well organized and profusely illustrated, Computer-Aided Kinetics for Machine Design is an excellent textbook for computer-aided engineering graphics and design courses and an invaluable reference for mechanical and industrial engineers. A background in kinematics and the design of machine elements is required for the most successful use of this book. Contents: Introduction. Computer display of machine motion. Computer-aided velocity analysis for CRT display’s. Interactive accelaration analysis. Computer-aided linkage design. Computer generation of transmission paths. Gears and cams. Computer-aided design of flexible connectors. Computer-matched machine elements. Computeraided Combination of machine elements in the design of working machinery. C. Tropper: Local Computer Network Technologies. Academic Press, New York, London, 1981, 176 pages, $19.50. ISBN 0-12-700850-O. This book synthesizes the considerable amount of work done on developing link access protocols for ring and bus computer-communication networks to provide a systematic discussion of both the protocols as well as their associated performance models. The introductory section explains the reasons behind the great interest in local computer networks, both technical and economic, i.e., ever cheaper processing capability, office-of-the future, distributed processing, etc. The book is then di-
171
vided into two sections: the first describes ring protocols which is then followed by a ‘bus section’. The sections follow the same format. Each begins with a description of the protocols, followed by a (major) subsection devoted to the performance modeling of the protocols. The next subsection compares the performance of the protocols (to the extent that this is possible) and concludes with a description of the assumptions and weaknesses of the models themselves. Protocols described in the ring section include the Newhall (accompanied by a description of MININET), Pierce (accompanied by a description of Bell Labs’ Spider network), Ohio State’s DLCN and DDLCN, and the “the Oregon State Loop”. The bus section opens with a brief summary of the “classical work done on the ALOHA and CSMA protocols by Kleinrock and his students, and includes a description of the fundamental delay, throughout, and stability trade-off inherent to this category of bus protocols. It then proceeds to a description of such conflict-free schemes as BRAM, GSMA, DIN, etc., and closes with a description of the existing URN protocol. Contents: A Perspective: Introduction; An Attempted Definition of a Local Computer Network. Ring Network Performance Models: Introduction; Loop Access Protocols; Models; The Newhall Loop; MININET; The Pierce Loop and Its Relatives; DLCN; DDLCN; Oregon State Loop; Modeling of Ring NetworksConcluding Thoughts. Bus Networks: Introduction; Channel Access Techniques; Review of Classic Models; Hyperchannel-A CSMA Nodal Priority Access Scheme; Conflict-Free Reservation Schemes; MSAP; The Columbia Protocol; BRAM; MLMA; GSMA; DYN; The Urn Scheme. Modeling of Bus Networks-Concluding Thoughts: Comparison of Access Protocols; Performance Models of Access Protocols. References. Index. A. Bensoussan: Stochastic Control by Functional Analysis Methods. North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1982, 410 pages, $58.25. ISBN O-444-864329-X. This book is an advanced text on stochastic control. It is self-contained and presents most of the results on stochastic control, relying on func-