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Computer Application and Social Impact of Automation
COMPUTER APPLICATION AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF AUTOMATI. ..
14th World Congress of IFAC
Copyright (t) I 999 IFAC 14tb Triennial World Congress~ Beijing, P.R. China
M-6c-Ol-2
CO-MPUTER APPLIC,ATION AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF AUTOMATION Bingzheng Gong The 6 rh Research Institute 01 MII, Beijing HUAS{JJV Computer Co.~Ltd P.O.BDX927 Beijing, ] ()()083 PRC, [email protected]~ Fax: 8610-62985315
Abstract: the paper briefly discussed the relationship be.t\~ieen computer application and autolllation , the social in1pact of automation. Proposed concept of cOlnputer-application-width and depth, popularization rate and coverage rate of conlputer-application~some suggestion for speed up. The developing of computer application is also presented. C:opyright (c) 1999 lFAC
Key\vord: computer application, Automation, social jDlpact, evaluation
1.
COMPUTER IS THE MOST ADV ANCED~ PERFECT TOOLS & EQUIPMENT FOR AUrrOMATION.
Computer has been the most advanced & perfect technical tools and cquiplnent for Automation. It provides hardware and software bases for various automation systen1s. According to functions and structure computer can be classified as the follo\-ving: a.
g. COlnputer
LAN, Intranet WAN
All the multifarious computer can be formed into various controners control system, management infonnation system, management-controlintegrated systetn~ and c.olnputer integrated [nanufacture systeln and enterprise net"vork system, and provide hard.. softv.rare compute sets of equipment for ilnplementing of automation systern. The software includes systeITI software, support softvl"are and application software.
2.
mjcro processor ,single-chip COlnputer~
network~
THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICA TION SYSTEM PROMOT~ES, A UTOMA TION ENTERING INTO DIFFE,RENT FIELD OF SOCIALITY*
single-board COlnputer; b. micro computer, embedded COlnputer;
c. singIe-cOlnputer systelTI: portable computer; desktop computer, Industry PC;
d. workstation: graphic \vorkstation;
The width and depth of automation is pro1noted further by development of computer app)ication:
e. server: enterprise server, departJnent server, workgroup server;
COInputer added design --Design Automation
f
Co!nputer added testing--Laboratory Autom-ation
multi-processing system: SMP" MIvlP, Distributed cOlnputer system;
Computer control process-----Production tOlnation; Manufacturing Automation
Au-
6576
Copyright 1999 IFAC
ISBN: 0 08 043248 4
COMPUTER APPLICATION AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF AUTOMATI. ..
14th World Congress of IFAC
Computer management ----- Management Autonlation
reduce 10% of current stock.
Computer business processing ---- Buslness Automation
3.3
capital~
decrease 20% of
i\1anagernent automation
COlnputer into factory ----Factory AutoInation Computer into laboratory ----laboratory Autolna-
tion COlnputer into oftlce----Office Automation
Computer into famUy----Home Automation Computer into different field: prOlTIotes automation in different economical departtnent, trades and professions;
Agricultural Autoluation Traffic Automation
Comlnercial autonlation etc.
THE TECHNICAL, ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL EFFE·CT OF A UTOMA TION
3.1 Design
3.4 Soc;al effect of autonlation
i\utomation can change enlploYlnent structure~ in some traditional industry blue-collars ~~orkers \.-vill be reduced, while new elnployment OpPoltunities, such as automatic devices In anufacture, systeITI integration software industry, information service industry, will be developed rapidly. Autolnation can change economic increment style. Traditional economy ,vi]] turn into knowledge economy; social insurance industry will be improved with the jncrement of economics. At present in C,hina econolnic reform caused some workers lose their job~ the re-employment project has been started, the third industry has absorbed many laid-off \:vorkers.
Industrial Autonlation
3.
To ilnprove management level and efficiency, to ilnprove market cOlnpetition po\ver, improve output and save maternal. There'll be obvious economic benefice. The ratio of input and output is ] :5.
Qutonla.tion
To shorten design period, e.g. CAD of mechanical product 1/3~ 1/2 of tilne shortened
4.
THE ME·ASL1REMENT OF E\'ALUATION WID1'H & DEPTH OF COMPUTER APPLICA TION
'To improve design efficiency, e.g. CAD of mechanical product 1/3--·] /2 of tin1e shortened
•
l~o
improve 3-..,5 times; CAD of electrical product, t.o irnprove ITIOre than 10 times
4. J Cotnpu.ter-application-lvidth
1~o
Computer-application-width, indicates the degree of the popularity of computer application.
900/0
'The level of computer-application-\vidth can be evaluated through the fo1]owing expressions.
improve design quality, e.g.: to make the probabHity of prosperity reach more than
3.2 production automatjon
Production automation can increase the quality of product, decrea.~e material and energy conslunption and improve productivity and output. Kiln-control can save 10% of energy and improve \vork addition; furnaces-- . . -control can save 25% of oil. The process-control \-viII ensure production technology optiJnized and stabilized. The rebound cycle is 1~2 years. COlTIputer integrated design. Systeln can reduce 1/3---1/2 of the delivery ti[ne~
Popularization rate of computer application. It means proportion number of computerized user-units in user unit in certain area /tleld to total nUll1ber of user unit in certain area/field. Number of computerized user unjts p
=
----------.------------------------------------
X 100%
Total number of u~er unit
For exalnple, the popularization rate of CNC, lnachine tools P CNC as follo\vs. P CNC =
Number of CNC systems -------------------._----------------------- X 1OO~u Total nurnber of machine tools
6577
Copyright 1999 IFAC
ISBN: 0 08 043248 4
COMPUTER APPLICATION AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF AUTOMATI. ..
14th World Congress ofIFAC
The popularization rate of "MIS" ,"CAD", "home computers" is as follows. Number of enterprises \vith P MlS=
NUlnber
X 100%
Total number of enterprises
Benefits and economical affect of computer application
Number of enterprises using "'CAD~' Pc.::..n = -------------~--------------------------------- X 100°/0 Total number of enterprises
The percentage of information economy in
GNB 5.
Nu!nber
offamily~
and its scope.
Degree of intelligence of COlnputer app-lication systelll. Range of popularizatjon of Artificial intelligence and Expert system.
~~MIS~~
------------------------------------------------
database~
using P(-:
p hon1 epc=---------------------------.. -------..-----.. ---- X 1 0O~O Total number of families
l'HE 'Jy'A YS OF INCREASING DEPTH & WIDTH OF A UTOMA TION & rrs SOCIAL IMPACT
Proposed following suggestion to speed up the \vidth and depth of automation
The amount of instalJed computer, degree of COlnputer networking.
The amount of installed cOlnputer can be expressed in several aspects~ for an enterprise, for a city, for each department of state econornY"l and for whole country .it indicates the degree of the popularity of computer application.
5.1 Speeding up development popularization of computer application The objecti ve development of popularization of COlTIputer application in china in 2000 amount of installed cornputers in China 16 million (now 8~9 million)
Degree of COlnputer netv.. .orking, it is defined .as the proportion of the number of computers connected to net",,·orks to the total number of computers installed.
popularization rate of CAD
N umber of con1puter in Net\vork C
= -----------------------------.. ----------------
X 100
%
Networks, nods
90~ 100%
P CAD :
30~50%
for large enterprises
for middle and small enterprises
popularization rate of MIS
TotaJ number of cornputer installed
NUlnber of
PCAD:
Pmis 90--- 100% for large enterprises Pmis 40.-50% for lnjddle and small enterprises
ofNet~;orks.
popularization rate of home computers 3·-.~j%
4.2 Con1puter-application-depth
for all country
10",-, 15 0/0 for SOlne large city
The degree of COlnputer application depth represents the quality., the technical level and function of computer appJjcation~ technical characteristics of software, data base~ kno\vledge base, depth of data processing~ econolnic effect system and social impact etc~
5.2 increase computer-application-depth and coverage rate ofcomputer application
coverage rate of CAD 80-900/0, for large enterprises 30~50%, for
Coverage rate of cornputer application
coverage rate of Business lnanagement
The coverage rate of COluputer application means the proportion rate of job cOlnpleted by COlnputer to total jobs. For
example~ coverage
information system 80--90%, for large enterprises
of CAD.
30--500/0, for Iniddle and stnall enterprises
•
Design vohnue completed by computer PCAD=----------------------------------------------- X 1OO~"() Total volUlne design
Copyright 1999 IFAC
lniddle and small enterprises
coverage rate for computer control system of industrial production equipment 70--80%, for large enterprises
6578
ISBN: 0 08 043248 4
COMPUTER APPLICATION AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF AUTOMATI. ..
20~30%,
for middle and small enterprise
REFRENCES
5.3 Expert force on leadership ofpopularization computer application
The government should work out a development plan for COlnputer application, as \vell as imp lell1entation the policy ~'to grow through application~', as weJl as establishment technical policy of instrumentation for computer application. 5.4 Strengthen construction ofinformation industry
(manufacturing hardware .sofnvare, i'?-formation service)
Organize research and developlnent for computer application technique and system integration typical application system set up research and development centers, commercial production base, bui~d up SOIne training centers and technical service centers. To offer customers computer equipment and technical server. 5.5 Speed up trailing oj'colnputer application automalion quallfied technicians in various ,",vays. Increase level of culture information all workers. 5.6 Enlarge exchange information and corporation lvith counterpart abroad
6.
•
14th World Congress of IFAC
Gong Bingzheng (1985)~A View of the Objective & Level of development computer application in 2000 year in china.Computer l~ecl1nology. No. 3,pp. 72-75. Gong Bingzheng (1988).The Ne\\' development computer application & its effcet and proposals for the further popularization.Computer Service. No. l.pp. 1-4. Gong Bingzheng (1990) .the developluent of cornputer application in China & abroad in the Eightjes. C.olnputer Engineering & Application. No.6.ppJ-S Gong Bingzheng (1992). Further discussion on computer application goals & levels set for the year 2000 in china.Computer Teclmology. No. 3,pp.l-5.
Gong Bingzheng (1995).On series & commercialization of computer application systems Proceeding 6 th congress Chinese Federation of COlnputers. Chongqing Education University Press Gong Bingzheng (1996). T'he Further promotion v\lidth & depth of Autolllation by COlnputer application.Autograph book/or establish china computer indust,~v 40 };ears pp. 79-80 ~rsinghua University Press
CONC.LUSION
Computer is the most advanced perfect tools equipment for automation Width & depth of automation and technical, economical effect of autOtnatlon are further promoted by the development of computer application The proposed measurement & evaluation \vidth & depth of COlnputer application are useful for popularizing the COlnputer
Gong Bingzbeng (1997)The devel~oplnentof computer application in China in the nineties Proceedings 4'h COf?{erence ofconlputer application. pp. 39-43 Elictronic Industry Press.
Gong Bingzheng (1998) the discuss of strategy and policy of informarization in China computer & comlnunication news May No.5.pp.11-12, 1998
application The proposed suggestion to speeding up the \vidth & depth of automation shou1d increase social impact automation not only for C~hina, but also for other developing countries. Autolnation can change econolllic increment style and enlployment structure.
6579
Copyright 1999 IFAC
ISBN: 0 08 043248 4
14th World Congress of IFAC
Copyright (t) I 999 IFAC 14tb Triennial World Congress~ Beijing, P.R. China
M-6c-Ol-2
CO-MPUTER APPLIC,ATION AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF AUTOMATION Bingzheng Gong The 6 rh Research Institute 01 MII, Beijing HUAS{JJV Computer Co.~Ltd P.O.BDX927 Beijing, ] ()()083 PRC, [email protected]~ Fax: 8610-62985315
Abstract: the paper briefly discussed the relationship be.t\~ieen computer application and autolllation , the social in1pact of automation. Proposed concept of cOlnputer-application-width and depth, popularization rate and coverage rate of conlputer-application~some suggestion for speed up. The developing of computer application is also presented. C:opyright (c) 1999 lFAC
Key\vord: computer application, Automation, social jDlpact, evaluation
1.
COMPUTER IS THE MOST ADV ANCED~ PERFECT TOOLS & EQUIPMENT FOR AUrrOMATION.
Computer has been the most advanced & perfect technical tools and cquiplnent for Automation. It provides hardware and software bases for various automation systen1s. According to functions and structure computer can be classified as the follo\-ving: a.
g. COlnputer
LAN, Intranet WAN
All the multifarious computer can be formed into various controners control system, management infonnation system, management-controlintegrated systetn~ and c.olnputer integrated [nanufacture systeln and enterprise net"vork system, and provide hard.. softv.rare compute sets of equipment for ilnplementing of automation systern. The software includes systeITI software, support softvl"are and application software.
2.
mjcro processor ,single-chip COlnputer~
network~
THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICA TION SYSTEM PROMOT~ES, A UTOMA TION ENTERING INTO DIFFE,RENT FIELD OF SOCIALITY*
single-board COlnputer; b. micro computer, embedded COlnputer;
c. singIe-cOlnputer systelTI: portable computer; desktop computer, Industry PC;
d. workstation: graphic \vorkstation;
The width and depth of automation is pro1noted further by development of computer app)ication:
e. server: enterprise server, departJnent server, workgroup server;
COInputer added design --Design Automation
f
Co!nputer added testing--Laboratory Autom-ation
multi-processing system: SMP" MIvlP, Distributed cOlnputer system;
Computer control process-----Production tOlnation; Manufacturing Automation
Au-
6576
Copyright 1999 IFAC
ISBN: 0 08 043248 4
COMPUTER APPLICATION AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF AUTOMATI. ..
14th World Congress of IFAC
Computer management ----- Management Autonlation
reduce 10% of current stock.
Computer business processing ---- Buslness Automation
3.3
capital~
decrease 20% of
i\1anagernent automation
COlnputer into factory ----Factory AutoInation Computer into laboratory ----laboratory Autolna-
tion COlnputer into oftlce----Office Automation
Computer into famUy----Home Automation Computer into different field: prOlTIotes automation in different economical departtnent, trades and professions;
Agricultural Autoluation Traffic Automation
Comlnercial autonlation etc.
THE TECHNICAL, ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL EFFE·CT OF A UTOMA TION
3.1 Design
3.4 Soc;al effect of autonlation
i\utomation can change enlploYlnent structure~ in some traditional industry blue-collars ~~orkers \.-vill be reduced, while new elnployment OpPoltunities, such as automatic devices In anufacture, systeITI integration software industry, information service industry, will be developed rapidly. Autolnation can change economic increment style. Traditional economy ,vi]] turn into knowledge economy; social insurance industry will be improved with the jncrement of economics. At present in C,hina econolnic reform caused some workers lose their job~ the re-employment project has been started, the third industry has absorbed many laid-off \:vorkers.
Industrial Autonlation
3.
To ilnprove management level and efficiency, to ilnprove market cOlnpetition po\ver, improve output and save maternal. There'll be obvious economic benefice. The ratio of input and output is ] :5.
Qutonla.tion
To shorten design period, e.g. CAD of mechanical product 1/3~ 1/2 of tilne shortened
4.
THE ME·ASL1REMENT OF E\'ALUATION WID1'H & DEPTH OF COMPUTER APPLICA TION
'To improve design efficiency, e.g. CAD of mechanical product 1/3--·] /2 of tin1e shortened
•
l~o
improve 3-..,5 times; CAD of electrical product, t.o irnprove ITIOre than 10 times
4. J Cotnpu.ter-application-lvidth
1~o
Computer-application-width, indicates the degree of the popularity of computer application.
900/0
'The level of computer-application-\vidth can be evaluated through the fo1]owing expressions.
improve design quality, e.g.: to make the probabHity of prosperity reach more than
3.2 production automatjon
Production automation can increase the quality of product, decrea.~e material and energy conslunption and improve productivity and output. Kiln-control can save 10% of energy and improve \vork addition; furnaces-- . . -control can save 25% of oil. The process-control \-viII ensure production technology optiJnized and stabilized. The rebound cycle is 1~2 years. COlTIputer integrated design. Systeln can reduce 1/3---1/2 of the delivery ti[ne~
Popularization rate of computer application. It means proportion number of computerized user-units in user unit in certain area /tleld to total nUll1ber of user unit in certain area/field. Number of computerized user unjts p
=
----------.------------------------------------
X 100%
Total number of u~er unit
For exalnple, the popularization rate of CNC, lnachine tools P CNC as follo\vs. P CNC =
Number of CNC systems -------------------._----------------------- X 1OO~u Total nurnber of machine tools
6577
Copyright 1999 IFAC
ISBN: 0 08 043248 4
COMPUTER APPLICATION AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF AUTOMATI. ..
14th World Congress ofIFAC
The popularization rate of "MIS" ,"CAD", "home computers" is as follows. Number of enterprises \vith P MlS=
NUlnber
X 100%
Total number of enterprises
Benefits and economical affect of computer application
Number of enterprises using "'CAD~' Pc.::..n = -------------~--------------------------------- X 100°/0 Total number of enterprises
The percentage of information economy in
GNB 5.
Nu!nber
offamily~
and its scope.
Degree of intelligence of COlnputer app-lication systelll. Range of popularizatjon of Artificial intelligence and Expert system.
~~MIS~~
------------------------------------------------
database~
using P(-:
p hon1 epc=---------------------------.. -------..-----.. ---- X 1 0O~O Total number of families
l'HE 'Jy'A YS OF INCREASING DEPTH & WIDTH OF A UTOMA TION & rrs SOCIAL IMPACT
Proposed following suggestion to speed up the \vidth and depth of automation
The amount of instalJed computer, degree of COlnputer networking.
The amount of installed cOlnputer can be expressed in several aspects~ for an enterprise, for a city, for each department of state econornY"l and for whole country .it indicates the degree of the popularity of computer application.
5.1 Speeding up development popularization of computer application The objecti ve development of popularization of COlTIputer application in china in 2000 amount of installed cornputers in China 16 million (now 8~9 million)
Degree of COlnputer netv.. .orking, it is defined .as the proportion of the number of computers connected to net",,·orks to the total number of computers installed.
popularization rate of CAD
N umber of con1puter in Net\vork C
= -----------------------------.. ----------------
X 100
%
Networks, nods
90~ 100%
P CAD :
30~50%
for large enterprises
for middle and small enterprises
popularization rate of MIS
TotaJ number of cornputer installed
NUlnber of
PCAD:
Pmis 90--- 100% for large enterprises Pmis 40.-50% for lnjddle and small enterprises
ofNet~;orks.
popularization rate of home computers 3·-.~j%
4.2 Con1puter-application-depth
for all country
10",-, 15 0/0 for SOlne large city
The degree of COlnputer application depth represents the quality., the technical level and function of computer appJjcation~ technical characteristics of software, data base~ kno\vledge base, depth of data processing~ econolnic effect system and social impact etc~
5.2 increase computer-application-depth and coverage rate ofcomputer application
coverage rate of CAD 80-900/0, for large enterprises 30~50%, for
Coverage rate of cornputer application
coverage rate of Business lnanagement
The coverage rate of COluputer application means the proportion rate of job cOlnpleted by COlnputer to total jobs. For
example~ coverage
information system 80--90%, for large enterprises
of CAD.
30--500/0, for Iniddle and stnall enterprises
•
Design vohnue completed by computer PCAD=----------------------------------------------- X 1OO~"() Total volUlne design
Copyright 1999 IFAC
lniddle and small enterprises
coverage rate for computer control system of industrial production equipment 70--80%, for large enterprises
6578
ISBN: 0 08 043248 4
COMPUTER APPLICATION AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF AUTOMATI. ..
20~30%,
for middle and small enterprise
REFRENCES
5.3 Expert force on leadership ofpopularization computer application
The government should work out a development plan for COlnputer application, as \vell as imp lell1entation the policy ~'to grow through application~', as weJl as establishment technical policy of instrumentation for computer application. 5.4 Strengthen construction ofinformation industry
(manufacturing hardware .sofnvare, i'?-formation service)
Organize research and developlnent for computer application technique and system integration typical application system set up research and development centers, commercial production base, bui~d up SOIne training centers and technical service centers. To offer customers computer equipment and technical server. 5.5 Speed up trailing oj'colnputer application automalion quallfied technicians in various ,",vays. Increase level of culture information all workers. 5.6 Enlarge exchange information and corporation lvith counterpart abroad
6.
•
14th World Congress of IFAC
Gong Bingzheng (1985)~A View of the Objective & Level of development computer application in 2000 year in china.Computer l~ecl1nology. No. 3,pp. 72-75. Gong Bingzheng (1988).The Ne\\' development computer application & its effcet and proposals for the further popularization.Computer Service. No. l.pp. 1-4. Gong Bingzheng (1990) .the developluent of cornputer application in China & abroad in the Eightjes. C.olnputer Engineering & Application. No.6.ppJ-S Gong Bingzheng (1992). Further discussion on computer application goals & levels set for the year 2000 in china.Computer Teclmology. No. 3,pp.l-5.
Gong Bingzheng (1995).On series & commercialization of computer application systems Proceeding 6 th congress Chinese Federation of COlnputers. Chongqing Education University Press Gong Bingzheng (1996). T'he Further promotion v\lidth & depth of Autolllation by COlnputer application.Autograph book/or establish china computer indust,~v 40 };ears pp. 79-80 ~rsinghua University Press
CONC.LUSION
Computer is the most advanced perfect tools equipment for automation Width & depth of automation and technical, economical effect of autOtnatlon are further promoted by the development of computer application The proposed measurement & evaluation \vidth & depth of COlnputer application are useful for popularizing the COlnputer
Gong Bingzbeng (1997)The devel~oplnentof computer application in China in the nineties Proceedings 4'h COf?{erence ofconlputer application. pp. 39-43 Elictronic Industry Press.
Gong Bingzheng (1998) the discuss of strategy and policy of informarization in China computer & comlnunication news May No.5.pp.11-12, 1998
application The proposed suggestion to speeding up the \vidth & depth of automation shou1d increase social impact automation not only for C~hina, but also for other developing countries. Autolnation can change econolllic increment style and enlployment structure.
6579
Copyright 1999 IFAC
ISBN: 0 08 043248 4