- Email: [email protected]
Computer applications in thermoregulatory research
Compur. hl. Med. Vol. 16, No Printed in Great Britain.
OillO- 4825186 $3.00 + .oO c 1986 Pergamon Press Ltd
3. pp. 179 185. 1986.
COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS IN THERMOREGULATORY RESEARCH R. E. DE MEERsMAN*t and F. C. SCHNErDERt
*Department
of Health Science, The Wichita Services, Virginia Commonwealth
State University, Wichita, KS 67208; and JEducaGonal University, Richmond. VA 23284, U.S.A.
(Receitred 27 June 1985; in
reckedform 5 Nooember 1985)
AbstractmPThermoregulatory information is a frequently used parameter in both physiological and psychophysiological research. Specific software programs using accepted formulae are not readily available to the scientist as is the hardware. The program described here uses the well-established physiological model by Burton. calculaling mean skin temperature and mean body temperature. The
primary goal of this microsoft Basic program is to aid the researcher through speed of execution and quantitative reliability. A few command alterations will allow this program to be used with most microcomputer systems currently available. The time saved using this program the efficiency of the researcher’s thermoregulatory data analyses. Mean skin temperature
Mean body temperature
Computer
will greatly enhance
program
1. INTRODUCTION Microcomputer technology has become an important tool in research laboratories and teaching environments. For research the primary goals of such implementations are usually speed of execution and quantitative reliability. Often researchers need specialized programs that must be written locally. There are, however, some accepted formulae and/or procedures commonly used among scientists for specific parameters. The program described herein uses a series of algebraic equations calculating mean skin temperature and mean body temperature. Review of the scientific literature reveals a frequent use of these parameters in both physiological and psychophysiological research. The physiological model was established by Burton [l] and has been evaluated in experimental conditions for both neutral and hot environments by Colin et al. [2]. They found that the best equation for determining the mean body temperature in neutral and hot environments were: Tb = 0.66Tc + 0.34Ts (neutral) Tb = 0.79Tc + 0.21Ts (hot). Burton [l] suggested that the calculation of mean body temperature (Tb) should utilize a core temperature (either the rectal temperature, Tre, the tympanic temperature, Tty, or the esophageal temperature, Tes). Any of the above deep temperatures can be used as core temperature in this program. The mean skin temperature (Tsk) is determined from appropriate weighting of several local skin temperatures. The recommended three sites for skin temperatures by Burton are: trunk, lower leg and lower arm. The weighting scale averaging these three local values is also included in the overall calculation of the mean skin temperature, which is calculated as follows: ‘i’sk = OSOTtr + 0.36Tll + O.l4Tla, where Ttr = temperature of the trunk, Tll = temperature of the lower leg and Tla = temperature of the lower arm. 2. DESCRIPTION
AND
APPLICATION
OF
THE
PROGRAM
2.1. znput Prior to the actual data collection t Author
to whom
requests
for reprints
the program should
will require information
be addressed. 179
about the subject’s
180
R. E.DE
MEERSMAN and
F.C. SCHNEIDER
physical characteristics and about the environmental conditions. This information is printed at the top of the chart that will be created using this program. The computer then requires the number of thermal data points that will be entered throughout the experimental protocol (e.g. temperatures are recorded every 5 min and the test lasts 60 min there will be 13 data points, including the baseline temperatures). At the initiation of the test press any key and enter the requested information. At the end of a selected interval (5 min in the above example) press any key to enter the temperatures. After the entry of each point, the values are printed out. The program ends after the print-out following the last data entries. The information printed at the top of the chart will include: (1) the interval between each temperature; (2) the elapsed time for each temperature; (3) the temperature of the trunk; (4) the temperature of the leg; (5) the temperature of the arm; (6) the mean skin temperature; (7) the deep core temperature; and (8) the computed mean body temperature. 2.2. Technical dependencies The program is written in microsoft Basic specifically for TRS80 disk operated system microcomputer. However, a few command alterations will allow this program to be used with most microcomputer systems currently available. The main program requires a total capacity of 16K memory and disk, plus an 80 column printer. l/O requirements are a keyboard, CRT, and an 80 column printer. Source media are 5$in. floppy disk-TRS80 Listing-TRSSO Basic. Documentation are on-line prompts. 2.3. Availability Copies of the program are available from the first author at the address at the head of the article. (See also the Appendix.) 3. EXAMPLE A sample run of the TOTAL BODY TEMPERATURE
program is provided below.
TOTALTEMPERATURE
ZBIS PROGRAM WILL COMPUTE TEE TOTAL TEMPERATURE OF THE BODY. NEEDTO ENTERTHE FOLLOlJINGTEklPERATURES WHEN ASKED:
YOU WILL
TRUNKTEWERATURX UW'ER LEGTEM'ERATURR LOUERARMTEMPERATURR RECTALTEMPERATURE
PRESS ANY KEY TOCONTINUE
ZliISPROGRAM WILL PERMIT YOU TO RECORD TEMF'ERATURES AT YOUR CHOICE OF TXMES. TRE PROGRAM WILL REPORT:
PRESS
WTEREU
1.
THE TBWPERATURBS
2.
THE aJmPm?m
SKIN
3.
THE awlPuTmI
TCWAL
4.
THE KLAJ?SED TINE
5.
THE INTERVAL
ANY
TmPimATuRE BODY TmwmwrLJRE
FOR EACH ~KRA’IURE
BETWEJH
EACR
NOTE NOTE
KEY TO CCRJTINUE
THEPROGRW
ISDESKNED
TO OUTEWT To KINIMUM l3fi COLUMN
EXECUTI(N. ACTIVATE
TJ3HPEIWl’URR
YOUR PRJNTER
AT
THIS
TIHE
PRINTER
DURING
Computer PRESSANYKEYWt~
TYPE
IN lWE
TYPE
applications
YOU ARE
FOLUHING
AND
PRESS
NAME:?
SUBJECT'S
AGE(YEARS
SUBJECT’S
WEIGttT(NUHBER
SUBJECT’S
SEK(M/F)
TUE
R.
FOLUBfIpIG
EEVIRON?lF&TAL
BAROMETRIC ONE lIOElWT
181
DE XEERSHAN CNLY):?
:?
-36
AND DL;CItUU
:?
150
: AND DECIMJU
TEZHPERATURE(NUMBERS
AND DECIUAL
PRESSURE?
(MLY)
-M.
AND PRESS
HUMIDITY(NUMBEXS
research
RKADYMCONTINUE!
SUBJECT’S
IN
in thermoregulatory
(HLY)
:?
-20
(x(1.Y 1: ? e
-750
PLEASE
tt*tt**tt*t**ttttttt************~************************************ TOTAL
BODY TtQ¶PERATURE 07/26/83
t*t**t*ttt**tttCtttt**************************~*******~************** NAME:
R.
DE PlEERSXAN
AGE:
36
WEIGHT :
150 w
SEX: EEVIR.
1m.t
20
HUMIDITY : BARORETRIC
45 PRESSURE:
750
*t*tC**tt*t*tt**t********************************************.*******
PRESS
ANY KEY m
ClXiTINUE
HOW MANY WoTES(REXORDINGS) PRESS
ANY KEY TO START
TYPE
IN
ONLY
DIGITS
AND DECIMAL
WtlM
RtQUESFED
734
TeWERATURE:
LOWER ARM TBMPERATURE:
733
RECTAL
737.5
WINS
1
ELAPSED CUR.wT CUKRMT
ANY
TEwERATURE: SEC 58
1NT
RUN
TR
LEG
ARM
0
0
32
34
33
TIME = 0 SECONDS SKIN TEXPBRATURE = 32.86 TOTAL BODY TFXPERATURE =
KEY Wllty
AND PRESS
!
TYPE
POINTS! 7 32
0
PRESS
VALUE
TRUNK ~EtUiTtJRE: LFG
HAKE? -3
TUE TEST
LaWER
HRS 1
THE APPROPRIATE
DO YOU WANT To
YOU ARE
SKTOT
REC
32.86
37.5
mm 35 .a296
35.8296
READY TO TAKE
ANOTHER TEtU’ERATURE
READING.
R. E. DE MEERSMAN and F. C. SCHNEIDER
182 TYPE
IN
ONLY
DIGITS
2
THE APPK~PKlATE
7 -34
LOWER LEZ
1 -36
TtXPERATURK
LOWER f&Pi TBUJERATIJRE
1 -35
RDCTAL
1 -39
TJ.%l’ESRJiTURE
3 ELAPSBU
13 TlMK
C,URRE?tT SKIN CU-T
TOTAL
75 = 75
75
TYPE
IN
DIGITS
36
DECIMAL
=
34.86
35
=
VALUE
WUIW REQUESTED
LCWER LJZ
? -34
TIDWERATURE
7 34.5
RECXAL
i’ 39.2
[email protected]
56
TYPE
39
37.5096
TEMPERATURE
AND PRESS
READIW.
!
TYPE
POINTS!
1 -35
9
34.86
READY TO TAKlZ ANDTUER
TRUNK TIMPERATIJRE:
4
37.5096
LOWER ARM THF’BRATURE
0
AK0 PRESS
SECUWS
BODY -ERATURE
THE APPROPRIATE MD
34
TEHPERATURS
ANY K.RY WUEp( YOU ARE
ONLY
3
REQUESTED
POINTS!
TKUNK TEXPERATURE:
0
PRESS
VALUE; WIE’I
ANU DECIMAL
131
35
34
34.5
34.57
39.2
37.5332
REFERENCES 1. A. C. Burton, The average temperature of the tissues of the body, J. Nun-. 9, 264-280 (1935). 2. J. Cohn, J. Timbal, Y. Houdas, C. Bouteher and J. D. Guieu, Computation of mean body temperature rectal and skin temperatures, J. appl. Physiol. 31, 484-489.
About &beAuthor-RONALD DE MEERSMANis an Assistant Professor of Physiology in the Department of Health Science at The Wichita State University, His research activities center around the attenuation of hypertension through non-pharmacological intervention, and the evaluation of noninvasive methods for collecting physiologic data. About the Author-FrtcDEKICK
SCHNEIDER is an Assistant Professor of Instructional Media at Virginia Commonwealth University. His research centers around the production of instructional materials and the developing of micro-computer courses and software. In addition, he is a consultant on the applications of computers in education.
from
Computer applications in thermoregulatory
research
183
APPENDIX
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 _ ES. ’ 230 PRINT”THE PROGRAn WIti iiE?~jRi : ” : GijSUB 1300 EN~l‘EHE3” : bi)SUii. 130p: 240 PRINT” 1. THE TEMpERATURfS 2. THE COflPUTED SIK:N ‘-E,qPE?ATUSE” :GOSUe, 1300 250 PRINT” 3. THE COMPUTED TOTAL BOD; ;EMPEbtATURE” : GOSUR :. 30’$ 260 PRINT” %l)‘E” 270 PRINT” 4. THE ELAPSED ;,hE FOR EAC!-I “EYFE9A’.‘JRE , / c I 1 : Gi2SUou :xl0 NoTF*~ : G~ZSUS :300 280 PRINT” 5. THE INTERVAL BET\JEEN EAC-s TEMPE~ATUSC. 290 PRINT:PRINT”PRESS ANY !\EY TO CON: ; ,VUE” 300 GOSUe 1310 310 PRINTlITHE PROGRAM is DESiGNED ‘0 I:lUTPLI~ TO A [IINIt’IUN 80 ~OLU’*IN PRINTERDURING XECUTION. ” :GOSUR 1300 PRINT”ACTIVATE YOUR PR:N:ER AT -!“-I?S i:xE” 320 PRINT 330 ” PRIN’l”PRESS ANY :IEY WHEN YciU ARE READY TO Cr:,iNT;NUE’ 340 GOSUS 1310 350 GOTO 440 360 REM NB=SUBJ”~C; ’ S NAME 370 REM AG=SUEJECT’S AGE 380 REM WT=SUBJECT’ S WEIGti’T 390 REM SXB=SURJECT’S SEX 400 REM ET=ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE 410 REM HU=HUMIDITY 420 REM BP=BAROMETRI C PRESSURE 430 CLS: POKE 1691632 ’ PROTECT THE TOP TWO LINES 440 PRINT”TYPE IN THE FOLLOWING AND PRESS ,::ENTER: :” 450 PRINT 460 1NPUT”SUBJECT’S NAilE:” :Nd:PRINT 470 IF N$=““THEN PRINT “REDO” :GOTO 470 480 1NPUT”SUBJECT’S AGECYEARS ONLY):“:AG:PRINT 490 IF AG2 THEN CLS:PRINT’REDO” :GOTO 580 620 IF EC=1 THEN EC$=“HI:lT” ELSE ECB=“NEUTRAL” 630 CLS 640 1NPUT”ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE(NUMBERS AND DECIAMAL ONLY):“:E‘r:PRiNT 650 INPUT”HUMIDITY(NUM8ERS AND DECIrlA; ONLY):“:HU:PRXNT 660 1NPUT”BAROMETRIC PRESSURE” ;SA 670 POKE 16916rB:CLS 680 PRINT’ ******ONE MOMENT P!_EASE+++++*” 690 POKE 16427780 700 GOSUB 1870 710
CBH 16:3-B
E
R. E. DE MEERSMAN and F. C. SCHNEILZR
184 720 725 730 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880
TOTAL BODY TEMPERATURE” LPRXNT” LPRINT LPRINT” LPRINT:GOSUB 1870 LPRINT:LPRINT “NAi’lE:“r 1 :iPRINT N8 LPRINT “AGE:’ I I :LPRINT AG LPRINT “WETGHT:“r .b I :;PRINT $iT LPRINT “SEX:“, , :LPRINT SX5 CONDIT;ON:“r ::_PR;hi: Ei$ LPRINT:CPRINT”ENVIR. ?EMP. LPRINT”ENVIR. TEMP. :“q, :i_FR:l\i;E? LPRINT”HUMIDITY:“r Y :kPf?INT i-l\’< LPRINT”BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: ” Y :LFR; F;: SA GOSUE 1870 CLS PRINT”PRESS ANY t\EY T’2 CO\\riNUE” GOSUB 1310 CLS
920 930 940 950
PRINT:PR:NT:PRINT”PSESS GOSUB 1310 FOR X=1 TO I
960 970 980
:\,EY
.‘O
5-A?:-
TbJE
TSI”
IF X >; TYEN Y80 GOSUB 1470 GOTO 1020
PRINT 990 PRINT”PRESS RINT 1000 GOSUB 1310
1010 1020
ANY
ANY
KEY
WHEN Y!‘,‘J
ARE
?F:AD’f
?I>
TA;\E
ANfiTdER
T;ZPERA;URE
GOSUE 1470
PRINT”TYPE IN THE APPROPRIAfE VAiUE WHEN REDUESTED AND NLY DIGITS AND DECIMAL POINTS!” PRINT:PRINT 1030 ” :TR:?RiNT 1NPUT”TRUNK TEWPERATURE: 1040 IF TR
1130 1140 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 i 240 1250 1260 1270 1280 1290 1300 1310 1320 1330 1340 1350 1360 1370 1380 1390 1400 1410 14?0 14;0 1440 1450 1460 1470
,?EAD:NG.
IF TCil THEN PRINT”REDO” :GCiTc: ;.::::0 REM COMPUTE THE TOTAL !30DY rE?PEQATURE’ IF EC=2 THEN 1180 THEN .1170 IF EC=1 TB= ( .79+TC) .t i . 2 1 +iS ) : GOTO :. 1 92 TS=(.66+TC)+(.34+TSj T(X,6)=TT: T(X,7)=TL: T~XIBI-TA: ‘iX19:=TS: TR=O:TL=O:TA=O:TC=O CLS PRINT”ELAPSED TIME = “.r(XuZj” SC:2NDS PRINT”CURRENT SKIN TEMPE4ATUYE - “TiXr7) -_ “‘; PRINT” CURRENT Tli;Ai_ BCDY TEppE2ATQQE
~:~.-:I:,‘;$,~
PRESS
z,<)i)Y
r.
;)
-WE
TEyFE;&$T!JRE
‘-
‘(Xi10)=TC:
GOSUP 1890 ’ NEXT X GOSUS 1710 POtiE 1691670 END FOR I=1 TO 300:NEXT I:RETURN AB=INKEYB: IF A5=““THEN 1.310 ELSE CLS:RETURN REM T$=bATE AND TIME REM TH=HOUR VALUE OF TB REM TN=MINUTE VALUE OF T5 REM TS=SECOND VALUE OF TB REM T(Xvl)=HOUR VALUE OF i-B REM T(XIZ)=MINUTE VALUE OF T5 REM T ( X1 3) -SECOND VALUE OF T5 REM T(Xi4)=NUMRER OF SECONDS SINCE LAST READING REM T(Xv5 )=NUFSBER OF SECONDS S;xCE 8EG;NNING W REM T ( X1 6 1 =TRUNK TEMPERATURE RER T(X17)=LEG TMPERATURE REM T(X,B>=LOWER ARM TEMPERAI-UHE REM T(XI~)=LVWER SK:% TEilPERATURE REM T(XI~~)=CORE TEMPERATURE REM T(X,ll)=TOTAL BODY TE?lPERATURE REM SUBROUTINE TO COLLECT T: NE
(ENTER)!
-:EST
TYPE
I’
Computer applications in thermoregulatory 1480 1490 1500 1510 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 :850 l&s0 1870 1880 lf390 :. 9673
research
185
T$=TItlEB T(Xv 1 )=VAL(?l;D$(T$r 10r;:)) T(X~Z)=‘JAL~MID%(TBY i3r2)) T(XI~)=VAL(R?GHT$(T$,~)) IF X=1 THEN T(Xq4)=0:T(Xv5)=0 GOTO 1600 REM T 1 =CURRENT HOURS REM TZ=HOURS OF PREVIOUS READING REM T3=CURRENT MINUTES REH T4=MINUTES OF. PREVIOUS READING REM T5=CURRENT SECONDS REM T6=SECONDS OF PREVIOUS READ I NG Tl=T(XIl):T2=T(X-;,l):T31T(XI=): T4=T(X,-!r2): TS=T(X,3):T6=T(X-1,3) IF T5cT6 THEN T5=(T5+60):?3=(T3-1) TT=(T5-Tbj IF T3, qbQh: ,s AK? LPRINT:LPRINT” HRS YINS SEC :NT L’-b
191.0 C’:JRE 1920 LPRINT 1930 LPRINT 1940 i-PRINT 1950 LPRINT lYt0 LPRINT 1970 LFRINT 1980 LPRINT 19SQ LPRINT 2000 LPRINT 2010 ORIN.: I0’20 LPRIhT
Tc.,Te.” X: TAR’4jTIX,1): TAPa(b)TiX,Z,: TAB( ;Z)?-(X,3): ‘TAk?~(:7)T(Xv4): TAP<,?I)T(X,5! J TAP(28)T(Xr6!: TAf.(37!T X17!; TAP:a5iTtX,E!: TAE!.(53)T(%r4!: TAem(63im-lXs i.0;;
OillO- 4825186 $3.00 + .oO c 1986 Pergamon Press Ltd
3. pp. 179 185. 1986.
COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS IN THERMOREGULATORY RESEARCH R. E. DE MEERsMAN*t and F. C. SCHNErDERt
*Department
of Health Science, The Wichita Services, Virginia Commonwealth
State University, Wichita, KS 67208; and JEducaGonal University, Richmond. VA 23284, U.S.A.
(Receitred 27 June 1985; in
reckedform 5 Nooember 1985)
AbstractmPThermoregulatory information is a frequently used parameter in both physiological and psychophysiological research. Specific software programs using accepted formulae are not readily available to the scientist as is the hardware. The program described here uses the well-established physiological model by Burton. calculaling mean skin temperature and mean body temperature. The
primary goal of this microsoft Basic program is to aid the researcher through speed of execution and quantitative reliability. A few command alterations will allow this program to be used with most microcomputer systems currently available. The time saved using this program the efficiency of the researcher’s thermoregulatory data analyses. Mean skin temperature
Mean body temperature
Computer
will greatly enhance
program
1. INTRODUCTION Microcomputer technology has become an important tool in research laboratories and teaching environments. For research the primary goals of such implementations are usually speed of execution and quantitative reliability. Often researchers need specialized programs that must be written locally. There are, however, some accepted formulae and/or procedures commonly used among scientists for specific parameters. The program described herein uses a series of algebraic equations calculating mean skin temperature and mean body temperature. Review of the scientific literature reveals a frequent use of these parameters in both physiological and psychophysiological research. The physiological model was established by Burton [l] and has been evaluated in experimental conditions for both neutral and hot environments by Colin et al. [2]. They found that the best equation for determining the mean body temperature in neutral and hot environments were: Tb = 0.66Tc + 0.34Ts (neutral) Tb = 0.79Tc + 0.21Ts (hot). Burton [l] suggested that the calculation of mean body temperature (Tb) should utilize a core temperature (either the rectal temperature, Tre, the tympanic temperature, Tty, or the esophageal temperature, Tes). Any of the above deep temperatures can be used as core temperature in this program. The mean skin temperature (Tsk) is determined from appropriate weighting of several local skin temperatures. The recommended three sites for skin temperatures by Burton are: trunk, lower leg and lower arm. The weighting scale averaging these three local values is also included in the overall calculation of the mean skin temperature, which is calculated as follows: ‘i’sk = OSOTtr + 0.36Tll + O.l4Tla, where Ttr = temperature of the trunk, Tll = temperature of the lower leg and Tla = temperature of the lower arm. 2. DESCRIPTION
AND
APPLICATION
OF
THE
PROGRAM
2.1. znput Prior to the actual data collection t Author
to whom
requests
for reprints
the program should
will require information
be addressed. 179
about the subject’s
180
R. E.DE
MEERSMAN and
F.C. SCHNEIDER
physical characteristics and about the environmental conditions. This information is printed at the top of the chart that will be created using this program. The computer then requires the number of thermal data points that will be entered throughout the experimental protocol (e.g. temperatures are recorded every 5 min and the test lasts 60 min there will be 13 data points, including the baseline temperatures). At the initiation of the test press any key and enter the requested information. At the end of a selected interval (5 min in the above example) press any key to enter the temperatures. After the entry of each point, the values are printed out. The program ends after the print-out following the last data entries. The information printed at the top of the chart will include: (1) the interval between each temperature; (2) the elapsed time for each temperature; (3) the temperature of the trunk; (4) the temperature of the leg; (5) the temperature of the arm; (6) the mean skin temperature; (7) the deep core temperature; and (8) the computed mean body temperature. 2.2. Technical dependencies The program is written in microsoft Basic specifically for TRS80 disk operated system microcomputer. However, a few command alterations will allow this program to be used with most microcomputer systems currently available. The main program requires a total capacity of 16K memory and disk, plus an 80 column printer. l/O requirements are a keyboard, CRT, and an 80 column printer. Source media are 5$in. floppy disk-TRS80 Listing-TRSSO Basic. Documentation are on-line prompts. 2.3. Availability Copies of the program are available from the first author at the address at the head of the article. (See also the Appendix.) 3. EXAMPLE A sample run of the TOTAL BODY TEMPERATURE
program is provided below.
TOTALTEMPERATURE
ZBIS PROGRAM WILL COMPUTE TEE TOTAL TEMPERATURE OF THE BODY. NEEDTO ENTERTHE FOLLOlJINGTEklPERATURES WHEN ASKED:
YOU WILL
TRUNKTEWERATURX UW'ER LEGTEM'ERATURR LOUERARMTEMPERATURR RECTALTEMPERATURE
PRESS ANY KEY TOCONTINUE
ZliISPROGRAM WILL PERMIT YOU TO RECORD TEMF'ERATURES AT YOUR CHOICE OF TXMES. TRE PROGRAM WILL REPORT:
PRESS
WTEREU
1.
THE TBWPERATURBS
2.
THE aJmPm?m
SKIN
3.
THE awlPuTmI
TCWAL
4.
THE KLAJ?SED TINE
5.
THE INTERVAL
ANY
TmPimATuRE BODY TmwmwrLJRE
FOR EACH ~KRA’IURE
BETWEJH
EACR
NOTE NOTE
KEY TO CCRJTINUE
THEPROGRW
ISDESKNED
TO OUTEWT To KINIMUM l3fi COLUMN
EXECUTI(N. ACTIVATE
TJ3HPEIWl’URR
YOUR PRJNTER
AT
THIS
TIHE
PRINTER
DURING
Computer PRESSANYKEYWt~
TYPE
IN lWE
TYPE
applications
YOU ARE
FOLUHING
AND
PRESS
NAME:?
SUBJECT'S
AGE(YEARS
SUBJECT’S
WEIGttT(NUHBER
SUBJECT’S
SEK(M/F)
TUE
R.
FOLUBfIpIG
EEVIRON?lF&TAL
BAROMETRIC ONE lIOElWT
181
DE XEERSHAN CNLY):?
:?
-36
AND DL;CItUU
:?
150
TEZHPERATURE(NUMBERS
AND DECIUAL
PRESSURE?
(MLY)
-M.
AND PRESS
HUMIDITY(NUMBEXS
research
RKADYMCONTINUE!
SUBJECT’S
IN
in thermoregulatory
(HLY)
:?
-20
(x(1.Y 1: ? e
-750
PLEASE
tt*tt**tt*t**ttttttt************~************************************ TOTAL
BODY TtQ¶PERATURE 07/26/83
t*t**t*ttt**tttCtttt**************************~*******~************** NAME:
R.
DE PlEERSXAN
AGE:
36
WEIGHT :
150 w
SEX: EEVIR.
1m.t
20
HUMIDITY : BARORETRIC
45 PRESSURE:
750
*t*tC**tt*t*tt**t********************************************.*******
PRESS
ANY KEY m
ClXiTINUE
HOW MANY WoTES(REXORDINGS) PRESS
ANY KEY TO START
TYPE
IN
ONLY
DIGITS
AND DECIMAL
WtlM
RtQUESFED
734
TeWERATURE:
LOWER ARM TBMPERATURE:
733
RECTAL
737.5
WINS
1
ELAPSED CUR.wT CUKRMT
ANY
TEwERATURE: SEC 58
1NT
RUN
TR
LEG
ARM
0
0
32
34
33
TIME = 0 SECONDS SKIN TEXPBRATURE = 32.86 TOTAL BODY TFXPERATURE =
KEY Wllty
AND PRESS
TYPE
POINTS! 7 32
0
PRESS
VALUE
TRUNK ~EtUiTtJRE: LFG
HAKE? -3
TUE TEST
LaWER
HRS 1
THE APPROPRIATE
DO YOU WANT To
YOU ARE
SKTOT
REC
32.86
37.5
mm 35 .a296
35.8296
READY TO TAKE
ANOTHER TEtU’ERATURE
READING.
R. E. DE MEERSMAN and F. C. SCHNEIDER
182 TYPE
IN
ONLY
DIGITS
2
THE APPK~PKlATE
7 -34
LOWER LEZ
1 -36
TtXPERATURK
LOWER f&Pi TBUJERATIJRE
1 -35
RDCTAL
1 -39
TJ.%l’ESRJiTURE
3 ELAPSBU
13 TlMK
C,URRE?tT SKIN CU-T
TOTAL
75 = 75
75
TYPE
IN
DIGITS
36
DECIMAL
=
34.86
35
=
VALUE
WUIW REQUESTED
LCWER LJZ
? -34
TIDWERATURE
7 34.5
RECXAL
i’ 39.2
[email protected]
56
TYPE
39
37.5096
TEMPERATURE
AND PRESS
READIW.
TYPE
POINTS!
1 -35
9
34.86
READY TO TAKlZ ANDTUER
TRUNK TIMPERATIJRE:
4
37.5096
LOWER ARM THF’BRATURE
0
AK0 PRESS
SECUWS
BODY -ERATURE
THE APPROPRIATE MD
34
TEHPERATURS
ANY K.RY WUEp( YOU ARE
ONLY
3
REQUESTED
POINTS!
TKUNK TEXPERATURE:
0
PRESS
VALUE; WIE’I
ANU DECIMAL
131
35
34
34.5
34.57
39.2
37.5332
REFERENCES 1. A. C. Burton, The average temperature of the tissues of the body, J. Nun-. 9, 264-280 (1935). 2. J. Cohn, J. Timbal, Y. Houdas, C. Bouteher and J. D. Guieu, Computation of mean body temperature rectal and skin temperatures, J. appl. Physiol. 31, 484-489.
About &beAuthor-RONALD DE MEERSMANis an Assistant Professor of Physiology in the Department of Health Science at The Wichita State University, His research activities center around the attenuation of hypertension through non-pharmacological intervention, and the evaluation of noninvasive methods for collecting physiologic data. About the Author-FrtcDEKICK
SCHNEIDER is an Assistant Professor of Instructional Media at Virginia Commonwealth University. His research centers around the production of instructional materials and the developing of micro-computer courses and software. In addition, he is a consultant on the applications of computers in education.
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Computer applications in thermoregulatory
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APPENDIX
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 _ ES. ’ 230 PRINT”THE PROGRAn WIti iiE?~jRi : ” : GijSUB 1300 EN~l‘EHE3” : bi)SUii. 130p: 240 PRINT” 1. THE TEMpERATURfS 2. THE COflPUTED SIK:N ‘-E,qPE?ATUSE” :GOSUe, 1300 250 PRINT” 3. THE COMPUTED TOTAL BOD; ;EMPEbtATURE” : GOSUR :. 30’$ 260 PRINT” %l)‘E” 270 PRINT” 4. THE ELAPSED ;,hE FOR EAC!-I “EYFE9A’.‘JRE , / c I 1 : Gi2SUou :xl0 NoTF*~ : G~ZSUS :300 280 PRINT” 5. THE INTERVAL BET\JEEN EAC-s TEMPE~ATUSC. 290 PRINT:PRINT”PRESS ANY !\EY TO CON: ; ,VUE” 300 GOSUe 1310 310 PRINTlITHE PROGRAM is DESiGNED ‘0 I:lUTPLI~ TO A [IINIt’IUN 80 ~OLU’*IN PRINTERDURING XECUTION. ” :GOSUR 1300 PRINT”ACTIVATE YOUR PR:N:ER AT -!“-I?S i:xE” 320 PRINT 330 ” PRIN’l”PRESS ANY :IEY WHEN YciU ARE READY TO Cr:,iNT;NUE’ 340 GOSUS 1310 350 GOTO 440 360 REM NB=SUBJ”~C; ’ S NAME 370 REM AG=SUEJECT’S AGE 380 REM WT=SUBJECT’ S WEIGti’T 390 REM SXB=SURJECT’S SEX 400 REM ET=ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE 410 REM HU=HUMIDITY 420 REM BP=BAROMETRI C PRESSURE 430 CLS: POKE 1691632 ’ PROTECT THE TOP TWO LINES 440 PRINT”TYPE IN THE FOLLOWING AND PRESS ,::ENTER: :” 450 PRINT 460 1NPUT”SUBJECT’S NAilE:” :Nd:PRINT 470 IF N$=““THEN PRINT “REDO” :GOTO 470 480 1NPUT”SUBJECT’S AGECYEARS ONLY):“:AG:PRINT 490 IF AG
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R. E. DE MEERSMAN and F. C. SCHNEILZR
184 720 725 730 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880
TOTAL BODY TEMPERATURE” LPRXNT” LPRINT LPRINT” LPRINT:GOSUB 1870 LPRINT:LPRINT “NAi’lE:“r 1 :iPRINT N8 LPRINT “AGE:’ I I :LPRINT AG LPRINT “WETGHT:“r .b I :;PRINT $iT LPRINT “SEX:“, , :LPRINT SX5 CONDIT;ON:“r ::_PR;hi: Ei$ LPRINT:CPRINT”ENVIR. ?EMP. LPRINT”ENVIR. TEMP. :“q, :i_FR:l\i;E? LPRINT”HUMIDITY:“r Y :kPf?INT i-l\’< LPRINT”BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: ” Y :LFR; F;: SA GOSUE 1870 CLS PRINT”PRESS ANY t\EY T’2 CO\\riNUE” GOSUB 1310 CLS
920 930 940 950
PRINT:PR:NT:PRINT”PSESS GOSUB 1310 FOR X=1 TO I
960 970 980
:\,EY
.‘O
5-A?:-
TbJE
TSI”
IF X >; TYEN Y80 GOSUB 1470 GOTO 1020
PRINT 990 PRINT”PRESS RINT 1000 GOSUB 1310
1010 1020
ANY
ANY
KEY
WHEN Y!‘,‘J
ARE
?F:AD’f
?I>
TA;\E
ANfiTdER
T;ZPERA;URE
GOSUE 1470
PRINT”TYPE IN THE APPROPRIAfE VAiUE WHEN REDUESTED AND NLY DIGITS AND DECIMAL POINTS!” PRINT:PRINT 1030 ” :TR:?RiNT 1NPUT”TRUNK TEWPERATURE: 1040 IF TR
1130 1140 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 i 240 1250 1260 1270 1280 1290 1300 1310 1320 1330 1340 1350 1360 1370 1380 1390 1400 1410 14?0 14;0 1440 1450 1460 1470
,?EAD:NG.
IF TCil THEN PRINT”REDO” :GCiTc: ;.::::0 REM COMPUTE THE TOTAL !30DY rE?PEQATURE’ IF EC=2 THEN 1180 THEN .1170 IF EC=1 TB= ( .79+TC) .t i . 2 1 +iS ) : GOTO :. 1 92 TS=(.66+TC)+(.34+TSj T(X,6)=TT: T(X,7)=TL: T~XIBI-TA: ‘iX19:=TS: TR=O:TL=O:TA=O:TC=O CLS PRINT”ELAPSED TIME = “.r(XuZj” SC:2NDS PRINT”CURRENT SKIN TEMPE4ATUYE - “TiXr7) -_ “‘; PRINT” CURRENT Tli;Ai_ BCDY TEppE2ATQQE
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GOSUP 1890 ’ NEXT X GOSUS 1710 POtiE 1691670 END FOR I=1 TO 300:NEXT I:RETURN AB=INKEYB: IF A5=““THEN 1.310 ELSE CLS:RETURN REM T$=bATE AND TIME REM TH=HOUR VALUE OF TB REM TN=MINUTE VALUE OF T5 REM TS=SECOND VALUE OF TB REM T(Xvl)=HOUR VALUE OF i-B REM T(XIZ)=MINUTE VALUE OF T5 REM T ( X1 3) -SECOND VALUE OF T5 REM T(Xi4)=NUMRER OF SECONDS SINCE LAST READING REM T(Xv5 )=NUFSBER OF SECONDS S;xCE 8EG;NNING W REM T ( X1 6 1 =TRUNK TEMPERATURE RER T(X17)=LEG TMPERATURE REM T(X,B>=LOWER ARM TEMPERAI-UHE REM T(XI~)=LVWER SK:% TEilPERATURE REM T(XI~~)=CORE TEMPERATURE REM T(X,ll)=TOTAL BODY TE?lPERATURE REM SUBROUTINE TO COLLECT T: NE
(ENTER)!
-:EST
TYPE
I’
Computer applications in thermoregulatory 1480 1490 1500 1510 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 :850 l&s0 1870 1880 lf390 :. 9673
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T$=TItlEB T(Xv 1 )=VAL(?l;D$(T$r 10r;:)) T(X~Z)=‘JAL~MID%(TBY i3r2)) T(XI~)=VAL(R?GHT$(T$,~)) IF X=1 THEN T(Xq4)=0:T(Xv5)=0 GOTO 1600 REM T 1 =CURRENT HOURS REM TZ=HOURS OF PREVIOUS READING REM T3=CURRENT MINUTES REH T4=MINUTES OF. PREVIOUS READING REM T5=CURRENT SECONDS REM T6=SECONDS OF PREVIOUS READ I NG Tl=T(XIl):T2=T(X-;,l):T31T(XI=): T4=T(X,-!r2): TS=T(X,3):T6=T(X-1,3) IF T5cT6 THEN T5=(T5+60):?3=(T3-1) TT=(T5-Tbj IF T3,
191.0 C’:JRE 1920 LPRINT 1930 LPRINT 1940 i-PRINT 1950 LPRINT lYt0 LPRINT 1970 LFRINT 1980 LPRINT 19SQ LPRINT 2000 LPRINT 2010 ORIN.: I0’20 LPRIhT
Tc.,Te.” X: TAR’4jTIX,1): TAPa(b)TiX,Z,: TAB( ;Z)?-(X,3): ‘TAk?~(:7)T(Xv4): TAP<,?I)T(X,5! J TAP(28)T(Xr6!: TAf.(37!T X17!; TAP:a5iTtX,E!: TAE!.(53)T(%r4!: TAem(63im-lXs i.0;;