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Computer storage and retrieval of generic structures in chemical patents. IV. An extended connection table representation for generic structures
Literature
comparing the relevant items retrieved by manual scanning of journal sources and disseminated via an information bulletin. Neither computer SD1 nor manual scanning retrieved-all relevant references. Comouter SD1 retrieved 43% of relevant items i‘ound by manual scanning whereas manual scanning retrieved 6140 of relevant items found by computer SDI. 9. Author Name Processing at Chemical Abstracts Service: Name Matching Using Nonunique Bibliographic Identifiers, K. M. Soukuo and S. E. Hammond (Chem. Abstiacts Service, Columbus, OH, USA). J. Chem. Inf & Comput. Sci. (USA), August 1982, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 172- 176. For elimination of much of the labour- intensive and repetitious manual editing of author names for the Chemical Abstracts (CA) Volume and Collective Author Indexes, a computer based system was developed at Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) which matches author names by using the nonunique bibliographic identifiers available in the literature. The computer system closely emulates the intellectual editing process previously performed and also provides new data edits not possible with the manual system. 10. Derwent Search Aids. S. M. Kaback (Analytical & Information Div., Exxon Res. & Engng Co., Linden, N.J. USA). Database (USA), August 1982, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 19-21. Reviews the search aids available for the Derwent’s World Patent Index files (WPI and WPIL). The author examines the instruction manuals and their usefulness. 11. On-line Data Retrieval Eases Literature Searches. S. K. Roberts. EDN (USA), September 1982, Vol. 27, No. 17, pp. 203 - 210. The engineering databases available on the Lockheed DIALOG information retrieval service are discussed. The advantages of on-line searching over manual searching of publications are explained. As an illustration, a search on the INSPEC database is described together with the way in which this search can be extended to other DIALOG databases. Some of the 130 databases available on DIALOG are brieflv examined. those selected being of particular interest to engineers and engineering managers. 12. A Personal Reference Retrieval System for Medium Sized Computers Allowing Automatic Data Entry from Online fiatabases. P. Cooper (Walter & Eliza Hall Inst.. Melbourne Australia). Int. J. Bio-Med. Comput. (Netherlandsj, September 1982, Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 433 -439. Describes a series of programs developed for the storage and retrieval of bibliographic references, which allow automatic cross-referencing of the stored entries. Reference retrieval becomes successively faster as more searches are performed and references are automatically sub-grouped under indexed terms to allow complete sub-sets to be scanned independently.
47
Review
13. FRED, a Front End for Databases. M.I. Crystal and G. E. Jakobson (GTE Labs., Waltham, MA, USA). Online (USA). SeDtember 1982. Vol. 6. No. 5. .D. 27-30. . Because of the intangible nature of databases and their complexity and diversity, an end-user who seeks information is confronted by a series of obstacles. To alleviate these difficulties, FRED, a front end for databases, was conceived. Conceptually, FRED is a hardware/software layer that can be interposed between users and database systems; user queries and commands are routed to FRED which sets up appropriate database connections and makes necessary language translations so that different databases all have uniform appearance to the user. The user/FRED dialog is conducted in natural language (English). 14. Computer Storage and Retrieval of Generic Structures in Chemical Patents. IV. An Extended Connection Table Representation for Generic Structures. J. M. Barnard, M. F. Lynch and S. M. Welford (Deot. of Information Studies, Univ. of .Sheffield, Sheffield, England). J. Chem. Inf. & Comuuf. Sci. (USA). August 198i. Vol. i2, No. j, pi: 160- 164. For pt III see ibid., vol. 21, pp. 161 - 168 (1981). A data structure for the unambiguous representation of generic structures at the machine level is described. It is designed for automatic generation from structures encoded in the formal language GENSAL and is based on connection tables. Its relationship with other forms of representation is discussed. 15. Online Imnlementation of the CA SEARCH File- and the CAS Registry Nomenclature File. M. V. Callahan and P. F. Rusch. Online Review, 1981, Vol. 5, No. 5, p. 377. Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) produces a variety of chemical information in both printed and computer readable form. Although the information content of CAS computer readable files is quite informative, the database from which they are derived was designed primarily for producing printed products. Production of printed products involves a selection and formatting of information which carries with it certain inferences and implications that can be easily handled in context. Some concomitant disadvantages of printed products are due to the need to predetermine access points. By their very nature online files can eliminate some of these disadvantages and open otherwise inaccessible routes to the information. Processing of information in the creation of an online file offers opportunities to provide enhancements that add value and simplify the information retrieval activity. In this paper, we focus on implementation by the DIALOG system of bibliographic CA SEARCH files and chemical name dictionary CHEMNAME. 16. DIALOG and ORBIT IV: a Practice Oriented Comparison between two Databases, as an Example in CA
SEARCH. E. Zass. Nachr. Dok. (Germany), June 1982, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 129- 137, in German. The implementation the data base systems BIT IV is compared. parison, differences command language, search capabilities of retrieval services are
of CA SEARCH in DIALOG and ORBased on this comand similarities in data structure and the two information discussed.
17. The Impact of Online Services on Subscriptions to Printed Publications. F. W. Lancaster and Herbert Goldhor. Online Review, 1981, Vol. 5, No. 4, p. 301. A survey was conducted among academic and special libraries to determine the extent to which these libraries have discontinued subscriptions to printed abstracting and indexing services as a result of the accessibility of equivalent databases online. Significant levels of cancellation were reported by libraries of all types. However, decisions to discontinue were only partly influenced by online access in some libraries and not at all influenced by online access in some others. It appears that online access has so far had onlv a relatively small effect on cancellation decisions. Some barriers to a more widespread migration to online access are identified. A noteworthy finding is that new libraries tend to move directly into electronic access on demand without ever going through the print on paper phase. A great accelerated level of migration is predicted for the next five to ten years. 18. Information Policies of Developing Countries: the Case of Brazil. V. Rosenberg (School of Library Sci., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA). J. Am. Sot. Inf. Sci. (USA), July 1982, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 203 - 207. The information policies of developing and industrialized countries are created to protect the vital interests of the country. Brazil is used to illustrate various policies regulating information transfer, computer hardware, and computer software. Brazil’s policies are compared with the policies of industrialized countries. The analysis illustrates some of the tradeoffs faced by information policymakers and planners in a developing country. 19. Short-Term Consultant Missions Regarding Information Systems: Comments on Personal Experience from UNESCO Missions. B. Hisinger (Copenhagen Branch, Nat. Technol. Library, Copenhagen, Denmark). Tidskr. Dok. (Sweden), 1981, Vol. 37, No. 5 -6, pp. 105 - 106. Most short-term consultants on mission can expect to face a tight schedule during their stay in the host country. The identification of gaps and deficiencies in the existing information infrastructure is indispensable. The time-consuming but important fact-finding visits to relevant centres and agencies have to be made at an early stage. Close cooperation with the local counterpart turned out to be useful.
comparing the relevant items retrieved by manual scanning of journal sources and disseminated via an information bulletin. Neither computer SD1 nor manual scanning retrieved-all relevant references. Comouter SD1 retrieved 43% of relevant items i‘ound by manual scanning whereas manual scanning retrieved 6140 of relevant items found by computer SDI. 9. Author Name Processing at Chemical Abstracts Service: Name Matching Using Nonunique Bibliographic Identifiers, K. M. Soukuo and S. E. Hammond (Chem. Abstiacts Service, Columbus, OH, USA). J. Chem. Inf & Comput. Sci. (USA), August 1982, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 172- 176. For elimination of much of the labour- intensive and repetitious manual editing of author names for the Chemical Abstracts (CA) Volume and Collective Author Indexes, a computer based system was developed at Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) which matches author names by using the nonunique bibliographic identifiers available in the literature. The computer system closely emulates the intellectual editing process previously performed and also provides new data edits not possible with the manual system. 10. Derwent Search Aids. S. M. Kaback (Analytical & Information Div., Exxon Res. & Engng Co., Linden, N.J. USA). Database (USA), August 1982, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 19-21. Reviews the search aids available for the Derwent’s World Patent Index files (WPI and WPIL). The author examines the instruction manuals and their usefulness. 11. On-line Data Retrieval Eases Literature Searches. S. K. Roberts. EDN (USA), September 1982, Vol. 27, No. 17, pp. 203 - 210. The engineering databases available on the Lockheed DIALOG information retrieval service are discussed. The advantages of on-line searching over manual searching of publications are explained. As an illustration, a search on the INSPEC database is described together with the way in which this search can be extended to other DIALOG databases. Some of the 130 databases available on DIALOG are brieflv examined. those selected being of particular interest to engineers and engineering managers. 12. A Personal Reference Retrieval System for Medium Sized Computers Allowing Automatic Data Entry from Online fiatabases. P. Cooper (Walter & Eliza Hall Inst.. Melbourne Australia). Int. J. Bio-Med. Comput. (Netherlandsj, September 1982, Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 433 -439. Describes a series of programs developed for the storage and retrieval of bibliographic references, which allow automatic cross-referencing of the stored entries. Reference retrieval becomes successively faster as more searches are performed and references are automatically sub-grouped under indexed terms to allow complete sub-sets to be scanned independently.
47
Review
13. FRED, a Front End for Databases. M.I. Crystal and G. E. Jakobson (GTE Labs., Waltham, MA, USA). Online (USA). SeDtember 1982. Vol. 6. No. 5. .D. 27-30. . Because of the intangible nature of databases and their complexity and diversity, an end-user who seeks information is confronted by a series of obstacles. To alleviate these difficulties, FRED, a front end for databases, was conceived. Conceptually, FRED is a hardware/software layer that can be interposed between users and database systems; user queries and commands are routed to FRED which sets up appropriate database connections and makes necessary language translations so that different databases all have uniform appearance to the user. The user/FRED dialog is conducted in natural language (English). 14. Computer Storage and Retrieval of Generic Structures in Chemical Patents. IV. An Extended Connection Table Representation for Generic Structures. J. M. Barnard, M. F. Lynch and S. M. Welford (Deot. of Information Studies, Univ. of .Sheffield, Sheffield, England). J. Chem. Inf. & Comuuf. Sci. (USA). August 198i. Vol. i2, No. j, pi: 160- 164. For pt III see ibid., vol. 21, pp. 161 - 168 (1981). A data structure for the unambiguous representation of generic structures at the machine level is described. It is designed for automatic generation from structures encoded in the formal language GENSAL and is based on connection tables. Its relationship with other forms of representation is discussed. 15. Online Imnlementation of the CA SEARCH File- and the CAS Registry Nomenclature File. M. V. Callahan and P. F. Rusch. Online Review, 1981, Vol. 5, No. 5, p. 377. Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) produces a variety of chemical information in both printed and computer readable form. Although the information content of CAS computer readable files is quite informative, the database from which they are derived was designed primarily for producing printed products. Production of printed products involves a selection and formatting of information which carries with it certain inferences and implications that can be easily handled in context. Some concomitant disadvantages of printed products are due to the need to predetermine access points. By their very nature online files can eliminate some of these disadvantages and open otherwise inaccessible routes to the information. Processing of information in the creation of an online file offers opportunities to provide enhancements that add value and simplify the information retrieval activity. In this paper, we focus on implementation by the DIALOG system of bibliographic CA SEARCH files and chemical name dictionary CHEMNAME. 16. DIALOG and ORBIT IV: a Practice Oriented Comparison between two Databases, as an Example in CA
SEARCH. E. Zass. Nachr. Dok. (Germany), June 1982, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 129- 137, in German. The implementation the data base systems BIT IV is compared. parison, differences command language, search capabilities of retrieval services are
of CA SEARCH in DIALOG and ORBased on this comand similarities in data structure and the two information discussed.
17. The Impact of Online Services on Subscriptions to Printed Publications. F. W. Lancaster and Herbert Goldhor. Online Review, 1981, Vol. 5, No. 4, p. 301. A survey was conducted among academic and special libraries to determine the extent to which these libraries have discontinued subscriptions to printed abstracting and indexing services as a result of the accessibility of equivalent databases online. Significant levels of cancellation were reported by libraries of all types. However, decisions to discontinue were only partly influenced by online access in some libraries and not at all influenced by online access in some others. It appears that online access has so far had onlv a relatively small effect on cancellation decisions. Some barriers to a more widespread migration to online access are identified. A noteworthy finding is that new libraries tend to move directly into electronic access on demand without ever going through the print on paper phase. A great accelerated level of migration is predicted for the next five to ten years. 18. Information Policies of Developing Countries: the Case of Brazil. V. Rosenberg (School of Library Sci., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA). J. Am. Sot. Inf. Sci. (USA), July 1982, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 203 - 207. The information policies of developing and industrialized countries are created to protect the vital interests of the country. Brazil is used to illustrate various policies regulating information transfer, computer hardware, and computer software. Brazil’s policies are compared with the policies of industrialized countries. The analysis illustrates some of the tradeoffs faced by information policymakers and planners in a developing country. 19. Short-Term Consultant Missions Regarding Information Systems: Comments on Personal Experience from UNESCO Missions. B. Hisinger (Copenhagen Branch, Nat. Technol. Library, Copenhagen, Denmark). Tidskr. Dok. (Sweden), 1981, Vol. 37, No. 5 -6, pp. 105 - 106. Most short-term consultants on mission can expect to face a tight schedule during their stay in the host country. The identification of gaps and deficiencies in the existing information infrastructure is indispensable. The time-consuming but important fact-finding visits to relevant centres and agencies have to be made at an early stage. Close cooperation with the local counterpart turned out to be useful.