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Computers: Where now?
Abstracts of c.a.d, literature Architecture, Building and Planning Barras, R. 74.1 'Designing computer programs for operational planning models' Centre for Environmental Studies, Working Paper 78: London (1972) The computer implementation o f mathematical models of urban and regional systems is dealt with. Emphasis is laid on the translation of a conceptual model into a set of operational programs. Two specific models are described. One is a hierarchical activity allocation model programmed in Fortran and the other is a dynamic simulation model o f a regional economy.
Fairweather, L. 74,2 'Computers: where now?' Archit. J., Vol 156, No 49, (December 1972), pp 1319-1.324 An article on the role of the computer in architecture based on the International Conference at York University, England in September 1972.
Paulus, E. and Zwicker, E. 74.6 'Computer programs for calculating loudness from third octave band levels or from critical band levels', Acoustica, Vol 27, (1972) No 5, pp 2 5 3 - 2 6 6 (in German) Fortran 4 programs are presented for calculating loudness according to Zwicker's graphical procedure. An attempt is made to base the programs on the psychoacoustic foundations of the procedure rather than on the recommended graphs alone. Williams, T. 74.7 'Computer programs for drainage quantities', Surveyor, Vol 141, No 4207 (1973) pp 3 8 - 4 1 A suite of programs is described which reduce the procedure of taking-off to the completion of input forms using information taken directly from design drawings. The working-up, abstracting and billing together with all the other information for the contractor is performed and produced by the computer.
Chemical engineering Forwood, B. 74.3 'The development of a computer-aided building environment and services simuladon model', Architectural Sci. Rev., Vol 15 (1972) No 4, pp 7 7 - 8 5 A description is given of the design and analysis of service systems for creating and maintaining the internal environment o f a high-rise office building. The model forms part of an overall programme of c.a.Ld. being developed at the University o f Sydney, Australia. Kernohan, D. et al 74.4 'Relationship models: analytical techniques for design problem solving', Architectural Des., Vol 43, (1973) No 5 pp 275--278 Three computer-based aids are considered for interpreting association data within the design process. Their relative merits and applications are considered in the context of the design o f a District General Hospital. The programs include: a cluster analysis drawing together highly associated elements; a multi-dimensional scaling program for notional location of associated elements; a routine for suggesting a built form layout. Linzey, M. P . T . 74.5 'Optimum lift design for tall buildings', BuildingSci., Vol 8, (1973) No 1, pp 2 7 - 3 2 Overall building objectives in lift design for tall buildings have been identified and incorporated in a design-and-optimization computer program. The program optimizes the number of rises in a building and the number of floors in each rise. The optimization is based on the economic performance o f the total design and is subject to a comprehensive set o f user conditions.
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Anon 74.8 'Chemical kinetics computer program for static and flow reactions', NASA Tech. Brief B72-10580 (September 1972)
Anon 74.9 'Integrated design and optimization of sodium/sodium heat exchangers with computer assistance', Technology Reports Centre, KFK-1628 Bayes, A. J., McWhinney, W. and Murry, C . R . 74.10 'A program for process design and optimization'Australian Comput. J., Vol 5, No 1 (February 1973) pp 2 3 - 2 8 The paper describes a program for designing a process plant; the application chosen being a crushing train in a sugar mill. The Fortran program is applicable however, to a wide range of processes. The blocks of the process are specified by subroutines having a very simple structure. Connections between blocks are entered as input data to make re-configuration of the plant easy. A wide range o f solution techniques are provided for by the program and a 'language' is defined in which the solution algorithm is specified. Finally, parameter estimation from measured stream values is permitted.
Gay, B. and I~tyne, S.G. 74.11 'Interactive digital simulation on a small computer', Comput. J., Vol 16, No 2 (May 1973) pp 118--121 The paper describes a digital simulation technique implemented on a Honeywell 316 with 12k core, using Basic and Fortran.
The authors state that effective operation only results when using general purpose programming languages and an interactive language to restore some of the advantages of direct access. The Aston Simulation Package (ASP) is mentioned and an example of heat exchanger dynamics is given briefly. Guneratine, D . C . 74.12 'Mathematical model of a vapour compression desalination plant' Atomic Energy Est., Winfrith, UK (May 1973) 23 pp A computer program, VAComp has been developed as a simplified model of a hybrid vapour compression/multi-effect distillation/ multi-stage process. The program has been written and tested and is suitable for further development as knowledge of the process improves. Male, J. and Fitzgerald, D. 74.13 'Pipe sizing by computer - a comparison of three programs' Heating and Ventilating Eng., Vol 47, No 554 (September 1973) pp 1 3 1 - 1 3 9 Three programs are compared, one developed by ICL, the second called ES (Engineering Services) and the third called ARTHUR. The comparison includes taking into account the following: convenience of use, technical requirements, design, labour costs and possible savings in capital costs. The authors conclude that pipe sizing by computer is a practicable alternative to the manual calculation and in general it is both quicker and cheaper. Fowley, C. 74.14 'Pressure vessel shell design made easier with computer programs', Process Eng. (May 1973) p 101 Rosenbaum, H. M. and Goodacre, J . B . 74.15 'Application o f heat pipes and their thermal transport capability', Marconi Rev., Vol 36, No 189 (second quarter 1973) pp 9 3 - 1 2 1 A heat pipe is a two-phase heat transfer device which can have an effective thermal conductivity several hundred times that of a good metallic conductor. The paper describes the basic principles of operation, outlines a number of potential applications and presents the theory for the performance or design calculations. Computer programs for helping in the design and optimization of heat pipes, such as parametric analysis, are mentioned. Current attempts are described for the development of programs for use by people with no technical knowledge of pipes.
Civil and Structural engineering Brusa, L. et al 74.16 'Two-dimensional finite element computer codes for stress analysis and field problems', Energia Nucleare, Vol 20, No 3 (March 1973) pp 1 5 4 - 1 7 1
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
Fairweather, L. 74,2 'Computers: where now?' Archit. J., Vol 156, No 49, (December 1972), pp 1319-1.324 An article on the role of the computer in architecture based on the International Conference at York University, England in September 1972.
Paulus, E. and Zwicker, E. 74.6 'Computer programs for calculating loudness from third octave band levels or from critical band levels', Acoustica, Vol 27, (1972) No 5, pp 2 5 3 - 2 6 6 (in German) Fortran 4 programs are presented for calculating loudness according to Zwicker's graphical procedure. An attempt is made to base the programs on the psychoacoustic foundations of the procedure rather than on the recommended graphs alone. Williams, T. 74.7 'Computer programs for drainage quantities', Surveyor, Vol 141, No 4207 (1973) pp 3 8 - 4 1 A suite of programs is described which reduce the procedure of taking-off to the completion of input forms using information taken directly from design drawings. The working-up, abstracting and billing together with all the other information for the contractor is performed and produced by the computer.
Chemical engineering Forwood, B. 74.3 'The development of a computer-aided building environment and services simuladon model', Architectural Sci. Rev., Vol 15 (1972) No 4, pp 7 7 - 8 5 A description is given of the design and analysis of service systems for creating and maintaining the internal environment o f a high-rise office building. The model forms part of an overall programme of c.a.Ld. being developed at the University o f Sydney, Australia. Kernohan, D. et al 74.4 'Relationship models: analytical techniques for design problem solving', Architectural Des., Vol 43, (1973) No 5 pp 275--278 Three computer-based aids are considered for interpreting association data within the design process. Their relative merits and applications are considered in the context of the design o f a District General Hospital. The programs include: a cluster analysis drawing together highly associated elements; a multi-dimensional scaling program for notional location of associated elements; a routine for suggesting a built form layout. Linzey, M. P . T . 74.5 'Optimum lift design for tall buildings', BuildingSci., Vol 8, (1973) No 1, pp 2 7 - 3 2 Overall building objectives in lift design for tall buildings have been identified and incorporated in a design-and-optimization computer program. The program optimizes the number of rises in a building and the number of floors in each rise. The optimization is based on the economic performance o f the total design and is subject to a comprehensive set o f user conditions.
60
Anon 74.8 'Chemical kinetics computer program for static and flow reactions', NASA Tech. Brief B72-10580 (September 1972)
Anon 74.9 'Integrated design and optimization of sodium/sodium heat exchangers with computer assistance', Technology Reports Centre, KFK-1628 Bayes, A. J., McWhinney, W. and Murry, C . R . 74.10 'A program for process design and optimization'Australian Comput. J., Vol 5, No 1 (February 1973) pp 2 3 - 2 8 The paper describes a program for designing a process plant; the application chosen being a crushing train in a sugar mill. The Fortran program is applicable however, to a wide range of processes. The blocks of the process are specified by subroutines having a very simple structure. Connections between blocks are entered as input data to make re-configuration of the plant easy. A wide range o f solution techniques are provided for by the program and a 'language' is defined in which the solution algorithm is specified. Finally, parameter estimation from measured stream values is permitted.
Gay, B. and I~tyne, S.G. 74.11 'Interactive digital simulation on a small computer', Comput. J., Vol 16, No 2 (May 1973) pp 118--121 The paper describes a digital simulation technique implemented on a Honeywell 316 with 12k core, using Basic and Fortran.
The authors state that effective operation only results when using general purpose programming languages and an interactive language to restore some of the advantages of direct access. The Aston Simulation Package (ASP) is mentioned and an example of heat exchanger dynamics is given briefly. Guneratine, D . C . 74.12 'Mathematical model of a vapour compression desalination plant' Atomic Energy Est., Winfrith, UK (May 1973) 23 pp A computer program, VAComp has been developed as a simplified model of a hybrid vapour compression/multi-effect distillation/ multi-stage process. The program has been written and tested and is suitable for further development as knowledge of the process improves. Male, J. and Fitzgerald, D. 74.13 'Pipe sizing by computer - a comparison of three programs' Heating and Ventilating Eng., Vol 47, No 554 (September 1973) pp 1 3 1 - 1 3 9 Three programs are compared, one developed by ICL, the second called ES (Engineering Services) and the third called ARTHUR. The comparison includes taking into account the following: convenience of use, technical requirements, design, labour costs and possible savings in capital costs. The authors conclude that pipe sizing by computer is a practicable alternative to the manual calculation and in general it is both quicker and cheaper. Fowley, C. 74.14 'Pressure vessel shell design made easier with computer programs', Process Eng. (May 1973) p 101 Rosenbaum, H. M. and Goodacre, J . B . 74.15 'Application o f heat pipes and their thermal transport capability', Marconi Rev., Vol 36, No 189 (second quarter 1973) pp 9 3 - 1 2 1 A heat pipe is a two-phase heat transfer device which can have an effective thermal conductivity several hundred times that of a good metallic conductor. The paper describes the basic principles of operation, outlines a number of potential applications and presents the theory for the performance or design calculations. Computer programs for helping in the design and optimization of heat pipes, such as parametric analysis, are mentioned. Current attempts are described for the development of programs for use by people with no technical knowledge of pipes.
Civil and Structural engineering Brusa, L. et al 74.16 'Two-dimensional finite element computer codes for stress analysis and field problems', Energia Nucleare, Vol 20, No 3 (March 1973) pp 1 5 4 - 1 7 1
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN