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Concretes based on cement with fly ash-microcryst. silica aggregate
04 By-products related to fuels
96/02589 Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide Into C2 + alcohols with Ir-Mo/SI0 2 Nagata, H. et al., Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 657-660. Describes the investigation of hydrogenation of CO2 with Si0 2-supported Ir-Mo bimetallic catalysts. The C2+ alcohols (ethanol, l-propanol and 1butanol) were found to be formed by the synergistic action of Ir and Mo. The CO2 conversion was dependent upon metal impregnation procedures and Mo/Ir molar ratios, but the selectivity to C2+ alcohols was almost constant regardless of these factors. Iridium-Mo/Sio, catalysts exhibited the highest CO2 conversion and yield of C2+ alcohols at a Mo/Ir ratio of about 0.3. The results obtained are similar to those in the CO hydrogenation with Ir-Mo/Si0 2 catalysts.
96/02590
Catalytic production and purification nanotubules having fullerene-scale diameters Ivanov, V. et al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (12), 1727-1738.
of
Carbon nanotubules were produced in a large amount by catalytic decomposition of acetylene in the presence of various supported transition metal cataltsts. The influence of different parameters such as the nature of the support, the size of active metal particles and the reaction conditionson the formation of nanotubles was studied. The process was optimized towards the production of nanotubules having the same diameters as the fullerene tubules obtained from the arc-discharge method. The separation of tubules from the substrate, their purification and opening were also investigated.
96/02591 The characterization of fluorinated graphite Hagaman, E. W. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (3), 430-444. Ib- order to evaluate the elemental fluorine chemical in a matrix simpler than coal, fluorinated graphite was prepared. XPS was used to characterize the surface species, i.e., count CF, CF2 and CF3 species. These well-characterized samples are the models used to test the NMR editing experiments. 96/02592
Characterization of fly ash from Kentucky power
plants
Hower, J. C. et al., Fuel, Mar. 1996, 75, (4), 403-411. Fly ashes from 21 Kentucky power plants were grouped according to the SltIphur content of the feed coal. The highest-carbon fly ashes tended to be from the lowest-sulphur feed coals, partly because many of those plants were smaller and older than the higher-sulphur units. Iron oxide content increased at the expense of aluminium and silicon oxides in the highersulphur feed ashes. An increase in calcium and magnesiumoxides towards the higher-sulphurfeed ashes was due to the greater abundance of carbonate minerals in the higher-sulphur Illinois Basin coals. The highest arsenic values were among electrostatic precipitator ashes from medium-sulphur sources. The arsenic and lead contents of low- and medium-sulphur central Appalachiancoals could be higher than those of high-sulphurIllinois Basin coals.
96/02593
Characterization of Japanese coal ash in recent
years
Tanesaki, T. et al., Chichibu Onoda Kenkyu Hokoku, 1995, 46, (1), 104-125. (In Japanese) As output of coal ash is about to augment, its industrial utilization is expected. In Japan, the change in qualities of coal ash (mainly fly ash), is significant, by using various kinds of foreign coals and by different burning processes. Because unburnt carbon contained in coal ash absorbs water and AE agent etc., application of coal ash to admixture of cement-concrete, is restricted. Chichibu Onoda Cement Corporation has examined industrial utilization of coal ash as replacement for clay as raw materials for cement production, high volume coal ash concrete, and artificial aggregate, filter media, etc., and now its storage characteristics. The paper reports the characteristic properties of coal ash produced recently. The results will accelerate the utilization of coal ash.
CO2-decomposition capacity of H2-reduced ferrites 96/02596 Wada, Y. et al., Energy Converso Mgmt., lun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 641-644. The rate and degree of CO2 decomposition with the H2-reduced magnetite at 300°C was studied with respect to the reduction degree of the material. The CO2 decbmposition proceeded more effectively on the H2-reduced magnetiteby a prolonged H2-reduction. At a low reduction degree of magnetite, CO2 was decomposed to carbon with oxygen-deficient magnetite (ODM). On the other hand, at a high reduction degree, the mixed solid phase of ODM and alpha-Fe decomposed CO2 to carbon, accompanying transformation of the mixed phase to the magnetite phase. The amount of CO2 decomposed reached 30mmol!g of Fe.O, by repeating the H2 reduction and CO2 decompositon 9 times. Coal-tar-pitch-based roofing compositions 96/02597 Bruns, 1. R. (Assigned to) U.S. Intec Inc., PCT Int. WO.95,21,891, Aug. 1995.
96/02598
Comparative assessment of thermodynamic efficiencies and losses for natural gas-based production processes for hydrogen, ammonia and methanol Rosen, M. A. Energy Converso Mgmt., Mar. 1996, 37, (3), 359-367.
Results are reported of comparisons based on energy and exergy analysis of production processesfor hydrogen, ammonia and methanol from natural gas. A version of the Aspen Plus process-simulation computer code, previously enhanced by the author for exergy analysis, is used in the analyses.
96/02599 Comparative investigation of elastic diffuse neutron scattering in Ceo powder Bl:tschko, 0. et aI., Fullerene Sci. & Technol., 1996, 4, (2), 297-302. 96/02600
Comparative reactivity of treated FBC- and PCC-fly ash for 50 2 removal Al-Shawabkeh Ali, et aI., Can. J. Chem. Eng., 1995, 73, (5), 678-685.
Two types of fly ash from fluidized bed and pulverized coal combustors were treated with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OHh) to produce reactive S02 sorbents. Treatment was performed using 28.6 wt.% Ca(OH)/fly ash mixtures, slurried at 350 K for 8 h.
96/02601
Concretes based on cement with fly ashmi&tocryst. silica aggregate Pashkov, I. A. and Dvorkin, O. L. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Strait,
1995, (2), 60-65. (In Russian) Concrete samples were prepared from a mixture containing fly ash, finely dispersed tailings from the production of ferroalloys, and portland cement. The tailings contain mainly microcrystallinesilica; the presence of tailings in the mixture increased the heat of wetting. Increasing bulk concentration of microcrystalline silica improved the viscosity of the cement mortar. A study was made of the changes in the compressive strength of concrete with increased addition of fly ash and microcrystalline silica.
96/02602 Contrasting adsorption exhibited by lignite-based actlvated carbons Allen, S. J. et al., J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 1995,64, (3), 261-267. Discusses sodium benzoate, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol adsorption on five activated carbons made from Northern Ireland lignite. A 2-stage process, chemical activation during lignite charring followed by steam activation, was used to produce the activated carbons. 96/0260~
96/02594
Characterization of modified activated carbons: Equilibria and dynamics studies Ahmadpour, A. and Do, D. D. Carbon, 1995,33, (10), 1393-1398.
The effect of pore structure on the adsorption equilibria and dynamics of a commercial activated carbon has been investigated.
96/02595
CO2 recycling for hydrogen storage and transportation -electrochemical CO2 removal and fixation Bandi, A et al., Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6),
899-902. Experimental results of a combined absorption and electrodialysis process for the CO2 recovery from the atmosphere are presented as the first step in an environmentally neutral fuel production. Furthermore, preliminary results on the electrochemical reduction of CO2 on porous electrodes in aqueous solutions, on mixed oxide electrodes in a high pressure electrochemical cell in liquid CO,- and some aspects of the electrochemical adsorption and reduction of cO 2 and Pd-Fe alloys are discussed.
184
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
Controlled stress, oscillatory rheometry mesoptiese-pitches Cheung, T. et al., Carbon, 1995,33, (12), 1673-1679.
of
The rheology Df mesophase-pitches, having different percentage mesophase content, has been investigated by means of controlled stress, oscillatory rheometry. Three thermally transformed mesophase-pitches with rnesophase contents in the range 60-95%, together with a 100% optically anisotropicsynthetic mesophase-pitch were studied. With the application of the time-temperature superposition principle, the viscoelastic behaviour of these mesophase-pitches was revealed.
96/02604
Coprocessing of waste plastics with coal and petroleum resid Joo, H. K. and Curtis, C. W. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (3), 643-647.
Describes how petroleum resid was used as solvent in the coprocessing of coal and waste plastics. The reactivity,conversion and the product distribution were studied.
96/02589 Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide Into C2 + alcohols with Ir-Mo/SI0 2 Nagata, H. et al., Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 657-660. Describes the investigation of hydrogenation of CO2 with Si0 2-supported Ir-Mo bimetallic catalysts. The C2+ alcohols (ethanol, l-propanol and 1butanol) were found to be formed by the synergistic action of Ir and Mo. The CO2 conversion was dependent upon metal impregnation procedures and Mo/Ir molar ratios, but the selectivity to C2+ alcohols was almost constant regardless of these factors. Iridium-Mo/Sio, catalysts exhibited the highest CO2 conversion and yield of C2+ alcohols at a Mo/Ir ratio of about 0.3. The results obtained are similar to those in the CO hydrogenation with Ir-Mo/Si0 2 catalysts.
96/02590
Catalytic production and purification nanotubules having fullerene-scale diameters Ivanov, V. et al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (12), 1727-1738.
of
Carbon nanotubules were produced in a large amount by catalytic decomposition of acetylene in the presence of various supported transition metal cataltsts. The influence of different parameters such as the nature of the support, the size of active metal particles and the reaction conditionson the formation of nanotubles was studied. The process was optimized towards the production of nanotubules having the same diameters as the fullerene tubules obtained from the arc-discharge method. The separation of tubules from the substrate, their purification and opening were also investigated.
96/02591 The characterization of fluorinated graphite Hagaman, E. W. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (3), 430-444. Ib- order to evaluate the elemental fluorine chemical in a matrix simpler than coal, fluorinated graphite was prepared. XPS was used to characterize the surface species, i.e., count CF, CF2 and CF3 species. These well-characterized samples are the models used to test the NMR editing experiments. 96/02592
Characterization of fly ash from Kentucky power
plants
Hower, J. C. et al., Fuel, Mar. 1996, 75, (4), 403-411. Fly ashes from 21 Kentucky power plants were grouped according to the SltIphur content of the feed coal. The highest-carbon fly ashes tended to be from the lowest-sulphur feed coals, partly because many of those plants were smaller and older than the higher-sulphur units. Iron oxide content increased at the expense of aluminium and silicon oxides in the highersulphur feed ashes. An increase in calcium and magnesiumoxides towards the higher-sulphurfeed ashes was due to the greater abundance of carbonate minerals in the higher-sulphur Illinois Basin coals. The highest arsenic values were among electrostatic precipitator ashes from medium-sulphur sources. The arsenic and lead contents of low- and medium-sulphur central Appalachiancoals could be higher than those of high-sulphurIllinois Basin coals.
96/02593
Characterization of Japanese coal ash in recent
years
Tanesaki, T. et al., Chichibu Onoda Kenkyu Hokoku, 1995, 46, (1), 104-125. (In Japanese) As output of coal ash is about to augment, its industrial utilization is expected. In Japan, the change in qualities of coal ash (mainly fly ash), is significant, by using various kinds of foreign coals and by different burning processes. Because unburnt carbon contained in coal ash absorbs water and AE agent etc., application of coal ash to admixture of cement-concrete, is restricted. Chichibu Onoda Cement Corporation has examined industrial utilization of coal ash as replacement for clay as raw materials for cement production, high volume coal ash concrete, and artificial aggregate, filter media, etc., and now its storage characteristics. The paper reports the characteristic properties of coal ash produced recently. The results will accelerate the utilization of coal ash.
CO2-decomposition capacity of H2-reduced ferrites 96/02596 Wada, Y. et al., Energy Converso Mgmt., lun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 641-644. The rate and degree of CO2 decomposition with the H2-reduced magnetite at 300°C was studied with respect to the reduction degree of the material. The CO2 decbmposition proceeded more effectively on the H2-reduced magnetiteby a prolonged H2-reduction. At a low reduction degree of magnetite, CO2 was decomposed to carbon with oxygen-deficient magnetite (ODM). On the other hand, at a high reduction degree, the mixed solid phase of ODM and alpha-Fe decomposed CO2 to carbon, accompanying transformation of the mixed phase to the magnetite phase. The amount of CO2 decomposed reached 30mmol!g of Fe.O, by repeating the H2 reduction and CO2 decompositon 9 times. Coal-tar-pitch-based roofing compositions 96/02597 Bruns, 1. R. (Assigned to) U.S. Intec Inc., PCT Int. WO.95,21,891, Aug. 1995.
96/02598
Comparative assessment of thermodynamic efficiencies and losses for natural gas-based production processes for hydrogen, ammonia and methanol Rosen, M. A. Energy Converso Mgmt., Mar. 1996, 37, (3), 359-367.
Results are reported of comparisons based on energy and exergy analysis of production processesfor hydrogen, ammonia and methanol from natural gas. A version of the Aspen Plus process-simulation computer code, previously enhanced by the author for exergy analysis, is used in the analyses.
96/02599 Comparative investigation of elastic diffuse neutron scattering in Ceo powder Bl:tschko, 0. et aI., Fullerene Sci. & Technol., 1996, 4, (2), 297-302. 96/02600
Comparative reactivity of treated FBC- and PCC-fly ash for 50 2 removal Al-Shawabkeh Ali, et aI., Can. J. Chem. Eng., 1995, 73, (5), 678-685.
Two types of fly ash from fluidized bed and pulverized coal combustors were treated with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OHh) to produce reactive S02 sorbents. Treatment was performed using 28.6 wt.% Ca(OH)/fly ash mixtures, slurried at 350 K for 8 h.
96/02601
Concretes based on cement with fly ashmi&tocryst. silica aggregate Pashkov, I. A. and Dvorkin, O. L. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Strait,
1995, (2), 60-65. (In Russian) Concrete samples were prepared from a mixture containing fly ash, finely dispersed tailings from the production of ferroalloys, and portland cement. The tailings contain mainly microcrystallinesilica; the presence of tailings in the mixture increased the heat of wetting. Increasing bulk concentration of microcrystalline silica improved the viscosity of the cement mortar. A study was made of the changes in the compressive strength of concrete with increased addition of fly ash and microcrystalline silica.
96/02602 Contrasting adsorption exhibited by lignite-based actlvated carbons Allen, S. J. et al., J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 1995,64, (3), 261-267. Discusses sodium benzoate, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol adsorption on five activated carbons made from Northern Ireland lignite. A 2-stage process, chemical activation during lignite charring followed by steam activation, was used to produce the activated carbons. 96/0260~
96/02594
Characterization of modified activated carbons: Equilibria and dynamics studies Ahmadpour, A. and Do, D. D. Carbon, 1995,33, (10), 1393-1398.
The effect of pore structure on the adsorption equilibria and dynamics of a commercial activated carbon has been investigated.
96/02595
CO2 recycling for hydrogen storage and transportation -electrochemical CO2 removal and fixation Bandi, A et al., Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6),
899-902. Experimental results of a combined absorption and electrodialysis process for the CO2 recovery from the atmosphere are presented as the first step in an environmentally neutral fuel production. Furthermore, preliminary results on the electrochemical reduction of CO2 on porous electrodes in aqueous solutions, on mixed oxide electrodes in a high pressure electrochemical cell in liquid CO,- and some aspects of the electrochemical adsorption and reduction of cO 2 and Pd-Fe alloys are discussed.
184
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
Controlled stress, oscillatory rheometry mesoptiese-pitches Cheung, T. et al., Carbon, 1995,33, (12), 1673-1679.
of
The rheology Df mesophase-pitches, having different percentage mesophase content, has been investigated by means of controlled stress, oscillatory rheometry. Three thermally transformed mesophase-pitches with rnesophase contents in the range 60-95%, together with a 100% optically anisotropicsynthetic mesophase-pitch were studied. With the application of the time-temperature superposition principle, the viscoelastic behaviour of these mesophase-pitches was revealed.
96/02604
Coprocessing of waste plastics with coal and petroleum resid Joo, H. K. and Curtis, C. W. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (3), 643-647.
Describes how petroleum resid was used as solvent in the coprocessing of coal and waste plastics. The reactivity,conversion and the product distribution were studied.