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Condensation of organosilicon dicarboxylic keto acids with glycol
Abstracts
327
THE EFFECT OF THE NATURE AND QUANTITY OF EMULSIFIER ON THE RATE OF EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE
C h z h a n Z s i n - y u i , C h e n Tse, S u n ' T s y a - c h z e n , G a o G o - t s i n , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 1: No. 5, 6 9 8 - 7 0 3 , 1959. A ST~D¥ has been made of the effect of the nature and quantity of emulsifier on ~he rat~ of emulsion polymerization. I t has been found that the surface of the polymer particles depends upon the nature of the emulsifier, while the surface of the polymer-monomer particles determines the rate of polymerization. The results confirm the assumption as to the polymerization taking place in the adsorption layer of the polymer-monomer particles. CONDENSATION OF ORGANOSILICON DICARBOXYLIC KETO ACIDS WITH GLYCOL
K . A. A n d r i a n o v , A. A. Z h d a n o v , V. A. O d i n e t s , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n , l : No. 5, 7 0 4 - 7 1 0 , 1959. A METHOD has been described tbr the synthesis of diketodicarboxylic acids with varying content of dimethylsiloxane units and the polycondensation of bis (o-carboxyphenylketobenzyl) dodecamethylhexasiloxane with glycol and maleic anhydride has been investigated. I t has been established that on prolonged polycondensation of glycol with the dicarboxylic acids containing more t h a n two dimethylsiloxane units, a rearrangement occurs with the formation of polydimethylsiloxanes and polyesters with disiloxane units. GEL FORMATION IN METHANOL SOLUTIONS OF POLYMETHACRYLIC ACID
Yu. S. L i p a t o v a n d P. I. Z u b o v , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 1: No. 5, 7 1 1 - 7 1 4 , 1959. ThE specific viscosity of methanol solutions of polymethacrylic acid at concentrations up to 5~o has been investigated at 20 and 55 ° with respect to the degree of neutralization. It has been found that addition of NaOH to a solution of low concentration leads to decrease in the specific viscosity owing to decrease in solubility in methanol of the partially neutralized polymethacrylie acid and coiling of the polymer chain. At concentrations above 5(}o and degree of neutralization 10~o, gel formation takes place on heating. The heat of aggregation is abotlt 20,000 cal/mole. Gel formation in methanol solutions of polymethacrylie acid is observed to takeplace at room temperature on adding strontium oxide to 3% solutions in amounts comprising 5°/o with respect to the carboxyl groups. The conclusion has been drawn that a general condition for gel formation is the change of solubility in the given solvent of constituent groups of the polymer molecule. A STUDY OF THE PACKING DENSITY OF COTTON CELLULOSE PREPARATIONS
V. S. S h a r k o v , V. P. L e v a n o v a , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 1: No. 5, 7 3 0 - 7 3 7 , 1959. TIlE supermolecular structure of natural, mercerized and dry ground cotton cellulose has been investigated by following the changes in density of the residues in the course of passage of the cellulose into solution during alcoholysis and hydrolysis. With the aid of this method the presence has t)een shown of strained regions in the cellulose preparations, the preparations increasing in density on breakdown of these regions. After ultimate packing has set in the specific weight of the cellulose exhibits no fllrther change up to the end of the alcoholysis or hydrolysis process. I t has been shown that during dry grinding the cellulose preparations have a tendency to form looser structures. The latter becomes denser in the presence of water. Still close packing under the influence of water is hindered by hydrogen bonding between the macromolecules of the loose preparations.
327
THE EFFECT OF THE NATURE AND QUANTITY OF EMULSIFIER ON THE RATE OF EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE
C h z h a n Z s i n - y u i , C h e n Tse, S u n ' T s y a - c h z e n , G a o G o - t s i n , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 1: No. 5, 6 9 8 - 7 0 3 , 1959. A ST~D¥ has been made of the effect of the nature and quantity of emulsifier on ~he rat~ of emulsion polymerization. I t has been found that the surface of the polymer particles depends upon the nature of the emulsifier, while the surface of the polymer-monomer particles determines the rate of polymerization. The results confirm the assumption as to the polymerization taking place in the adsorption layer of the polymer-monomer particles. CONDENSATION OF ORGANOSILICON DICARBOXYLIC KETO ACIDS WITH GLYCOL
K . A. A n d r i a n o v , A. A. Z h d a n o v , V. A. O d i n e t s , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n , l : No. 5, 7 0 4 - 7 1 0 , 1959. A METHOD has been described tbr the synthesis of diketodicarboxylic acids with varying content of dimethylsiloxane units and the polycondensation of bis (o-carboxyphenylketobenzyl) dodecamethylhexasiloxane with glycol and maleic anhydride has been investigated. I t has been established that on prolonged polycondensation of glycol with the dicarboxylic acids containing more t h a n two dimethylsiloxane units, a rearrangement occurs with the formation of polydimethylsiloxanes and polyesters with disiloxane units. GEL FORMATION IN METHANOL SOLUTIONS OF POLYMETHACRYLIC ACID
Yu. S. L i p a t o v a n d P. I. Z u b o v , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 1: No. 5, 7 1 1 - 7 1 4 , 1959. ThE specific viscosity of methanol solutions of polymethacrylic acid at concentrations up to 5~o has been investigated at 20 and 55 ° with respect to the degree of neutralization. It has been found that addition of NaOH to a solution of low concentration leads to decrease in the specific viscosity owing to decrease in solubility in methanol of the partially neutralized polymethacrylie acid and coiling of the polymer chain. At concentrations above 5(}o and degree of neutralization 10~o, gel formation takes place on heating. The heat of aggregation is abotlt 20,000 cal/mole. Gel formation in methanol solutions of polymethacrylie acid is observed to takeplace at room temperature on adding strontium oxide to 3% solutions in amounts comprising 5°/o with respect to the carboxyl groups. The conclusion has been drawn that a general condition for gel formation is the change of solubility in the given solvent of constituent groups of the polymer molecule. A STUDY OF THE PACKING DENSITY OF COTTON CELLULOSE PREPARATIONS
V. S. S h a r k o v , V. P. L e v a n o v a , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 1: No. 5, 7 3 0 - 7 3 7 , 1959. TIlE supermolecular structure of natural, mercerized and dry ground cotton cellulose has been investigated by following the changes in density of the residues in the course of passage of the cellulose into solution during alcoholysis and hydrolysis. With the aid of this method the presence has t)een shown of strained regions in the cellulose preparations, the preparations increasing in density on breakdown of these regions. After ultimate packing has set in the specific weight of the cellulose exhibits no fllrther change up to the end of the alcoholysis or hydrolysis process. I t has been shown that during dry grinding the cellulose preparations have a tendency to form looser structures. The latter becomes denser in the presence of water. Still close packing under the influence of water is hindered by hydrogen bonding between the macromolecules of the loose preparations.