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Constitution
CONSTITUTION ARTICLE I NAME
The association shall be known as the Association for Research in Ophthalmology, Inc. ARTICLE II OBJECTS
The objects of the association are set forth in its application for a charter as follows : To encourage, promote, foster, and assist investigations and research in ophthalmology; in furtherance of the purpose of the corporation to purchase, lease, or otherwise acquire, hold, sell, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of real and personal property or any interest therein ; to receive, hold, and invest funds and endowments and to receive and expend the income thereof, and to hold and dispose of such sums of money as may be deemed expedient ; and generally to do any and all things which may be necessary or proper in connection with the objects and purposes of the corporation and which may not be contrary to law. ARTICLE H I MEMBERS
Members of recognized ophthalmologic societies in the United States and Canada and other individuals especially qualified shall be eligible to membership when proposed in writing by a member of the association and shall become members upon election by the Board of Trustees after the recommendation of the committee on admissions, upon payment of the dues hereinafter provided for. 1. Educational Membership. Individuals may be elected to this class of membership during a period of graduate education in ophthalmology or related scientific fields and/or during a period of full-time research. In no instance may an educational membership be held longer than three years without reapplication. 2. Active Membership. Individuals not eligible for educational membership shall be elected to active membership but may choose either this class or sustaining membership. 3. Sustaining Membership. Individuals elected to membership in any class may voluntarily choose to become sustaining members. 4. Life Membership. Upon recommenda'tion of the Board of Trustees and by a majority vote of the members of the association present at its annual meeting, a member may be elected to life membership. 5. Honorary Membership. Upon recommendation of the Board of Trustees and by unanimous vote of the members of the association present at its annual meeting, an individual may be elected to honorary membership. ARTICLE rv BOARD OF TRUSTEES
There shall be a Board of Trustees consisting of six members, who shall be elected for a term of six years, and the secretary-treasurer of the association. The secretary-treasurer of the association shall be a member of the Board of Trustees, ex officio. The senior member of the Board of Trustees shall be chairman and in the absence of the chairman the member next in seniority shall act as chairman. At the first meeting of the board, the members shall draw lots for the purpose of determining which of them shall serve for one year, which for two, which for three, which for four, which for five, and which for six years ; and the term 259
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of each member shall come to an end according to the lot which he shall have drawn. At the first annual meeting thereafter, a member of the association shall be nominated for the Board of Trustees by the nominating committee of the association for a term of six years in the place of the member whose term then expires, and thereafter at each meeting a member of the Board of Trustees shall be elected for a term of six years. ARTICLE v OFFICERS
The officers of the association shall be a secretary-treasurer and a section secretary and a chairman for each section. ARTICLE VI SECTIONS
Regional, national, or international sections of the association may be established by petition of twenty members in various geographical units either within or outside of the United States. The officers of the sections shall be a section secretary nominated by the secretary-treasurer and approved by the Board of Trustees and a chairman elected by the section. ARTICLE VII NOMINATING COMMITTEE
The Board of Trustees shall appoint at each annual meeting a nominating committee of three to serve for the following year. It shall be the duty of the nominating committee to nominate members for the office of secretary-treasurer and one member of the Board of Trustees. ARTICLE VIII DUTIES AND POWER OF OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES
The Board of Trustees shall have general charge of the affairs, funds, and property of the association. It shall prepare the programs for the meetings of the association. It shall also appoint a committee on publications and a committee on admissions. It shall elect desirable applicants for membership approved by the committee on admissions. It shall have full power and it shall be its duty to carry out the purpose of the association according to the Charter, Constitution, and By-laws. A majority of its members shall constitute a quorum. Between meetings of the Board of Trustees, the executive power of the association shall be vested in the chairman of the Board of Trustees and the secretary-treasurer. Chairman of the Board of Trustees. The chairman of the Board of Trustees is the chief executive of the association. He shall preside at all meetings, call all meetings, and perform all duties customary to the office. Secretary-Treasurer. The secretary-treasurer shall keep a record of the proceedings of all meetings; shall notify officers, trustees, and members of committees of their election; certify official records ; keep a list of members ; issue notices of all meetings ; and perform all duties which may be required of him. He shall have charge of all funds of the association ; he shall keep the same and make disbursements therefrom as directed by the Board of Trustees. He shall also obtain two copies of all scientific communications at the time the papers are read. The secretary-treasurer shall furnish bond and have his accounts audited yearly by a certified accountant.
BY-LAWS
261
Section Secretary. Section secretaries shall act as assistants to the secretary-treasurer and will serve as secretaries of sectional organizations. The Section Chairman shall act as assistant to the chairman of the Board of Trustees in the execution of sectional meetings of the association. He shall preside at all meetings of the sections, call all such meetings and perform all executive duties customary to the office. ARTICLE IX ELECTION OF OFFICERS
The secretary-treasurer of the association shall be elected by ballot at the annual meeting to serve for one year. A member of the association shall be elected to the Board of Trustees by ballot at each annual meeting to serve for six years. Vacancies occurring in any office shall be filled by the Board of Trustees for the unexpired term until the next annual election. With the approval of the Board of Trustees, the secretary-treasurer shall appoint a member of each section to act as sectional secretary for one year. ARTICLE X MEETINGS
The annual meeting of the association shall be held at a time and place selected by the Board of Trustees. Sectional meetings shall be held at a time and place selected by the section secretary and chairman and approved by the secretary-treasurer and a member of the Board of Trustees. ARTICLE XI AMENDMENTS
Amendments to the Constitution may be made in the following manner : The amendment shall be written and shall be signed by three members of the association and submitted to the Board of Trustees at least thirty days before the annual meeting of the association. At the next annual meeting thereafter the Board of Trustees shall report at the meeting upon said proposed amendment. The amendment shall then be voted upon and two thirds of all the votes cast at the meeting shall be necessary for the adoption of the amendment.
BY-LAWS ARTICLE I MEETINGS
Meetings of the association shall be held at such time and place as the Board of Trustees shall determine. Twenty members shall constitute a quorum of the executive sessions of the meetings. ARTICLE II COMMITTEE ON ADMISSIONS
The Board of Trustees shall appoint annually a committee upon admissions consisting of three members. The names of all applicants shall be submitted to said committee which shall report its recommendations to the Board of Trustees.
The association shall be known as the Association for Research in Ophthalmology, Inc. ARTICLE II OBJECTS
The objects of the association are set forth in its application for a charter as follows : To encourage, promote, foster, and assist investigations and research in ophthalmology; in furtherance of the purpose of the corporation to purchase, lease, or otherwise acquire, hold, sell, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of real and personal property or any interest therein ; to receive, hold, and invest funds and endowments and to receive and expend the income thereof, and to hold and dispose of such sums of money as may be deemed expedient ; and generally to do any and all things which may be necessary or proper in connection with the objects and purposes of the corporation and which may not be contrary to law. ARTICLE H I MEMBERS
Members of recognized ophthalmologic societies in the United States and Canada and other individuals especially qualified shall be eligible to membership when proposed in writing by a member of the association and shall become members upon election by the Board of Trustees after the recommendation of the committee on admissions, upon payment of the dues hereinafter provided for. 1. Educational Membership. Individuals may be elected to this class of membership during a period of graduate education in ophthalmology or related scientific fields and/or during a period of full-time research. In no instance may an educational membership be held longer than three years without reapplication. 2. Active Membership. Individuals not eligible for educational membership shall be elected to active membership but may choose either this class or sustaining membership. 3. Sustaining Membership. Individuals elected to membership in any class may voluntarily choose to become sustaining members. 4. Life Membership. Upon recommenda'tion of the Board of Trustees and by a majority vote of the members of the association present at its annual meeting, a member may be elected to life membership. 5. Honorary Membership. Upon recommendation of the Board of Trustees and by unanimous vote of the members of the association present at its annual meeting, an individual may be elected to honorary membership. ARTICLE rv BOARD OF TRUSTEES
There shall be a Board of Trustees consisting of six members, who shall be elected for a term of six years, and the secretary-treasurer of the association. The secretary-treasurer of the association shall be a member of the Board of Trustees, ex officio. The senior member of the Board of Trustees shall be chairman and in the absence of the chairman the member next in seniority shall act as chairman. At the first meeting of the board, the members shall draw lots for the purpose of determining which of them shall serve for one year, which for two, which for three, which for four, which for five, and which for six years ; and the term 259
260
ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN OPHTHALMOLOGY
of each member shall come to an end according to the lot which he shall have drawn. At the first annual meeting thereafter, a member of the association shall be nominated for the Board of Trustees by the nominating committee of the association for a term of six years in the place of the member whose term then expires, and thereafter at each meeting a member of the Board of Trustees shall be elected for a term of six years. ARTICLE v OFFICERS
The officers of the association shall be a secretary-treasurer and a section secretary and a chairman for each section. ARTICLE VI SECTIONS
Regional, national, or international sections of the association may be established by petition of twenty members in various geographical units either within or outside of the United States. The officers of the sections shall be a section secretary nominated by the secretary-treasurer and approved by the Board of Trustees and a chairman elected by the section. ARTICLE VII NOMINATING COMMITTEE
The Board of Trustees shall appoint at each annual meeting a nominating committee of three to serve for the following year. It shall be the duty of the nominating committee to nominate members for the office of secretary-treasurer and one member of the Board of Trustees. ARTICLE VIII DUTIES AND POWER OF OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES
The Board of Trustees shall have general charge of the affairs, funds, and property of the association. It shall prepare the programs for the meetings of the association. It shall also appoint a committee on publications and a committee on admissions. It shall elect desirable applicants for membership approved by the committee on admissions. It shall have full power and it shall be its duty to carry out the purpose of the association according to the Charter, Constitution, and By-laws. A majority of its members shall constitute a quorum. Between meetings of the Board of Trustees, the executive power of the association shall be vested in the chairman of the Board of Trustees and the secretary-treasurer. Chairman of the Board of Trustees. The chairman of the Board of Trustees is the chief executive of the association. He shall preside at all meetings, call all meetings, and perform all duties customary to the office. Secretary-Treasurer. The secretary-treasurer shall keep a record of the proceedings of all meetings; shall notify officers, trustees, and members of committees of their election; certify official records ; keep a list of members ; issue notices of all meetings ; and perform all duties which may be required of him. He shall have charge of all funds of the association ; he shall keep the same and make disbursements therefrom as directed by the Board of Trustees. He shall also obtain two copies of all scientific communications at the time the papers are read. The secretary-treasurer shall furnish bond and have his accounts audited yearly by a certified accountant.
BY-LAWS
261
Section Secretary. Section secretaries shall act as assistants to the secretary-treasurer and will serve as secretaries of sectional organizations. The Section Chairman shall act as assistant to the chairman of the Board of Trustees in the execution of sectional meetings of the association. He shall preside at all meetings of the sections, call all such meetings and perform all executive duties customary to the office. ARTICLE IX ELECTION OF OFFICERS
The secretary-treasurer of the association shall be elected by ballot at the annual meeting to serve for one year. A member of the association shall be elected to the Board of Trustees by ballot at each annual meeting to serve for six years. Vacancies occurring in any office shall be filled by the Board of Trustees for the unexpired term until the next annual election. With the approval of the Board of Trustees, the secretary-treasurer shall appoint a member of each section to act as sectional secretary for one year. ARTICLE X MEETINGS
The annual meeting of the association shall be held at a time and place selected by the Board of Trustees. Sectional meetings shall be held at a time and place selected by the section secretary and chairman and approved by the secretary-treasurer and a member of the Board of Trustees. ARTICLE XI AMENDMENTS
Amendments to the Constitution may be made in the following manner : The amendment shall be written and shall be signed by three members of the association and submitted to the Board of Trustees at least thirty days before the annual meeting of the association. At the next annual meeting thereafter the Board of Trustees shall report at the meeting upon said proposed amendment. The amendment shall then be voted upon and two thirds of all the votes cast at the meeting shall be necessary for the adoption of the amendment.
BY-LAWS ARTICLE I MEETINGS
Meetings of the association shall be held at such time and place as the Board of Trustees shall determine. Twenty members shall constitute a quorum of the executive sessions of the meetings. ARTICLE II COMMITTEE ON ADMISSIONS
The Board of Trustees shall appoint annually a committee upon admissions consisting of three members. The names of all applicants shall be submitted to said committee which shall report its recommendations to the Board of Trustees.