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Consumption of Peaches, Plums and Nectarines is Associated with Better Nutrient Intakes, Improved Anthropometric Measurements, and Reduced Risk of Hypertension in NHANES 1999–2002
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25
POSTER SESSION: WELLNESS AND PUBLIC HEALTH TITLE: STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING AND PREVENTING WEIGHT GAIN, DYSLIPIDEMIA, AND DIABETES WITH ANTIPSYCHOTIC USE—THE CENTRAL STATE HOSPITAL WELLNESS INITIATIVE AUTHOR(S): C.G. Arnold, MS, RD, LD; L.R. Zahradnicek, MS, RD, LD; L.A. Hill, RD, LD
TITLE: CONSUMPTION OF PEACHES, PLUMS AND NECTARINES IS ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER NUTRIENT INTAKES, IMPROVED ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS, AND REDUCED RISK OF HYPERTENSION IN NHANES 1999 – 2002
LEARNING OUTCOME: To understand the nutritional implications associated with the metabolic effects of second generation antipsychotic use and role of wellness in prevention.
AUTHOR(S): K.A. Beals, PhD, RD; V.L. Fulgoni, III, PhD; Fleishman-Hillard, Inc., Sacramento, CA; Nutrition Impact, LLC, Battle Creek, MI
TEXT: Second generation antipsychotic (SGA) medications are now linked to a spectrum of metabolic side effects including weight gain, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and altered glucose metabolism. In the mentally ill population, rates of obesity as well as diabetes and dyslipidemia are two to three times that of the general population. Literature suggests that these effects may be more prevalent in a residential/institutional setting. The Clinical Nutrition Department at Central State Hospital, an in-patient psychiatric facility, found that 72% of patients were overweight or clinically obese upon admission. During their stay the majority gained a significant amount of undesirable weight (defined as ⱖ 5% of admission weight). This data set the precedence for needed change in practice and a major paradigm shift to a wellness model. The department proposed an interdisciplinary Wellness Project that would provide increased nutrition education and intervention, increased activity, individual empowerment about health issues, and measures to prevent weight gain. The Wellness Initiative has significantly improved the overall health status of patients and increased both staff and patient focus on nutrition. Improvements include mandatory lipid and glucose screening upon admission and every three months, prescription of therapeutic diets if ⬎5% weight gain or lipid/glucose abnormalities, healthier menus, limited patient access to high calorie beverages between meals, increased consultation with a dietitian, and use of pedometers to track patient activity level. A wellness-centered program providing early, intensive intervention is an effective way to offset the negative metabolic effects associated with SGA use.
LEARNING OUTCOME: To understand the association between the consumption of peaches, plums and nectarines, nutrient intakes, and health parameters using National Heath and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 –2002 data.
FUNDING DISCLOSURE: None
TEXT: The impact of consuming peaches, plums, and nectarines (PPN) on nutrient intakes and health parameters in adults (20⫹ yrs) was examined using the NHANES 1999 –2002 data (N⫽ 8,374, after excluding those with unreliable diet records and those pregnant/lactating). PPN consumers (N⫽309) were defined as those individuals consuming at least one serving of peaches, plums or nectarines within the 24-hr recording period. Means, standard errors and ANOVA (adjusted for race, gender, age and caloric intake) were calculated using appropriate sample weights. Compared to nonconsumers, PPN consumers had higher intakes of dietary fiber (20.2⫾0.8 vs 15.6⫾0.2 g), vitamin C (118⫾6.3 vs 94.2⫾2.7 mg), magnesium (315⫾6 vs 283⫾3 mg), and potassium (3194⫾68 vs 2740⫾21 mg) and lower intakes of added sugars (18.4⫾1.0 vs 22.0⫾0.5 tsp) p ⬍0.05). PPN consumers had lower body weights (77.6⫾0.9 vs 80.3⫾0.4 kg) and BMIs (27.2⫾0.3 vs 28.1⫾0.1 kg/m2) than non-consumers (p ⬍0.05). Consuming PPN was associated with a reduced risk (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.98) of elevated blood pressure (ⱖ130 mm Hg systole) and a reduced risk (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.92) of elevated waist circumference (⬎40” in men and ⬎35” in women). These results suggest that consuming peaches, plums and nectarines is positively associated with nutrient intake, improved anthropometric measurements and reduced risk of hypertension. FUNDING DISCLOSURE: Sponsored by the California Tree Fruit Agreement
TITLE: CHANGES IN BODY WEIGHT, BODY COMPOSITION, RESTING METABOLIC RATE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN COLLEGE FRESHMEN AT THE END OF ONE SEMESTER AND AGAIN AT ONE YEAR AUTHOR(S): D. Greiner, MS; T. Holmes, PhD, RD/LD; C.B. Hollenbeck, PhD; K. Sucher, ScD, RD; San Jose State University, CA; University of Central Oklahoma, OK LEARNING OUTCOME: Participants will be able to identify the nature of changes in body weight, body composition and resting metabolic rate among first semester college freshmen. TEXT: The purpose of the present study was to document changes that might occur to body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), diet and exercise in college freshmen during their first semester. Sixty-three students were followed for one 16-week semester. Height, weight, body composition, RMR and physical activity were assessed at baseline and 16-weeks. Body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance (BIA); RMR was determined by oxygen consumption. Mean (⫾ SEM) age was 18.0⫾1.5 yrs. Forty-four individuals (70%) gained ⱖ2 lbs., while 28 (38%) gained ⱖ5 lbs. Body weight tended to increase continuously with time (p⫽0.0001). A small but significant change in % fat mass (FM) was noted in women (⫹2.1⫾1.0%; p⬍0.002) but not in men. There were no significant changes in RMR or kcal intake. However, correlations between ⌬wt and ⌬RMR (r⫽0.47), ⌬wt and ⌬fat mass (r⫽0.30) were significant. Individuals who met the American College of Sports Medicine minimum guidelines for exercise gained less weight (0.8⫾1.1lbs) than those who did not (3.1⫾0.9lbs). A sub-set of students (n⫽29) were studied again at 1 year. At 1 year, there was no longer a significant weight gain from baseline (⫹0.8⫾1.1lbs; p⫽0.23). The results from this study clearly support the notion that freshmen gain weight upon entering college and this weight gain is accompanied by an increase in FM in women. Furthermore, individuals who maintain moderate physical activity appeared to be protected from this weight gain. Finally, preliminary data suggest that this weight gain may not be sustained over an entire year. FUNDING DISCLOSURE: Zellmer Scholarship Grant, California Dietetic Association; Circle of Friends, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, San Jose State University
TITLE: THE PREVALENCE OF LOW CARBOHYDRATE DIETS AMONG MARATHON RUNNERS AUTHOR(S): J.R. Schumacher; R.W. Cullen, PhD, RD; M.A. Wilson, EdD, RD; Illinois State University LEARNING OUTCOME: Assess behaviors of carbohydrate consumption and identify the frequency of low carbohydrate dieting among marathon runners. TEXT: Marathon participation is on the rise, and the importance of nutrition for endurance performance is well established. The recent growing popularity of low carbohydrate dieting, documented by the sales of books and specialty foods, is influencing the diet of many Americans. Few studies have examined the prevalence of low carbohydrate dieting among marathoners. Low carbohydrate diets are thought to impair endurance and optimal performance. The prevalence of low carbohydrate dieting, restrictive eating patterns and carbohydrate loading were assessed in marathon runners and compared to the variables BMI, average training miles, gender, age, number of marathon completed, and consecutive years running. A convenience sample of 225 runners, 48.5% of race participants, was surveyed at a Midwestern metropolitan marathon. Of the runners surveyed, 33 (15.6%) had at one time tried a low carbohydrate diet, but only 4 (1.9%) were currently on the diet. The restraint scale portion of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire was used to assess dietary restraint, and the only statistically significant relationship was with average miles training. No statistically significant differences were found among the carbohydrate loading technique used prior to the event and study variables. These results can assist professionals in understanding the dietary techniques used by marathon runners. Though the standard population is promoting low carbohydrate diets, marathon runners are not gravitating towards them. Dietetics professionals need to be aware of the carbohydrate consumption behaviors of marathon runners in order to provide appropriate nutrition education to ensure healthy energy levels and improve race performances. FUNDING DISCLOSURE: Self-funded
Journal of the AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION / A-61
POSTER SESSION: WELLNESS AND PUBLIC HEALTH TITLE: STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING AND PREVENTING WEIGHT GAIN, DYSLIPIDEMIA, AND DIABETES WITH ANTIPSYCHOTIC USE—THE CENTRAL STATE HOSPITAL WELLNESS INITIATIVE AUTHOR(S): C.G. Arnold, MS, RD, LD; L.R. Zahradnicek, MS, RD, LD; L.A. Hill, RD, LD
TITLE: CONSUMPTION OF PEACHES, PLUMS AND NECTARINES IS ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER NUTRIENT INTAKES, IMPROVED ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS, AND REDUCED RISK OF HYPERTENSION IN NHANES 1999 – 2002
LEARNING OUTCOME: To understand the nutritional implications associated with the metabolic effects of second generation antipsychotic use and role of wellness in prevention.
AUTHOR(S): K.A. Beals, PhD, RD; V.L. Fulgoni, III, PhD; Fleishman-Hillard, Inc., Sacramento, CA; Nutrition Impact, LLC, Battle Creek, MI
TEXT: Second generation antipsychotic (SGA) medications are now linked to a spectrum of metabolic side effects including weight gain, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and altered glucose metabolism. In the mentally ill population, rates of obesity as well as diabetes and dyslipidemia are two to three times that of the general population. Literature suggests that these effects may be more prevalent in a residential/institutional setting. The Clinical Nutrition Department at Central State Hospital, an in-patient psychiatric facility, found that 72% of patients were overweight or clinically obese upon admission. During their stay the majority gained a significant amount of undesirable weight (defined as ⱖ 5% of admission weight). This data set the precedence for needed change in practice and a major paradigm shift to a wellness model. The department proposed an interdisciplinary Wellness Project that would provide increased nutrition education and intervention, increased activity, individual empowerment about health issues, and measures to prevent weight gain. The Wellness Initiative has significantly improved the overall health status of patients and increased both staff and patient focus on nutrition. Improvements include mandatory lipid and glucose screening upon admission and every three months, prescription of therapeutic diets if ⬎5% weight gain or lipid/glucose abnormalities, healthier menus, limited patient access to high calorie beverages between meals, increased consultation with a dietitian, and use of pedometers to track patient activity level. A wellness-centered program providing early, intensive intervention is an effective way to offset the negative metabolic effects associated with SGA use.
LEARNING OUTCOME: To understand the association between the consumption of peaches, plums and nectarines, nutrient intakes, and health parameters using National Heath and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 –2002 data.
FUNDING DISCLOSURE: None
TEXT: The impact of consuming peaches, plums, and nectarines (PPN) on nutrient intakes and health parameters in adults (20⫹ yrs) was examined using the NHANES 1999 –2002 data (N⫽ 8,374, after excluding those with unreliable diet records and those pregnant/lactating). PPN consumers (N⫽309) were defined as those individuals consuming at least one serving of peaches, plums or nectarines within the 24-hr recording period. Means, standard errors and ANOVA (adjusted for race, gender, age and caloric intake) were calculated using appropriate sample weights. Compared to nonconsumers, PPN consumers had higher intakes of dietary fiber (20.2⫾0.8 vs 15.6⫾0.2 g), vitamin C (118⫾6.3 vs 94.2⫾2.7 mg), magnesium (315⫾6 vs 283⫾3 mg), and potassium (3194⫾68 vs 2740⫾21 mg) and lower intakes of added sugars (18.4⫾1.0 vs 22.0⫾0.5 tsp) p ⬍0.05). PPN consumers had lower body weights (77.6⫾0.9 vs 80.3⫾0.4 kg) and BMIs (27.2⫾0.3 vs 28.1⫾0.1 kg/m2) than non-consumers (p ⬍0.05). Consuming PPN was associated with a reduced risk (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.98) of elevated blood pressure (ⱖ130 mm Hg systole) and a reduced risk (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.92) of elevated waist circumference (⬎40” in men and ⬎35” in women). These results suggest that consuming peaches, plums and nectarines is positively associated with nutrient intake, improved anthropometric measurements and reduced risk of hypertension. FUNDING DISCLOSURE: Sponsored by the California Tree Fruit Agreement
TITLE: CHANGES IN BODY WEIGHT, BODY COMPOSITION, RESTING METABOLIC RATE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN COLLEGE FRESHMEN AT THE END OF ONE SEMESTER AND AGAIN AT ONE YEAR AUTHOR(S): D. Greiner, MS; T. Holmes, PhD, RD/LD; C.B. Hollenbeck, PhD; K. Sucher, ScD, RD; San Jose State University, CA; University of Central Oklahoma, OK LEARNING OUTCOME: Participants will be able to identify the nature of changes in body weight, body composition and resting metabolic rate among first semester college freshmen. TEXT: The purpose of the present study was to document changes that might occur to body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), diet and exercise in college freshmen during their first semester. Sixty-three students were followed for one 16-week semester. Height, weight, body composition, RMR and physical activity were assessed at baseline and 16-weeks. Body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance (BIA); RMR was determined by oxygen consumption. Mean (⫾ SEM) age was 18.0⫾1.5 yrs. Forty-four individuals (70%) gained ⱖ2 lbs., while 28 (38%) gained ⱖ5 lbs. Body weight tended to increase continuously with time (p⫽0.0001). A small but significant change in % fat mass (FM) was noted in women (⫹2.1⫾1.0%; p⬍0.002) but not in men. There were no significant changes in RMR or kcal intake. However, correlations between ⌬wt and ⌬RMR (r⫽0.47), ⌬wt and ⌬fat mass (r⫽0.30) were significant. Individuals who met the American College of Sports Medicine minimum guidelines for exercise gained less weight (0.8⫾1.1lbs) than those who did not (3.1⫾0.9lbs). A sub-set of students (n⫽29) were studied again at 1 year. At 1 year, there was no longer a significant weight gain from baseline (⫹0.8⫾1.1lbs; p⫽0.23). The results from this study clearly support the notion that freshmen gain weight upon entering college and this weight gain is accompanied by an increase in FM in women. Furthermore, individuals who maintain moderate physical activity appeared to be protected from this weight gain. Finally, preliminary data suggest that this weight gain may not be sustained over an entire year. FUNDING DISCLOSURE: Zellmer Scholarship Grant, California Dietetic Association; Circle of Friends, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, San Jose State University
TITLE: THE PREVALENCE OF LOW CARBOHYDRATE DIETS AMONG MARATHON RUNNERS AUTHOR(S): J.R. Schumacher; R.W. Cullen, PhD, RD; M.A. Wilson, EdD, RD; Illinois State University LEARNING OUTCOME: Assess behaviors of carbohydrate consumption and identify the frequency of low carbohydrate dieting among marathon runners. TEXT: Marathon participation is on the rise, and the importance of nutrition for endurance performance is well established. The recent growing popularity of low carbohydrate dieting, documented by the sales of books and specialty foods, is influencing the diet of many Americans. Few studies have examined the prevalence of low carbohydrate dieting among marathoners. Low carbohydrate diets are thought to impair endurance and optimal performance. The prevalence of low carbohydrate dieting, restrictive eating patterns and carbohydrate loading were assessed in marathon runners and compared to the variables BMI, average training miles, gender, age, number of marathon completed, and consecutive years running. A convenience sample of 225 runners, 48.5% of race participants, was surveyed at a Midwestern metropolitan marathon. Of the runners surveyed, 33 (15.6%) had at one time tried a low carbohydrate diet, but only 4 (1.9%) were currently on the diet. The restraint scale portion of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire was used to assess dietary restraint, and the only statistically significant relationship was with average miles training. No statistically significant differences were found among the carbohydrate loading technique used prior to the event and study variables. These results can assist professionals in understanding the dietary techniques used by marathon runners. Though the standard population is promoting low carbohydrate diets, marathon runners are not gravitating towards them. Dietetics professionals need to be aware of the carbohydrate consumption behaviors of marathon runners in order to provide appropriate nutrition education to ensure healthy energy levels and improve race performances. FUNDING DISCLOSURE: Self-funded
Journal of the AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION / A-61