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Contact (of internal electrode lead of cylindrical piezoelectric transducer)
Generation of the two pure modes of transver8e ultrasonic waves in an X-cut quartz barat9.4GHz Ogawa, T., Sakamoto, A. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol 39, No IO (September 1968) pp 4731-4732 (1007) Generation of acoustic waves in piezosemtconductors Pastovoit, V. I.. et al Zhurnal Eksperimental’noi i Teoricheshoi, Vol 55, No 6 (1968) pp 2213-2229 (In Russian) (Will appear in English in Soviet PhysicsJETP in July 1969) (1008) Variable gap capacitattve detector for the measurement of ultrasonic displacement amplitudes in solids Peters, R.D., Breazcale, M.A., Pare, V. K. Review of Optics (France), Vol 39, No 10 (1968) pp 1505-1506 (1009) Use of an electroktnetic target for the reception of an ultrasonic image Prokhorov, U. G., Soviet Physics-Acoustics, Vol 14, No 1 (July-September 1968) pp 112-114 (1010) Low deflection force transducer Pugnaire, J. P., A. US Patent 3,413,845 (3 December 1968) (Filed 18 February 1966) (1011) Elastic wave generation. (High power high efficiency source of elastic waves in which noise present ‘in a solid-state amplifier is synchronized into coupled coherent modes of oscillation) Quate, C. F. US Patent 3,411,023 (1968) (Filed 27 December 1965) (1012) Vibrating beam pressure transducer Riordan, H. E., Weisbord, L. US Patent 3,399,572 (3 September 1968) (Filed 1 December 1966) (1013) Transmission of gigahertz ultrasonic waves through optical-contact bonds at room temperature Smith, H. I., Smith A. B. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol 44, No 6 (December 1968) pp 1’737-1738 (1014) Structual damping (How to determine the type and amount of friction existing in structural systems) Somashekov, B. R. Instruments and Control Systems, Vol 41, No 11 (November 1968) p 79 (1015) Ultrasound propagation in solid methane Stahl, F. A., Wolf, R. P., Simmonds, M. B. Physics Letters (Netherlands), Vol 27A, No 8 (1968) pp 482-483 (1016) Plezoelectricity, pyroelectricity and thermoelectricity of polymer films Takeo Furukawa, Yutaka Uemastsu, Kiyoshi Asakawa, Yasaku Nada Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol 12, No 12 (December 1968) p 2675 (1017) Contact (of internal electrode lead of cylindrical piezoelectric transducer) Telefunken Patentvertungs German Patent 1,280,348 (1968) (1018) A two-dtmensional ultrasonic model study of compressional and shear-wave diffraction patterns produced by a circular cavity Teng, T. L., Wu, F. T. Bulletin of the Seismological Socity of America, Vol 58, No 1 (February 1968) pp 171-178 (1019) Ultrasonic spectra of benzene solutions of polymethylmethacrylates of different stereoregularities and molecular weights Tondre, C., Cerf, R.
Journal of Chemistry and Physics (France), Vol 65, No 6 (June 1968) pp 1105-1111 (In French) (1020) Plezoelectric ultrasonic generator Western Electric Company Inc German Patent 1,422,620 (1968) (Applied for in USA in 1961) (1021) Temperature compensating device for piezoelectric crystals Wood, A. F. B. US Patent 3,414,794 (3 December 1968) (Filed 8 June 1966) (1022)
Sound velocity, attenuation and properties of materials Magnetoacoustic dispersion and attenuation; comparison of experiment with the freeelectron theory Beattie, A. G. Physical Review Vol 174, No 3 (15 October 1968) pp 721-728 Longitudinal magnetoacoustic dispersion and attenuation curves have been calculated using Cohen-Harrison-Harrison formalism, for transverse fields and values of ql between 1.0 and 200 (q is the acoustic wave number and 1 the electron mean free path). Theory predicts that oscillations in attenuation damp out faster than those in velocity shift as ql is decreased from the limit of ql > 1. This is observed experimentally in aluminium. Measurements of attenuation and fractional velocity shift in aluminium agree qualitatively with the theory. Data for potasslum show quantitative agreement for the deviation of the attenuation minima from positions predicted theoretically in the limit of ql >> 1. Free-electron theory gives good quantitative predictions for metals with a spherical Fermi surface,and correct qualitative predictions for free-electron-like metals with nonspherical Fermi surfaces. (1023) Absolute sound-velocity measurements in distilled water Gamvale, A., Bowen, P., Basileo, M., Sprenke, J. JASA, Vol 44, No 4 (October 1968) p 1098 The work was done to check a theoretical formula proposed by Wilson and to set up a standard sound-velocity measurer. The experimental system is a modified version of that used by McSkinnin, in which pulses are transmitted down a silica tube and null point measurements taken a different frequencies. Measurements were made over the frequency range lo-70MHz and path lengths of 0.6-5cms. A check was made for anomalous dispersion-which was absent-and results are presented over a temoerature range 0 to 40°C (measured to * 0.6OlC on a G3-Mueller bridge). The present results are compared graphically with Wilson’s computations and the latter are found to be about 0.6m/s higher in the range 0-20°C. (1024) Determination of the cleavage velocity in tungsten using ultrasonic fractography Hayes, A. D., Lagon, T. G. Nature, Vol 221, No 5176 (11 January 1969) pp 168-169 The fracture surface of a solid can be modulated by a single stress pulse. With the use of ultrasound, a series of faint permanent ripples can be produced on the fracture surface, and consequently the velocity of fracture calculated from ripple spacing. A high purity cylindrical specimen of tungsten, O-7 cm diameter by 3.0cm long is orientated such that its end face is the (001) cleavage plane. A transducer is attached to this face. Scanning the specimen with an electron microscope reveals ultrasonically induced ripples, with a value of 9m/s for cleavage velocity. Some evidence is obtained to show that for a crystal cooled in liquid nitrogen,
the fracture velocity is 2000m/s. Hence preliminary results imply that ultrasonic fractography may be useful on some metals under limited conditions. (1025) Experimental determination of the coefficent of radiation-s&m&ted diffusion on CdS Kareev, M. A. Soviet Physics-Solid State, Vol 10, No 3 (September 1968) pp 726-727 A value of D-IO-12 - IO-l1 cmz/s for the coefficient of radiation-stimulated diffusion is obtained corresponding to values of the coefficient of thermal diffusion of Cd in CdS crystals at temperatures in the range 500-600°C. CdS crystals were irradiated by o particles in a field of y rays. The accumulation of Cd on the side opposite that irradiated by the o particles was investigated through activation analysis. (1026) Gold-lndium bond measurement of ultrasonic properties in solids at hfgb temperature Krause, J. T. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol 39, No 11 (October 1968) pp 5334-5335 This paper describes a method for the formation of alloys (etc) in a transducer bond (Gold-Indium). When these alloys are produced there will be a change in properties which will be detected by a change in the attenuation of a shear wave passed through the bond. The temperature is varied to produce these alloys. There will be a complete cut off of the shear wave when the melting point of the bond is reached. The alloys produced varied by altering the amounts of Au and In deposited for the bonds. The author predicts the use of this technique with other materials. (1027) Elastooptic coefficient of liquids determined by ult.-asonic light defraction method Uchida N. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol 7, No 10 (October 1968) p 1259 The elastooptic coefficients of 26 kinds of readily available liquids have been measured using this method. The experimental arrangement is shown. A liquid cell made of fused quartz IOmm X IOmm X 40mm in size has on its bottom a PZT crystal of approximately 7.5MHz in thickness expansional mode. Incident light from a HeNe lase (A = 632.8 m@) was diffracted and one of the diffracted lights of the 1st order detected by a photomultiplier. The results obtained are discussed in relation to the Lorentz-Lorentz formula and its modification due to Bottcher. The elastooptic coefficients are obtained from the rate of the electrical input voltages on the transducer for the liquid and water at the same relative intensity of the diffracted light (coefficient of water taken as 0.322 Ramon-Venkateraman). (1028) Investigation of ultrasound velocity of binary melted systems of eutectic type Batalin, C. I., Mizernitsky, M. P. Ukrainskii Khimicheskii Shurnal, Vol 34, No 9 (1968) pp 927-932 (In Russian) (1029) Ultrasohtc determination of the pressure dependence of the superconducting energy gap in tin Beattie, A. G., Schirber, J. E. Physical Review, Vol 175, No 2 (10 November 1968) pp 599-603 (1030) Investigation of the ultrasonic parameters of m-cresol and ethylene glycol as a function of the state parameters of the medium Belinskii, B.A., Ergopulo, E. V. Soviet Physics-Acoustics, Vol 14, No 1 (JulySeptember 1968) pp 94-96 (1031) Sound velocity and elastic and thermal characteristics of crystalline oxygen and nitrogen (15-5O’K) Bezuglyi, P.A., Tarasenki, L. M., Ivanov, Y. S. Soviet Physics-Solid State, Vol 10, No 7 (January 1969) pp 1660-1664 (1032)
ULTRASONICS
April
1969
141
Journal of Chemistry and Physics (France), Vol 65, No 6 (June 1968) pp 1105-1111 (In French) (1020) Plezoelectric ultrasonic generator Western Electric Company Inc German Patent 1,422,620 (1968) (Applied for in USA in 1961) (1021) Temperature compensating device for piezoelectric crystals Wood, A. F. B. US Patent 3,414,794 (3 December 1968) (Filed 8 June 1966) (1022)
Sound velocity, attenuation and properties of materials Magnetoacoustic dispersion and attenuation; comparison of experiment with the freeelectron theory Beattie, A. G. Physical Review Vol 174, No 3 (15 October 1968) pp 721-728 Longitudinal magnetoacoustic dispersion and attenuation curves have been calculated using Cohen-Harrison-Harrison formalism, for transverse fields and values of ql between 1.0 and 200 (q is the acoustic wave number and 1 the electron mean free path). Theory predicts that oscillations in attenuation damp out faster than those in velocity shift as ql is decreased from the limit of ql > 1. This is observed experimentally in aluminium. Measurements of attenuation and fractional velocity shift in aluminium agree qualitatively with the theory. Data for potasslum show quantitative agreement for the deviation of the attenuation minima from positions predicted theoretically in the limit of ql >> 1. Free-electron theory gives good quantitative predictions for metals with a spherical Fermi surface,and correct qualitative predictions for free-electron-like metals with nonspherical Fermi surfaces. (1023) Absolute sound-velocity measurements in distilled water Gamvale, A., Bowen, P., Basileo, M., Sprenke, J. JASA, Vol 44, No 4 (October 1968) p 1098 The work was done to check a theoretical formula proposed by Wilson and to set up a standard sound-velocity measurer. The experimental system is a modified version of that used by McSkinnin, in which pulses are transmitted down a silica tube and null point measurements taken a different frequencies. Measurements were made over the frequency range lo-70MHz and path lengths of 0.6-5cms. A check was made for anomalous dispersion-which was absent-and results are presented over a temoerature range 0 to 40°C (measured to * 0.6OlC on a G3-Mueller bridge). The present results are compared graphically with Wilson’s computations and the latter are found to be about 0.6m/s higher in the range 0-20°C. (1024) Determination of the cleavage velocity in tungsten using ultrasonic fractography Hayes, A. D., Lagon, T. G. Nature, Vol 221, No 5176 (11 January 1969) pp 168-169 The fracture surface of a solid can be modulated by a single stress pulse. With the use of ultrasound, a series of faint permanent ripples can be produced on the fracture surface, and consequently the velocity of fracture calculated from ripple spacing. A high purity cylindrical specimen of tungsten, O-7 cm diameter by 3.0cm long is orientated such that its end face is the (001) cleavage plane. A transducer is attached to this face. Scanning the specimen with an electron microscope reveals ultrasonically induced ripples, with a value of 9m/s for cleavage velocity. Some evidence is obtained to show that for a crystal cooled in liquid nitrogen,
the fracture velocity is 2000m/s. Hence preliminary results imply that ultrasonic fractography may be useful on some metals under limited conditions. (1025) Experimental determination of the coefficent of radiation-s&m&ted diffusion on CdS Kareev, M. A. Soviet Physics-Solid State, Vol 10, No 3 (September 1968) pp 726-727 A value of D-IO-12 - IO-l1 cmz/s for the coefficient of radiation-stimulated diffusion is obtained corresponding to values of the coefficient of thermal diffusion of Cd in CdS crystals at temperatures in the range 500-600°C. CdS crystals were irradiated by o particles in a field of y rays. The accumulation of Cd on the side opposite that irradiated by the o particles was investigated through activation analysis. (1026) Gold-lndium bond measurement of ultrasonic properties in solids at hfgb temperature Krause, J. T. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol 39, No 11 (October 1968) pp 5334-5335 This paper describes a method for the formation of alloys (etc) in a transducer bond (Gold-Indium). When these alloys are produced there will be a change in properties which will be detected by a change in the attenuation of a shear wave passed through the bond. The temperature is varied to produce these alloys. There will be a complete cut off of the shear wave when the melting point of the bond is reached. The alloys produced varied by altering the amounts of Au and In deposited for the bonds. The author predicts the use of this technique with other materials. (1027) Elastooptic coefficient of liquids determined by ult.-asonic light defraction method Uchida N. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol 7, No 10 (October 1968) p 1259 The elastooptic coefficients of 26 kinds of readily available liquids have been measured using this method. The experimental arrangement is shown. A liquid cell made of fused quartz IOmm X IOmm X 40mm in size has on its bottom a PZT crystal of approximately 7.5MHz in thickness expansional mode. Incident light from a HeNe lase (A = 632.8 m@) was diffracted and one of the diffracted lights of the 1st order detected by a photomultiplier. The results obtained are discussed in relation to the Lorentz-Lorentz formula and its modification due to Bottcher. The elastooptic coefficients are obtained from the rate of the electrical input voltages on the transducer for the liquid and water at the same relative intensity of the diffracted light (coefficient of water taken as 0.322 Ramon-Venkateraman). (1028) Investigation of ultrasound velocity of binary melted systems of eutectic type Batalin, C. I., Mizernitsky, M. P. Ukrainskii Khimicheskii Shurnal, Vol 34, No 9 (1968) pp 927-932 (In Russian) (1029) Ultrasohtc determination of the pressure dependence of the superconducting energy gap in tin Beattie, A. G., Schirber, J. E. Physical Review, Vol 175, No 2 (10 November 1968) pp 599-603 (1030) Investigation of the ultrasonic parameters of m-cresol and ethylene glycol as a function of the state parameters of the medium Belinskii, B.A., Ergopulo, E. V. Soviet Physics-Acoustics, Vol 14, No 1 (JulySeptember 1968) pp 94-96 (1031) Sound velocity and elastic and thermal characteristics of crystalline oxygen and nitrogen (15-5O’K) Bezuglyi, P.A., Tarasenki, L. M., Ivanov, Y. S. Soviet Physics-Solid State, Vol 10, No 7 (January 1969) pp 1660-1664 (1032)
ULTRASONICS
April
1969
141