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Contents of volume 23
Icarus INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLAR SYSTEM STUDIES Volume 23
l
1974
EDITOR: Carl Sagan Laboratory for Planetary
Studies
Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853
ACADEMIC PRESS AP 0 New York and London A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
Copyright 0 ALL
1974 by Academic Press, Inc. RIGHTS
RESERVED
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.
CONTENTS
OF VOLUME
23
NUMBER 1, ,SEPTEMBER1974
H. C. RUMSEY, G. A. MORRIS, R. R. GREEN, AND R. M. GOLDSTEIN. A Radar Brightness and Altitude Image of a Portion of Venus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JAMES B. POLLACK, EDWIN F. ERICKSON, FRED C. WITTEBORN, CHARLES CHACKERIAN, JR., AUDREY L. SUMMERS, WARREN VAN CAMP, BETTY J. BALDWIN, GORDON C. AUGASON, AND LAWRENCE J. CAROFF. Aircraft Observations of Venus’ Near-Infrared Reflection Spectrum : Implications for CloudComposition..................................................
81
8
* VICTOR R. BAKER AND DANIEL J. MILTON. Erosion by Catastrophic Floods on MarsandEarth ....................................................
27
W. B. HUBBARD. Tides in the Giant Planets
42
.....,........................
RICHARD GREENBERG. Outcomes of Tidal Evolution for Orbits with Arbitrary Inclination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KATHY RAGES, JOSEPH VEVERKA, LAWRENCE WASSERMAN,AND IS. C. FREEMAN. The Upper Atmosphere of Neptune : An Analysis of Occultation Observations JOSEPH J. C. DEGIOANNI. The Radiation
Belts of Jupiter
....................
51 59 66
JAMES R. VERMILLION,ROGER N. CLARK, THOMASF. GREENE, JON F. SEAMANS, ANDWILLIAM F. YANTIS. A Low Resolution Map of Europa from Four OccultationsbyIo ........................................................
89
RALPH B. BALDWIN. On the Accretion
................
97
L. J. MARTIN. The Major Martian Dust Storms of 1971 and 1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
108
D. W. G. ARTHUR. Lunar Crater Depths from Orbiter IV Long-Focus
116
of the Earth and Moon
Photographs
OBITUARY FOR GEORGE A. VAN VIESBROECK.Elizabeth Roemer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
134
BOOK REVIEWS JOHN C. BRANDT, D. A. USHER
131
* Paper presented at The International California.
...................................... Colloquium
on Mars, 28 Nov.-l
Dec. 1973, Pasadena,
NUMBER 2, OCTOBER 1974 RAINER JOHNSEN AND MANFRED A. BIONDI. Measurements of Positive Ion Conversion and Removal Reactions Relating to the Jovian Ionosphere.. ......
139
J. S. HALL AND L. A. RILEY. A Photometric
144
Study of Saturn and Its Rings. . . . . .
RALPH B. BALDWIN. Was There a “Terminal Lunar Cataclysm” YearsAgo . .._....................................................
3.9-4.0 x log 166
GEOFFREY A. BRIGGS. The Nature of the Residual Martian Polar Caps. . . . . . . . . .
167
ROBERT W. SIEGFRIED II AND SEAN C. SOLOMON.Mercury: Internal Structure and Thermal Evolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
192
CONTENTS JOSEPH VEVERKA, MICHAELNOLAND, CARL SAGAN, JAMES POLLACK, LYNN QUAM, ROBERT TUCKER, BOTAND EROSS, THOMASDUXBURY, AND WILLIAM GREEN. AMariner9AtlasoftheMoonsofMars ................................
206
THOMAS C. DUXBURY. Phobos : Control Network Analysis
....................
290
JOHN S. KING AND JAMES R. RIEHLE. A Proposed Origin of the Olympus Mons Escarpment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I...
300
NUMBER 3, NOVEMBER 1974 of Jupiter. . . . . . . . . .
319
M. PODOLAKAND A. G. W. CAMERON.Possible Formation of Meteoritic Chondrules and Inclusions in the Precollapse Jovian Protoplanetary Atmosphere. . . . . .
326
PETER BODENHEIMER.Calculations of the Early Evolution
M. NOLAND, 5. VEVERKA, D. MORRISON,D. P. CRUIKSHANK,A. R. LAZAREWICZ, N. D. MORRISON, J. L. ELLIOT, J. GOGUEN, AND J. A. BURNS. Six-Color Photometry of Iapetus, Titan, Rhea, Dione, and Tethys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 F. A. FRANKLINAND A. F. COOK.Photometry of Saturn’s Satellites : The Opposition Effect of Iapetus at Maximum Light and the Variability of Titan . . . . . . . . . .
355
N. TABARIE. Distribution of Hydrogen and its Lyman-Alpha AtmosphereofTitan................................................
363
Intensity
H. S. HUDSON, C. A. LINDSEY, AND B. T. SOIFER. Submillimeter Planets............................................................
in the
Observations
of 374
LEONARD J. MARTIN AND WILLIAM M. MCKINNEY. North Polar Hood of Mars in 1969 (May l&July 25). I. Blue Light.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
380
MICHAELJ. PRICE. Optical Scattering Properties of Saturn’s Ring. II. . . . . . . . . . . .
388
DAVID MORRISON, NANCY D. MORRISON, AND ANDREW R. LAZAREWICZ. FourColor Photometry of the Galilean Satellites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
399
WILLEM WAMSTEKER, ROGER L. KROES, AND JAMES A. FOUNTAIN. On the Surface Compositionof ..................................................
417
R. L. MILLIS, D. T. THOMPSON,B. J. HARRIS, P. BIRCH, AND R. SEFTON. A Search for Posteclipse Brightening of Io in 1973. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
425
0. G. FRANZ AND R. L. MILLIS. A Search for Posteclipse Brightening of 10 in 1973. II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
431
B. H. ZELLNER AND R. C. CAPEN. Photometric
Properties of the Martian Satellites
437
REINHARD BEER. The Remote Determination of the Mean Kinetic Temperature of Planets and Satellites Having a Neglible Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
445
DAVID D. MEISEL AND RICHARD A. BERG. High Resolution Spectrophotometry of Selected Features in the 1.1 pm Spectrum of Comet Kohoutek (1973f). . . .
454
GP. HOREDT. Mass Loss in the Plane Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem: Application to the Origin of the Trojans and of Pluto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
459
AUDOUIN DOLLFUSAND MICHELAURIERE. Optical Polarimetry
465
of Planet Mercury
BOOK REVIEWS J. W. CHAMBERLAIN,DARRELL F. STROBEL,JOHN S. NISBET, AND CARL SAGAN 483
CONTENTS NUMBER 4, DECEMBER 1974 PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STEPHENP. MARAN AND ROBERT W. HOBBS. Introduction. LUBO~ KOHOUTEK. On the Discovery
of Comet Kohoutek
V
...................
489
(1973f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
491
from Skylab III. .
493
Z. SEKANINA. On the Nature of the Anti-tail of Comet Kohoutek (1973f). I. WorkingModel ......... ............ ....... ........ ................
502
G. A. GARY AND C. R. O’DELL. Interpretation of the Anti-Tail of Kohoutek as a Particle Flow Phenomenon .,........................................
519
G. R. CARRUTHERS,C. B. OPAL,, T. L. PACE, R. R. MEIER, AND D. K. PRINZ. Lyman-a Imagery of Comet Kohoutek ................................
526
J. E. BLAMONT AND M. FESTOU. Observation of the Comet Kohoutek (1973f) in the Resonance Light (A*z+ - X217) of the OH Radical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
538
K. NOGUCHI, S. SATO, T. MAIHARA, H. OKUDA, AND K. UYAMA. Infrared Photometric and Polarimetric Observations of Comet Kohoutek 1973f. , . . . . . . . .
545
EDWARD P. NEY. Multiband Photometry of Comets Kohoutek, Bennett, Bradfield, and Encke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
551
I. GATLEY, E. E. BECKLIN, G. NEUGEBAUER, AND M. W. WERNER. Infrared Observations of Comet Kohoutek (1973f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
561
K. M. MERRILL. 8-13 ym Spectrophotometry
EDWARD G. GIBSON. Visual Observations
of Comet Kohoutek
.............
566
C. BARBIERI, C. B. COSMOVICI,K. W. MICHEL, T. NISHIMURA,AND A. E. ROCHE. Near-Infrared Observations of the Dust Coma of Comet Kohoutek (1973f) with a Tilting-Filter Fabry-Perot Photometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
568
M. ZEILIK II AND E. L. WRIGHT. Infrared Photometry
.....
577
W. F. HUEBNER, L. E. SNYDER, AND D. BUHL. HCN Radio Emission from Comet Kohoutek(1973f) ..................................................
580
W. A. TRAUB AND N. P. CARLETON.A Search for H,O and CH, in Comet Kohoutek
585
of Comet Kohoutek.
of Comet Kohoutek.
S. A. MANGO, K. J. JOHNSTON, M. F. CHUI, A. C. CHEUNG, AND D. MATSAKIS. Molecule Searches in Comet Kohoutek (1973f) at LMicrowave Frequencies. . . . 590 0. E. H. RYDBECK, J. ELLDBR, W. M. IRVINE, B. R~NN;~NG, P. D. GODFREY, N. FOURIKIS, AND M. W. SINCLAIR. A Search for Microwave Emission from CH in Comet Kohoutek (1973f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
595
E. R. WOLLMAN, T. R. GEBALLE, L. T. GREENBERG,J. H. LACY, C. H. TOWNES, AND D. M. RANK. An Upper Limit on the Evolution of Carbon Monoxide from CometKohoutek ..................................................
599
CHARLESL. HYDER, JOHN C. BRANDT, AND ROBERT G. ROOSEN. Tail Structures Far from the Head of Comet Kohoutek. I.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
601
P. C. CRUMPAND D. P. CRUIKSHANK.Photography of Comets 1973f (Kohoutek) and 1974b (Bradfield) at Mauna Kea Observatory ..........................
611
L. J. LANZEROTTI,M. F. ROBBINS, N. H. TOLK, AND S. H. NEFF. High Resolution Scans of Comet Kohoutek in the Vicinity of 5015, 5890, and 6563 A. . . . . . . .
618
L. G. PARCEL AND W. I. BEAVERS. Emission Band Ratios in Comet Kohoutek (1973f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
623
................................. AUTHOR INDEX ,....................................................... A cumulative April 1975.
630 631
subject index for Volumes 21-23 will appear in Volume 24, Numberi4,
l
1974
EDITOR: Carl Sagan Laboratory for Planetary
Studies
Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853
ACADEMIC PRESS AP 0 New York and London A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
Copyright 0 ALL
1974 by Academic Press, Inc. RIGHTS
RESERVED
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.
CONTENTS
OF VOLUME
23
NUMBER 1, ,SEPTEMBER1974
H. C. RUMSEY, G. A. MORRIS, R. R. GREEN, AND R. M. GOLDSTEIN. A Radar Brightness and Altitude Image of a Portion of Venus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JAMES B. POLLACK, EDWIN F. ERICKSON, FRED C. WITTEBORN, CHARLES CHACKERIAN, JR., AUDREY L. SUMMERS, WARREN VAN CAMP, BETTY J. BALDWIN, GORDON C. AUGASON, AND LAWRENCE J. CAROFF. Aircraft Observations of Venus’ Near-Infrared Reflection Spectrum : Implications for CloudComposition..................................................
81
8
* VICTOR R. BAKER AND DANIEL J. MILTON. Erosion by Catastrophic Floods on MarsandEarth ....................................................
27
W. B. HUBBARD. Tides in the Giant Planets
42
.....,........................
RICHARD GREENBERG. Outcomes of Tidal Evolution for Orbits with Arbitrary Inclination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KATHY RAGES, JOSEPH VEVERKA, LAWRENCE WASSERMAN,AND IS. C. FREEMAN. The Upper Atmosphere of Neptune : An Analysis of Occultation Observations JOSEPH J. C. DEGIOANNI. The Radiation
Belts of Jupiter
....................
51 59 66
JAMES R. VERMILLION,ROGER N. CLARK, THOMASF. GREENE, JON F. SEAMANS, ANDWILLIAM F. YANTIS. A Low Resolution Map of Europa from Four OccultationsbyIo ........................................................
89
RALPH B. BALDWIN. On the Accretion
................
97
L. J. MARTIN. The Major Martian Dust Storms of 1971 and 1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
108
D. W. G. ARTHUR. Lunar Crater Depths from Orbiter IV Long-Focus
116
of the Earth and Moon
Photographs
OBITUARY FOR GEORGE A. VAN VIESBROECK.Elizabeth Roemer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
134
BOOK REVIEWS JOHN C. BRANDT, D. A. USHER
131
* Paper presented at The International California.
...................................... Colloquium
on Mars, 28 Nov.-l
Dec. 1973, Pasadena,
NUMBER 2, OCTOBER 1974 RAINER JOHNSEN AND MANFRED A. BIONDI. Measurements of Positive Ion Conversion and Removal Reactions Relating to the Jovian Ionosphere.. ......
139
J. S. HALL AND L. A. RILEY. A Photometric
144
Study of Saturn and Its Rings. . . . . .
RALPH B. BALDWIN. Was There a “Terminal Lunar Cataclysm” YearsAgo . .._....................................................
3.9-4.0 x log 166
GEOFFREY A. BRIGGS. The Nature of the Residual Martian Polar Caps. . . . . . . . . .
167
ROBERT W. SIEGFRIED II AND SEAN C. SOLOMON.Mercury: Internal Structure and Thermal Evolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
192
CONTENTS JOSEPH VEVERKA, MICHAELNOLAND, CARL SAGAN, JAMES POLLACK, LYNN QUAM, ROBERT TUCKER, BOTAND EROSS, THOMASDUXBURY, AND WILLIAM GREEN. AMariner9AtlasoftheMoonsofMars ................................
206
THOMAS C. DUXBURY. Phobos : Control Network Analysis
....................
290
JOHN S. KING AND JAMES R. RIEHLE. A Proposed Origin of the Olympus Mons Escarpment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I...
300
NUMBER 3, NOVEMBER 1974 of Jupiter. . . . . . . . . .
319
M. PODOLAKAND A. G. W. CAMERON.Possible Formation of Meteoritic Chondrules and Inclusions in the Precollapse Jovian Protoplanetary Atmosphere. . . . . .
326
PETER BODENHEIMER.Calculations of the Early Evolution
M. NOLAND, 5. VEVERKA, D. MORRISON,D. P. CRUIKSHANK,A. R. LAZAREWICZ, N. D. MORRISON, J. L. ELLIOT, J. GOGUEN, AND J. A. BURNS. Six-Color Photometry of Iapetus, Titan, Rhea, Dione, and Tethys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 F. A. FRANKLINAND A. F. COOK.Photometry of Saturn’s Satellites : The Opposition Effect of Iapetus at Maximum Light and the Variability of Titan . . . . . . . . . .
355
N. TABARIE. Distribution of Hydrogen and its Lyman-Alpha AtmosphereofTitan................................................
363
Intensity
H. S. HUDSON, C. A. LINDSEY, AND B. T. SOIFER. Submillimeter Planets............................................................
in the
Observations
of 374
LEONARD J. MARTIN AND WILLIAM M. MCKINNEY. North Polar Hood of Mars in 1969 (May l&July 25). I. Blue Light.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
380
MICHAELJ. PRICE. Optical Scattering Properties of Saturn’s Ring. II. . . . . . . . . . . .
388
DAVID MORRISON, NANCY D. MORRISON, AND ANDREW R. LAZAREWICZ. FourColor Photometry of the Galilean Satellites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
399
WILLEM WAMSTEKER, ROGER L. KROES, AND JAMES A. FOUNTAIN. On the Surface Compositionof ..................................................
417
R. L. MILLIS, D. T. THOMPSON,B. J. HARRIS, P. BIRCH, AND R. SEFTON. A Search for Posteclipse Brightening of Io in 1973. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
425
0. G. FRANZ AND R. L. MILLIS. A Search for Posteclipse Brightening of 10 in 1973. II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
431
B. H. ZELLNER AND R. C. CAPEN. Photometric
Properties of the Martian Satellites
437
REINHARD BEER. The Remote Determination of the Mean Kinetic Temperature of Planets and Satellites Having a Neglible Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
445
DAVID D. MEISEL AND RICHARD A. BERG. High Resolution Spectrophotometry of Selected Features in the 1.1 pm Spectrum of Comet Kohoutek (1973f). . . .
454
GP. HOREDT. Mass Loss in the Plane Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem: Application to the Origin of the Trojans and of Pluto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
459
AUDOUIN DOLLFUSAND MICHELAURIERE. Optical Polarimetry
465
of Planet Mercury
BOOK REVIEWS J. W. CHAMBERLAIN,DARRELL F. STROBEL,JOHN S. NISBET, AND CARL SAGAN 483
CONTENTS NUMBER 4, DECEMBER 1974 PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STEPHENP. MARAN AND ROBERT W. HOBBS. Introduction. LUBO~ KOHOUTEK. On the Discovery
of Comet Kohoutek
V
...................
489
(1973f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
491
from Skylab III. .
493
Z. SEKANINA. On the Nature of the Anti-tail of Comet Kohoutek (1973f). I. WorkingModel ......... ............ ....... ........ ................
502
G. A. GARY AND C. R. O’DELL. Interpretation of the Anti-Tail of Kohoutek as a Particle Flow Phenomenon .,........................................
519
G. R. CARRUTHERS,C. B. OPAL,, T. L. PACE, R. R. MEIER, AND D. K. PRINZ. Lyman-a Imagery of Comet Kohoutek ................................
526
J. E. BLAMONT AND M. FESTOU. Observation of the Comet Kohoutek (1973f) in the Resonance Light (A*z+ - X217) of the OH Radical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
538
K. NOGUCHI, S. SATO, T. MAIHARA, H. OKUDA, AND K. UYAMA. Infrared Photometric and Polarimetric Observations of Comet Kohoutek 1973f. , . . . . . . . .
545
EDWARD P. NEY. Multiband Photometry of Comets Kohoutek, Bennett, Bradfield, and Encke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
551
I. GATLEY, E. E. BECKLIN, G. NEUGEBAUER, AND M. W. WERNER. Infrared Observations of Comet Kohoutek (1973f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
561
K. M. MERRILL. 8-13 ym Spectrophotometry
EDWARD G. GIBSON. Visual Observations
of Comet Kohoutek
.............
566
C. BARBIERI, C. B. COSMOVICI,K. W. MICHEL, T. NISHIMURA,AND A. E. ROCHE. Near-Infrared Observations of the Dust Coma of Comet Kohoutek (1973f) with a Tilting-Filter Fabry-Perot Photometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
568
M. ZEILIK II AND E. L. WRIGHT. Infrared Photometry
.....
577
W. F. HUEBNER, L. E. SNYDER, AND D. BUHL. HCN Radio Emission from Comet Kohoutek(1973f) ..................................................
580
W. A. TRAUB AND N. P. CARLETON.A Search for H,O and CH, in Comet Kohoutek
585
of Comet Kohoutek.
of Comet Kohoutek.
S. A. MANGO, K. J. JOHNSTON, M. F. CHUI, A. C. CHEUNG, AND D. MATSAKIS. Molecule Searches in Comet Kohoutek (1973f) at LMicrowave Frequencies. . . . 590 0. E. H. RYDBECK, J. ELLDBR, W. M. IRVINE, B. R~NN;~NG, P. D. GODFREY, N. FOURIKIS, AND M. W. SINCLAIR. A Search for Microwave Emission from CH in Comet Kohoutek (1973f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
595
E. R. WOLLMAN, T. R. GEBALLE, L. T. GREENBERG,J. H. LACY, C. H. TOWNES, AND D. M. RANK. An Upper Limit on the Evolution of Carbon Monoxide from CometKohoutek ..................................................
599
CHARLESL. HYDER, JOHN C. BRANDT, AND ROBERT G. ROOSEN. Tail Structures Far from the Head of Comet Kohoutek. I.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
601
P. C. CRUMPAND D. P. CRUIKSHANK.Photography of Comets 1973f (Kohoutek) and 1974b (Bradfield) at Mauna Kea Observatory ..........................
611
L. J. LANZEROTTI,M. F. ROBBINS, N. H. TOLK, AND S. H. NEFF. High Resolution Scans of Comet Kohoutek in the Vicinity of 5015, 5890, and 6563 A. . . . . . . .
618
L. G. PARCEL AND W. I. BEAVERS. Emission Band Ratios in Comet Kohoutek (1973f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
623
................................. AUTHOR INDEX ,....................................................... A cumulative April 1975.
630 631
subject index for Volumes 21-23 will appear in Volume 24, Numberi4,