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Contents Volume 236
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236 (2005) 949 – 952 www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl
Contents Volume 236 Letters Early magnetic field and magmatic activity on Mars from magma ocean cumulate overturn L.T. Elkins-Tanton, S.E. Zaranek, E.M. Parmentier and P.C. Hess. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antipodal hotspots and bipolar catastrophes: Were oceanic large-body impacts the cause? J.T. Hagstrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Search for traces of the late heavy bombardment on Earth—Results from high precision chromium isotopes R. Frei and M.T. Rosing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Methane formation at Costa Rica continental margin—constraints for gas hydrate inventories and cross-de´collement fluid flow C. Hensen and K. Wallmann. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The sources and evolution of sulfur in the hypersaline Lake Lisan (paleo-Dead Sea) A. Torfstein, I. Gavrieli and M. Stein. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Core formation and the oxidation state of the Earth J. Wade and B.J. Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waveform search for the innermost inner core V.F. Cormier and A. Stroujkova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Continental scale shear wave splitting analysis: Investigation of seismic anisotropy underneath the Australian continent M. Heintz and B.L.N. Kennett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mode of crustal extension determined by rheological layering C. Wijns, R. Weinberg, K. Gessner and L. Moresi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flow banding in obsidian: A record of evolving textural heterogeneity during magma deformation H.M. Gonnermann and M. Manga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The metasomatic alternative for ocean island basalt chemical heterogeneity S. Pilet, J. Hernandez, P. Sylvester and M. Poujol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Storage capacity of H2O in nominally anhydrous minerals in the upper mantle M.M. Hirschmann, C. Aubaud and A.C. Withers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slab devolatilization and Os and Pb mobility in the mantle wedge of the Kamchatka arc A. Saha, A.R. Basu, S.B. Jacobsen, R.J. Poreda, Q.-Z. Yin and G.M. Yogodzinski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contrasting timescales of crystallization and magma storage beneath the Aleutian Island arc B.R. Jicha, B.S. Singer, B.L. Beard and C.M. Johnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magma storage and underplating beneath Cumbre Vieja volcano, La Palma (Canary Islands) A. Klu¨gel, T.H. Hansteen and K. Galipp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seismic constraints on temperature of the Australian uppermost mantle S. Goes, F.J. Simons and K. Yoshizawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heat flow and bending-related faulting at subduction trenches: Case studies offshore of Nicaragua and Central Chile I. Grevemeyer, N. Kaul, J.L. Diaz-Naveas, H.W. Villinger, C.R. Ranero and C. Reichert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary in the North-West Atlantic region P. Kumar, R. Kind, W. Hanka, K. Wylegalla, Ch. Reigber, X. Yuan, I. Woelbern, P. Schwintzer, K. Fleming, T. Dahl-Jensen, T.B. Larsen, J. Schweitzer, K. Priestley, O. Gudmundsson and D. Wolf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Contents Volume 236
Upper mantle temperature determined from combining mineral composition, electrical conductivity laboratory studies and magnetotelluric field observations: Application to the intermontane belt, Northern Canadian Cordillera J. Ledo and A.G. Jones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Response of a bubble bearing viscoelastic fluid to rapid decompression: Implications for explosive volcanic eruptions A. Namiki and M. Manga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The impact of precession changes on the Arctic climate during the last interglacial–glacial transition M. Khodri, M.A. Cane, G. Kukla, J. Gavin and P. Braconnot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles B. Ho¨nisch and N.G. Hemming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A potential biomarker for the Permian–Triassic ecological crisis K. Grice, R.J. Twitchett, R. Alexander, C.B. Foster and C. Looy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A 25 m.y. isotopic record of paleodiet and environmental change from fossil mammals and paleosols from the NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau Y. Wang and T. Deng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Does Earth’s magnetic field secular variation control centennial climate change? Y. Gallet, A. Genevey and F. Fluteau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The geomagnetic dipole moment over the last 7000 years—new results from a global model M. Korte and C.G. Constable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A new Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic pole for the west of Amuria block (Khurmen Uul, Mongolia) F. Hankard, J.-P. Cogne´ and V. Kravchinsky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Neogene tectonic evolution of the southern and eastern Carpathians constrained by paleomagnetism G. Dupont-Nivet, I. Vasiliev, C.G. Langereis, W. Krijgsman and C. Panaiotu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comparison of U–Th, paleomagnetism, and cosmogenic burial methods for dating caves: Implications for landscape evolution studies G.M. Stock, D.E. Granger, I.D. Sasowsky, R.S. Anderson and R.C. Finkel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In situ cosmogenic 10Be and 21Ne in sanidine and in situ cosmogenic 3He in Fe–Ti-oxide minerals F. Kober, S. Ivy-Ochs, I. Leya, H. Baur, T. Magna, R. Wieler and P.W. Kubik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carbon isotope ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in rivers draining the Deccan Traps, India: Sources of DIC and their magnitudes A. Das, S. Krishnaswami and S.K. Bhattacharya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fe isotope fractionation on FeS formation in ambient aqueous solution I.B. Butler, C. Archer, D. Vance, A. Oldroyd and D. Rickard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apatite fission track and (U-Th)/He data from Fennoscandia: An example of underestimation of fission track annealing in apatite B.W.H. Hendriks and T.F. Redfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paleogene opening of Drake Passage R. Livermore, A. Nankivell, G. Eagles and P. Morris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pangea’s complex breakup: A new rapidly changing stress field model E.K. Beutel, S. Nomade, A.K. Fronabarger and P.R. Renne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dynamic rupture on a material interface with spontaneous generation of plastic strain in the bulk Y. Ben-Zion and Z. Shi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Soft sediment deformation by Kelvin Helmholtz Instability: A case from Dead Sea earthquakes E. Heifetz, A. Agnon and S. Marco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lithosphere tearing at STEP faults: response to edges of subduction zones R. Govers and M.J.R. Wortel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computation of phase equilibria by linear programming: A tool for geodynamic modeling and its application to subduction zone decarbonation J.A.D. Connolly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A numerical study of dynamo action as a function of spherical shell geometry M.H. Heimpel, J.M. Aurnou, F.M. Al-Shamali and N. Gomez Perez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magnetostratigraphic dating of hominoid-bearing sediments at Zhupeng, Yuanmou Basin, southwestern China R. Zhu, Q. Liu, H. Yao, Z. Guo, C. Deng, Y. Pan, L. Lu¨, Z. Chang and F. Gao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interlayer trapping of noble gases in insoluble organic matter of primitive meteorites Y. Marrocchi, S. Derenne, B. Marty and F. Robert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Detection of a Ca-rich lithology in the Earth’s deep (N300 km) convecting mantle F.E. Brenker, L. Vincze, B. Vekemans, L. Nasdala, T. Stachel, C. Vollmer, M. Kersten, A. Somogyi, F. Adams, W. Joswig and J.W. Harris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
258 269 285 305 315
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Contents Volume 236 Iron (II) distribution and oxidation kinetics in hydrothermal plumes at the Kairei and Edmond vent sites, Indian Ocean P.J. Statham, C.R. German and D.P. Connelly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A primordial solar-neon enriched component in the source of EM-I-type ocean island basalts from the Pitcairn Seamounts, Polynesia M. Honda and J.D. Woodhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fossil cosmogenic 3He record from K–Ar dated basaltic flows of Mount Etna volcano (Sicily, 388N): Evaluation of a new paleoaltimeter P.-H. Blard, J. Lave´, R. Pik, X. Quidelleur, D. Bourle`s and G. Kieffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genesis of andesitic–boninitic magmas at mid-ocean ridges by melting of hydrated peridotites: Geochemical evidence from DSDP Site 334 gabbronorites P. Nonnotte, G. Ceuleneer and M. Benoit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magma differentiation rates from (226Ra / 230Th) and the size and power output of magma chambers S. Blake and N. Rogers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cretaceous alkaline intra-plate magmatism in the Ecuadorian Oriente Basin: Geochemical, geochronological and tectonic evidence R. Barraga´n, P. Baby and R. Duncan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A plate tectonic mechanism for methane hydrate release along subduction zones A.H. Jahren, C.P. Conrad, N.C. Arens, G. Mora and C. Lithgow-Bertelloni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Neodymium isotope evolution of NW Tethyan upper ocean waters throughout the Cretaceous E. Puce´at, C. Le´cuyer and L. Reisberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modelling massive sulphate aerosol pollution, following the large 1783 Laki basaltic eruption A.-L. Chenet, F. Fluteau and V. Courtillot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gravity anomalies, flexure and the elastic thickness structure of the India–Eurasia collisional system T.A. Jordan and A.B. Watts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High-precision constraints on timing of Alpine warm periods during the middle to late Pleistocene using speleothem growth periods S. Holzka¨mper, C. Spo¨tl and A. Mangini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Late Pleistocene record of elevated UV radiation in an Antarctic lake D.A. Hodgson, W. Vyverman, E. Verleyen, P.R. Leavitt, K. Sabbe, A.H. Squier and B.J. Keely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Himalayan architecture constrained by isotopic tracers from clastic sediments A. Richards, T. Argles, N. Harris, R. Parrish, T. Ahmad, F. Darbyshire and E. Draganits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cosmic ray labeling of erosion surfaces II: Special cases of exposure histories of boulders, soils and beach terraces D. Lal and J. Chen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Controls on the shape and kinematics of the Central Andean plateau flanks: Insights from numerical modeling T. Vietor and O. Oncken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sensitivity of glacial isostatic adjustment models with shallow low-viscosity earth layers to the ice-load history in relation to the performance of GOCE and GRACE H.H.A. Schotman and L.L.A. Vermeersen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Directivity and apparent velocity of the coseismic ionospheric disturbances observed with a dense GPS array K. Heki and J. Ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Room-temperature magnetic properties of ferrihydrite: A potential magnetic remanence carrier? S. Johari Pannalal, S.A. Crowe, M.T. Cioppa, D.T.A. Symons, A. Sturm and D.A. Fowle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grain growth kinetics of ringwoodite and its implication for rheology of the subducting slab D. Yamazaki, T. Inoue, M. Okamoto and T. Irifune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Experimental investigation of equilibration conditions during forsterite growth and melt inclusion formation F. Faure and P. Schiano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kinetics of antigorite dehydration: A real-time X-ray diffraction study J.-P. Perrillat, I. Daniel, K.T. Koga, B. Reynard, H. Cardon and W.A. Crichton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In situ observations of phase transition between perovskite and CaIrO3-type phase in MgSiO3 and pyrolitic mantle composition S. Ono and A.R. Oganov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Asteroid/comet impact clusters, flood basalts and mass extinctions: Significance of isotopic age overlaps A. Glikson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Reply to A. Glikson’s comment on dContemporaneous mass extinctions, continental flood basalts, and dimpact signalsT: Are mantle plume-induced lithospheric gas explosions the causal link?T [EPSL 217 (2004) 263–285] J. Phipps Morgan, T.J. Reston and C.R. Ranero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Contents Volume 236 Letters Early magnetic field and magmatic activity on Mars from magma ocean cumulate overturn L.T. Elkins-Tanton, S.E. Zaranek, E.M. Parmentier and P.C. Hess. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antipodal hotspots and bipolar catastrophes: Were oceanic large-body impacts the cause? J.T. Hagstrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Search for traces of the late heavy bombardment on Earth—Results from high precision chromium isotopes R. Frei and M.T. Rosing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Methane formation at Costa Rica continental margin—constraints for gas hydrate inventories and cross-de´collement fluid flow C. Hensen and K. Wallmann. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The sources and evolution of sulfur in the hypersaline Lake Lisan (paleo-Dead Sea) A. Torfstein, I. Gavrieli and M. Stein. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Core formation and the oxidation state of the Earth J. Wade and B.J. Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waveform search for the innermost inner core V.F. Cormier and A. Stroujkova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Continental scale shear wave splitting analysis: Investigation of seismic anisotropy underneath the Australian continent M. Heintz and B.L.N. Kennett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mode of crustal extension determined by rheological layering C. Wijns, R. Weinberg, K. Gessner and L. Moresi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flow banding in obsidian: A record of evolving textural heterogeneity during magma deformation H.M. Gonnermann and M. Manga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The metasomatic alternative for ocean island basalt chemical heterogeneity S. Pilet, J. Hernandez, P. Sylvester and M. Poujol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Storage capacity of H2O in nominally anhydrous minerals in the upper mantle M.M. Hirschmann, C. Aubaud and A.C. Withers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slab devolatilization and Os and Pb mobility in the mantle wedge of the Kamchatka arc A. Saha, A.R. Basu, S.B. Jacobsen, R.J. Poreda, Q.-Z. Yin and G.M. Yogodzinski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contrasting timescales of crystallization and magma storage beneath the Aleutian Island arc B.R. Jicha, B.S. Singer, B.L. Beard and C.M. Johnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magma storage and underplating beneath Cumbre Vieja volcano, La Palma (Canary Islands) A. Klu¨gel, T.H. Hansteen and K. Galipp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seismic constraints on temperature of the Australian uppermost mantle S. Goes, F.J. Simons and K. Yoshizawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heat flow and bending-related faulting at subduction trenches: Case studies offshore of Nicaragua and Central Chile I. Grevemeyer, N. Kaul, J.L. Diaz-Naveas, H.W. Villinger, C.R. Ranero and C. Reichert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary in the North-West Atlantic region P. Kumar, R. Kind, W. Hanka, K. Wylegalla, Ch. Reigber, X. Yuan, I. Woelbern, P. Schwintzer, K. Fleming, T. Dahl-Jensen, T.B. Larsen, J. Schweitzer, K. Priestley, O. Gudmundsson and D. Wolf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Contents Volume 236
Upper mantle temperature determined from combining mineral composition, electrical conductivity laboratory studies and magnetotelluric field observations: Application to the intermontane belt, Northern Canadian Cordillera J. Ledo and A.G. Jones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Response of a bubble bearing viscoelastic fluid to rapid decompression: Implications for explosive volcanic eruptions A. Namiki and M. Manga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The impact of precession changes on the Arctic climate during the last interglacial–glacial transition M. Khodri, M.A. Cane, G. Kukla, J. Gavin and P. Braconnot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles B. Ho¨nisch and N.G. Hemming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A potential biomarker for the Permian–Triassic ecological crisis K. Grice, R.J. Twitchett, R. Alexander, C.B. Foster and C. Looy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A 25 m.y. isotopic record of paleodiet and environmental change from fossil mammals and paleosols from the NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau Y. Wang and T. Deng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Does Earth’s magnetic field secular variation control centennial climate change? Y. Gallet, A. Genevey and F. Fluteau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The geomagnetic dipole moment over the last 7000 years—new results from a global model M. Korte and C.G. Constable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A new Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic pole for the west of Amuria block (Khurmen Uul, Mongolia) F. Hankard, J.-P. Cogne´ and V. Kravchinsky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Neogene tectonic evolution of the southern and eastern Carpathians constrained by paleomagnetism G. Dupont-Nivet, I. Vasiliev, C.G. Langereis, W. Krijgsman and C. Panaiotu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comparison of U–Th, paleomagnetism, and cosmogenic burial methods for dating caves: Implications for landscape evolution studies G.M. Stock, D.E. Granger, I.D. Sasowsky, R.S. Anderson and R.C. Finkel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In situ cosmogenic 10Be and 21Ne in sanidine and in situ cosmogenic 3He in Fe–Ti-oxide minerals F. Kober, S. Ivy-Ochs, I. Leya, H. Baur, T. Magna, R. Wieler and P.W. Kubik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carbon isotope ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in rivers draining the Deccan Traps, India: Sources of DIC and their magnitudes A. Das, S. Krishnaswami and S.K. Bhattacharya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fe isotope fractionation on FeS formation in ambient aqueous solution I.B. Butler, C. Archer, D. Vance, A. Oldroyd and D. Rickard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apatite fission track and (U-Th)/He data from Fennoscandia: An example of underestimation of fission track annealing in apatite B.W.H. Hendriks and T.F. Redfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paleogene opening of Drake Passage R. Livermore, A. Nankivell, G. Eagles and P. Morris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pangea’s complex breakup: A new rapidly changing stress field model E.K. Beutel, S. Nomade, A.K. Fronabarger and P.R. Renne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dynamic rupture on a material interface with spontaneous generation of plastic strain in the bulk Y. Ben-Zion and Z. Shi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Soft sediment deformation by Kelvin Helmholtz Instability: A case from Dead Sea earthquakes E. Heifetz, A. Agnon and S. Marco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lithosphere tearing at STEP faults: response to edges of subduction zones R. Govers and M.J.R. Wortel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computation of phase equilibria by linear programming: A tool for geodynamic modeling and its application to subduction zone decarbonation J.A.D. Connolly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A numerical study of dynamo action as a function of spherical shell geometry M.H. Heimpel, J.M. Aurnou, F.M. Al-Shamali and N. Gomez Perez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magnetostratigraphic dating of hominoid-bearing sediments at Zhupeng, Yuanmou Basin, southwestern China R. Zhu, Q. Liu, H. Yao, Z. Guo, C. Deng, Y. Pan, L. Lu¨, Z. Chang and F. Gao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interlayer trapping of noble gases in insoluble organic matter of primitive meteorites Y. Marrocchi, S. Derenne, B. Marty and F. Robert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Detection of a Ca-rich lithology in the Earth’s deep (N300 km) convecting mantle F.E. Brenker, L. Vincze, B. Vekemans, L. Nasdala, T. Stachel, C. Vollmer, M. Kersten, A. Somogyi, F. Adams, W. Joswig and J.W. Harris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
258 269 285 305 315
322 339 348 359 374
388 404
419 430 443 459 471 486 497 505
524 542 559 569
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Contents Volume 236 Iron (II) distribution and oxidation kinetics in hydrothermal plumes at the Kairei and Edmond vent sites, Indian Ocean P.J. Statham, C.R. German and D.P. Connelly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A primordial solar-neon enriched component in the source of EM-I-type ocean island basalts from the Pitcairn Seamounts, Polynesia M. Honda and J.D. Woodhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fossil cosmogenic 3He record from K–Ar dated basaltic flows of Mount Etna volcano (Sicily, 388N): Evaluation of a new paleoaltimeter P.-H. Blard, J. Lave´, R. Pik, X. Quidelleur, D. Bourle`s and G. Kieffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genesis of andesitic–boninitic magmas at mid-ocean ridges by melting of hydrated peridotites: Geochemical evidence from DSDP Site 334 gabbronorites P. Nonnotte, G. Ceuleneer and M. Benoit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magma differentiation rates from (226Ra / 230Th) and the size and power output of magma chambers S. Blake and N. Rogers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cretaceous alkaline intra-plate magmatism in the Ecuadorian Oriente Basin: Geochemical, geochronological and tectonic evidence R. Barraga´n, P. Baby and R. Duncan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A plate tectonic mechanism for methane hydrate release along subduction zones A.H. Jahren, C.P. Conrad, N.C. Arens, G. Mora and C. Lithgow-Bertelloni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Neodymium isotope evolution of NW Tethyan upper ocean waters throughout the Cretaceous E. Puce´at, C. Le´cuyer and L. Reisberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modelling massive sulphate aerosol pollution, following the large 1783 Laki basaltic eruption A.-L. Chenet, F. Fluteau and V. Courtillot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gravity anomalies, flexure and the elastic thickness structure of the India–Eurasia collisional system T.A. Jordan and A.B. Watts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High-precision constraints on timing of Alpine warm periods during the middle to late Pleistocene using speleothem growth periods S. Holzka¨mper, C. Spo¨tl and A. Mangini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Late Pleistocene record of elevated UV radiation in an Antarctic lake D.A. Hodgson, W. Vyverman, E. Verleyen, P.R. Leavitt, K. Sabbe, A.H. Squier and B.J. Keely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Himalayan architecture constrained by isotopic tracers from clastic sediments A. Richards, T. Argles, N. Harris, R. Parrish, T. Ahmad, F. Darbyshire and E. Draganits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cosmic ray labeling of erosion surfaces II: Special cases of exposure histories of boulders, soils and beach terraces D. Lal and J. Chen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Controls on the shape and kinematics of the Central Andean plateau flanks: Insights from numerical modeling T. Vietor and O. Oncken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sensitivity of glacial isostatic adjustment models with shallow low-viscosity earth layers to the ice-load history in relation to the performance of GOCE and GRACE H.H.A. Schotman and L.L.A. Vermeersen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Directivity and apparent velocity of the coseismic ionospheric disturbances observed with a dense GPS array K. Heki and J. Ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Room-temperature magnetic properties of ferrihydrite: A potential magnetic remanence carrier? S. Johari Pannalal, S.A. Crowe, M.T. Cioppa, D.T.A. Symons, A. Sturm and D.A. Fowle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grain growth kinetics of ringwoodite and its implication for rheology of the subducting slab D. Yamazaki, T. Inoue, M. Okamoto and T. Irifune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Experimental investigation of equilibration conditions during forsterite growth and melt inclusion formation F. Faure and P. Schiano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kinetics of antigorite dehydration: A real-time X-ray diffraction study J.-P. Perrillat, I. Daniel, K.T. Koga, B. Reynard, H. Cardon and W.A. Crichton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In situ observations of phase transition between perovskite and CaIrO3-type phase in MgSiO3 and pyrolitic mantle composition S. Ono and A.R. Oganov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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597
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613
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632
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654
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670
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691
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705
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732
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751
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797
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814
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828
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856
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871
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882
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Asteroid/comet impact clusters, flood basalts and mass extinctions: Significance of isotopic age overlaps A. Glikson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Contents Volume 236
Reply to A. Glikson’s comment on dContemporaneous mass extinctions, continental flood basalts, and dimpact signalsT: Are mantle plume-induced lithospheric gas explosions the causal link?T [EPSL 217 (2004) 263–285] J. Phipps Morgan, T.J. Reston and C.R. Ranero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
938
Author Index Volume 236. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Contents Volume 236 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
949