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Contribution to the solution of the problem of electron beam welding in vacuum
Classified
abstracts
337-347 37 : 45
337. Contribution
to the solution
of the problem
of electron
beam
(Czechoslovakia) Conditions of electron beam welding in vacuum were simulated by the action of 28 and 42 keV electron beams, with currents up to 5 mA, on dural, aluminium, steel, kovar, stainless steel and titanium sheets. Diagrams are given for the dependence of the fusion zone shape on the beam parameters, but the beam diameter and its dependence on the beam parameters are not indicated. V Ustohal et al, Zvuranie, 16 (IO), Ocr 1967. 3499355 (in Czech). 37 338. Manufacture of steel for safety razors. (Czechoslovakia) Processes for the manufacture of steel for safety razor fabrication are described. The percentage alloying elements in the steel are: 1XC, 0.30Mn, 0.2OSi, O.OlSP, O.O15S, and 0.50Cr. For this application the advantages of vacuum melting and vacuum casting are demonstrated and optimum conditions for rolling and heat treatment are discussed. F Wiesner, Hutnik, 16 (8). 1966, 389-392 (in Czech). welding in vacuum.
339. Crucible reactions (Great Britain)
in vacuum melting
37 0.2 per cent carbon steel.
The vacuum melting of carbon steels was investigated for crucibles made of aluminosilicate containing 95,60, and 42 per cent of alumina. The melts were processed at 1400°C and about 10m3torr. The results indicate that the oxygen content of the melts is determined by a balance between the oxygen arising from reaction with the crucible and that removed as carbon monoxide at the melt/vacuum interface. For 12 kg melts, the minimum oxygen content was about 0.001 wt-per cent. Reasonable estimates of the silicon pick-up could be made using Machlin’s rigid flow theory. S W Graham and B B Argent, .f Zuor~Steel Inst, 205 (IO), Ott 1967, 1066-l 068.
38. DISTILLATION, ANALYSIS
ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY,
1SOTOPlC
Moscow-Leningrad 1966, 202 pages, price Rb 0.82 (in Russianoriginal title: Vvedenie v mass-spektrometriva organicheskikh soediner1i.v). 38 341. Mass spectra of amino acids in the case of photoionization. (USSR)
The series arrangement of amino acids in peptides was investigated using the MI-I 305 mass spectrometer. Simpler charts were obtained when the sample vapours were ionized by 9-l 3 eV photons, of wavelength 1300 to 950 A, instead of electron impact ionization. V M Orlov and Ya M Varshavskiy, Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR, 176 (3), 21st Sept 1967, 602-605 (in Russian).
and techniques
used in vacuum
40. GAS AND VAPOURS 40 Viscosities
of argon and nitrogen.
See abstract number
R G Clark and A Piacentini, Rep AFAPL-TR-66-138; AD-649552, Jan 1967, 708 pages (Sci Tech Aerospace Reps, 5 (15), 2084, N6728571).
41. METALS AND ALLOYS 41 : 16. Ultrahigh vacuum techniques. See abstract number 199. 41 : 37 Studies on the high temperature Zr. See abstract number 329.
oxidation
41 343. A study of the expansion
of mercury vapour.
: 15
198.
See abstract number
250. 40: 17 342. Research
on the enthalpy
of nitrogen-oxygen-argon
mixtures.
(USA)
The enthalpy of mixtures of Nz, OS and Ar was measured and correlated over a wide range of compositions, pressures and cryogenic temperatures. The correlations are presented in extensive tables. A 106
(USA)
Experimental evidence for the achievement of high mercury supersaturations is cited, and the components and operation of the experimental mercury nozzle flow system are described. Results of a computer study are discussed and indicate that with dry mercury vapour no condensation would occur in the experimental nozzle. Pressure data and wall temperature are presented in graphical and tabulated form. Wall temperature data did not behave as predicted. An explanation is suggested involving evaporation of entrained droplets in the boundary layer. B J Ostermier et al, Rep NA A-S R- 12049, March 1967. 94 page,, (S-i Tech Aerospace Reps, 5 (IS), 2880, N67-29878). 41 123 344. Thermal
expansion at low temperatures of anisotropic metals: indium. (Great Britain) Measurements of the linear expansion of indium at temperatures down to 2’K were carried out. The expansion characteristics have been determined to this temperatures taking into account the effect of anisotropy and analyzing the thermodynamic consistency of the (Australia) expansion data with other measurements. J G Collins et al, Crjwgenics, 7 (4), 1967. 219-224. 42. GLASS,
CERAMICS
AND REFRACTORY
OXIDES
42 : 31 345. Evaluation of machinable, acid-treated, reconstituted alumina for electron tubes. (USA) A method to soften high-purity polycrystalline alumina for machining purposes and then redensifying the machined ceramic has been developed. The test results obtained on the acid treated, reconstituted samples indicate that this alumina (96 per cent A&O,) can be metallized, brazed and included within the electron tube vacuum envelope without any deleterious effect on tube performance. S R du Buske and S R Leefe, Rep ECOM-2811; A D-651930, Marc/z 1967, 14 pages (Sci Tech Aerospace 45. SOLDERIKG,
Reps, 5 (17), 3036, N67-30540).
WELDING, BRAZING, SOLDERS
45 : 37 Contribution to the solution of the problem of electron beam welding in vacuum. See abstract number 337. 45 346. An investigation of industrial practices in joining foils with (USA) experimental investigation in pressure welding foil ahuninium. The results of an investigation on thin foil welding technology are presented. Welding techniques which have received the greatest attention for thin foils are: inert gas shielded-arc welding, resistance welding and ultrasonic welding. The relationship of pressure, time and temperature for optimum cold and hot pressure welding of foils (0.0025 inch aluminium) was determined. J D Trawick, Rep DRL-458; AD-652799, Res Develop Reps, 67 (I 5), 1967, 108).
40 : 22 In-flight hydrogen detection by mass spectrometer.
of MO, W, Nb, Ta, Ti and
GAS
3x 340. Introduction to the mass spectrometry of organic compounds. (USSR) After a brief description of typical mass spectrometers and a detailed discussion of the mass spectra of hydrocarbons, alcohols and silicones, qualitative and quantitative analytical methods are described. The use of low-energy electron impact ionization of the sample vapours is briefly discussed. 3 12 references are included. A A Polyakova and R A Rhmel’nitskiy, book publ’d by Khimiya,
IV. Materials technology
nomograph for converting from mole fraction to weight fraction for N,-02-Ar mixtures is presented.
347. Vacuum (or fluxless) alloy. (USA)
brazing-gas
Jan 1967,55pages
(US G‘OIY
45 quenching of 6061 aluminium
An investigation was made to provide a process for producing helium leak-tight containers under controlled processing. The concept evolved around combining vacuum brazing and gas quenching into one operation. The parts were quenched in the furnace after brazing or solution treating. As a result of the investigation it was concluded that vacuum brazing and gas quenching is feasible for production
abstracts
337-347 37 : 45
337. Contribution
to the solution
of the problem
of electron
beam
(Czechoslovakia) Conditions of electron beam welding in vacuum were simulated by the action of 28 and 42 keV electron beams, with currents up to 5 mA, on dural, aluminium, steel, kovar, stainless steel and titanium sheets. Diagrams are given for the dependence of the fusion zone shape on the beam parameters, but the beam diameter and its dependence on the beam parameters are not indicated. V Ustohal et al, Zvuranie, 16 (IO), Ocr 1967. 3499355 (in Czech). 37 338. Manufacture of steel for safety razors. (Czechoslovakia) Processes for the manufacture of steel for safety razor fabrication are described. The percentage alloying elements in the steel are: 1XC, 0.30Mn, 0.2OSi, O.OlSP, O.O15S, and 0.50Cr. For this application the advantages of vacuum melting and vacuum casting are demonstrated and optimum conditions for rolling and heat treatment are discussed. F Wiesner, Hutnik, 16 (8). 1966, 389-392 (in Czech). welding in vacuum.
339. Crucible reactions (Great Britain)
in vacuum melting
37 0.2 per cent carbon steel.
The vacuum melting of carbon steels was investigated for crucibles made of aluminosilicate containing 95,60, and 42 per cent of alumina. The melts were processed at 1400°C and about 10m3torr. The results indicate that the oxygen content of the melts is determined by a balance between the oxygen arising from reaction with the crucible and that removed as carbon monoxide at the melt/vacuum interface. For 12 kg melts, the minimum oxygen content was about 0.001 wt-per cent. Reasonable estimates of the silicon pick-up could be made using Machlin’s rigid flow theory. S W Graham and B B Argent, .f Zuor~Steel Inst, 205 (IO), Ott 1967, 1066-l 068.
38. DISTILLATION, ANALYSIS
ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY,
1SOTOPlC
Moscow-Leningrad 1966, 202 pages, price Rb 0.82 (in Russianoriginal title: Vvedenie v mass-spektrometriva organicheskikh soediner1i.v). 38 341. Mass spectra of amino acids in the case of photoionization. (USSR)
The series arrangement of amino acids in peptides was investigated using the MI-I 305 mass spectrometer. Simpler charts were obtained when the sample vapours were ionized by 9-l 3 eV photons, of wavelength 1300 to 950 A, instead of electron impact ionization. V M Orlov and Ya M Varshavskiy, Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR, 176 (3), 21st Sept 1967, 602-605 (in Russian).
and techniques
used in vacuum
40. GAS AND VAPOURS 40 Viscosities
of argon and nitrogen.
See abstract number
R G Clark and A Piacentini, Rep AFAPL-TR-66-138; AD-649552, Jan 1967, 708 pages (Sci Tech Aerospace Reps, 5 (15), 2084, N6728571).
41. METALS AND ALLOYS 41 : 16. Ultrahigh vacuum techniques. See abstract number 199. 41 : 37 Studies on the high temperature Zr. See abstract number 329.
oxidation
41 343. A study of the expansion
of mercury vapour.
: 15
198.
See abstract number
250. 40: 17 342. Research
on the enthalpy
of nitrogen-oxygen-argon
mixtures.
(USA)
The enthalpy of mixtures of Nz, OS and Ar was measured and correlated over a wide range of compositions, pressures and cryogenic temperatures. The correlations are presented in extensive tables. A 106
(USA)
Experimental evidence for the achievement of high mercury supersaturations is cited, and the components and operation of the experimental mercury nozzle flow system are described. Results of a computer study are discussed and indicate that with dry mercury vapour no condensation would occur in the experimental nozzle. Pressure data and wall temperature are presented in graphical and tabulated form. Wall temperature data did not behave as predicted. An explanation is suggested involving evaporation of entrained droplets in the boundary layer. B J Ostermier et al, Rep NA A-S R- 12049, March 1967. 94 page,, (S-i Tech Aerospace Reps, 5 (IS), 2880, N67-29878). 41 123 344. Thermal
expansion at low temperatures of anisotropic metals: indium. (Great Britain) Measurements of the linear expansion of indium at temperatures down to 2’K were carried out. The expansion characteristics have been determined to this temperatures taking into account the effect of anisotropy and analyzing the thermodynamic consistency of the (Australia) expansion data with other measurements. J G Collins et al, Crjwgenics, 7 (4), 1967. 219-224. 42. GLASS,
CERAMICS
AND REFRACTORY
OXIDES
42 : 31 345. Evaluation of machinable, acid-treated, reconstituted alumina for electron tubes. (USA) A method to soften high-purity polycrystalline alumina for machining purposes and then redensifying the machined ceramic has been developed. The test results obtained on the acid treated, reconstituted samples indicate that this alumina (96 per cent A&O,) can be metallized, brazed and included within the electron tube vacuum envelope without any deleterious effect on tube performance. S R du Buske and S R Leefe, Rep ECOM-2811; A D-651930, Marc/z 1967, 14 pages (Sci Tech Aerospace 45. SOLDERIKG,
Reps, 5 (17), 3036, N67-30540).
WELDING, BRAZING, SOLDERS
45 : 37 Contribution to the solution of the problem of electron beam welding in vacuum. See abstract number 337. 45 346. An investigation of industrial practices in joining foils with (USA) experimental investigation in pressure welding foil ahuninium. The results of an investigation on thin foil welding technology are presented. Welding techniques which have received the greatest attention for thin foils are: inert gas shielded-arc welding, resistance welding and ultrasonic welding. The relationship of pressure, time and temperature for optimum cold and hot pressure welding of foils (0.0025 inch aluminium) was determined. J D Trawick, Rep DRL-458; AD-652799, Res Develop Reps, 67 (I 5), 1967, 108).
40 : 22 In-flight hydrogen detection by mass spectrometer.
of MO, W, Nb, Ta, Ti and
GAS
3x 340. Introduction to the mass spectrometry of organic compounds. (USSR) After a brief description of typical mass spectrometers and a detailed discussion of the mass spectra of hydrocarbons, alcohols and silicones, qualitative and quantitative analytical methods are described. The use of low-energy electron impact ionization of the sample vapours is briefly discussed. 3 12 references are included. A A Polyakova and R A Rhmel’nitskiy, book publ’d by Khimiya,
IV. Materials technology
nomograph for converting from mole fraction to weight fraction for N,-02-Ar mixtures is presented.
347. Vacuum (or fluxless) alloy. (USA)
brazing-gas
Jan 1967,55pages
(US G‘OIY
45 quenching of 6061 aluminium
An investigation was made to provide a process for producing helium leak-tight containers under controlled processing. The concept evolved around combining vacuum brazing and gas quenching into one operation. The parts were quenched in the furnace after brazing or solution treating. As a result of the investigation it was concluded that vacuum brazing and gas quenching is feasible for production