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Contributions of supplementary eye field and anterior cingulate cortex to performance monitoring during saccade countermanding
12
IOP 2016
387
All those data suggest that action monitoring, error detection and correction are separated processes, occurring at different moments in time, and in distinct brain structures.
Contributions of supplementary eye field and anterior cingulate cortex to performance monitoring during saccade countermanding
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.041
Jeffrey D. Schall, David C. Godlove, Geoffrey F. Woodman Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
538
In macaque monkeys performing a countermanding saccade (stop signal) task, single-units in the Supplementary Eye Field (SEF) and dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) discharge when errors are committed and when reinforcement is expected and earned. Neurons in SEF but not dACC also appear to signal the magnitude of response conflict. Parallel signals are found in local field potentials (LFP) in SEF and dACC. I will describe new research that seeks to relate these observations to the properties of the error-related negativity (ERN) recorded from the monkeys. Current source density derived from the LFP recorded across all layers of SEF using linear electrode arrays exhibited systematic differences following error as compared to correct responses. These results demonstrate that SEF is one source of the ERN associated with gaze performance monitoring. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.040
537 Action monitoring in Human: evidence for a two steps error detection Boris Burle Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France Detecting and reacting appropriately to errors is essential for adaptive behavior. It has long been considered that the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) had a core role in error detection, either through a comparison process or through conflict monitoring, and that the electrophysiological correlates of such processes were to be found in the “Error Negativity” (Ne, or “Error Related Negativity”ERN). This activity, however, is not specific to errors. First, committed errors are only the tip of the iceberg, and electromyographic recording revealed the presence of “partial errors”, that is subliminal incorrect response activations corrected before any behavioral error, which also elicit an Ne, although of smaller amplitude. Even more problematic, the use of Current Source Density revealed the existence of a similar activity on pure-correct trials. These three wave share the same cortical generators and hence reflect a gradual change from correct to errors. Furthermore, intracerebral recording revealed that the core generator of the Ne is the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA), not ACC. The later is recruited later, is much more specific to erroneous responses, and its activity (both in terms of amplitude and latency) depends on the SMA one. Partial errors are of particular interest to study control and error correction, since in such trials, the incorrect response was unambiguously activated, but was overcame before being committed. Such partial errors remain largely unperceived by participants. They offer the possibility to investigate the link between error detection, awareness and correction. The Ne on partial error was clearly modulated by awareness. Whatever awareness, partial error apparently did not elicit any “Error Positvity” (Pe), a brain activity that has been related to error awareness, in the latency range in which it is elicited for errors. However, analyzing activities occurring after the correct response following the partial error suggests that awareness occurs much later, after the correct response has been given.
Performance monitoring and cognitive control in obsessivecompulsive disorder: evidence from brain activity measures Rosa Grützmanna, Tanja Endrassb, Julia Klawohna, Anja Riesela, Christian Kaufmanna, Norbert Kathmanna a Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany b Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Magdeburg, Germany Obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with increased performance monitoring, as indexed by the error-related and correct-related negativity (ERN, CRN). By applying principal component analysis (PCA) to these components we found that, OCD is not only characterized by excessive error detection, but also by excessive monitoring of objectively correct responses. We followed-up on these findings by using parallel EEG-FMRI to identify the neuronal generators of increased ERN and CRN in OCD patients. While the midcingulate cortex was identified as a main generator of the ERN both in the healthy and in the OCD group, the preSMA selectively contributed to ERN enhancement in OCD patients. These findings indicate that performancemonitoring alterations in OCD might not be restricted to error monitoring but comprise broader mechanisms of performance monitoring specifically with regard to flexibly applying cognitive control. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.042
36 Symposium A2 Neuroimaging and Electrophysiological Markers of Neural Connectivity in Schizophrenia and Modulating Mechanisms Organizer: Aysenil Belger (United States) Schizophrenia is a complex neurodevelopmental disorders affecting multiple aspects of the maturation of brain function and structure. Recent studies have begun to unveil novel mechanisms of functional disconnectivity using converging and complementary neuroimaging and electrophysiological methods. In this symposium, we will present new data illustrating the patterns of disconnectivity in schizophrenia and their correlates across a broad range of functions, from motor control to executive functions. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.043
426 State dependent information processing, microstates and schizophrenia Thomas Koenig University Hospital of Psychiatry University of Bern, Bern 60, Switzerland
IOP 2016
387
All those data suggest that action monitoring, error detection and correction are separated processes, occurring at different moments in time, and in distinct brain structures.
Contributions of supplementary eye field and anterior cingulate cortex to performance monitoring during saccade countermanding
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.041
Jeffrey D. Schall, David C. Godlove, Geoffrey F. Woodman Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
538
In macaque monkeys performing a countermanding saccade (stop signal) task, single-units in the Supplementary Eye Field (SEF) and dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) discharge when errors are committed and when reinforcement is expected and earned. Neurons in SEF but not dACC also appear to signal the magnitude of response conflict. Parallel signals are found in local field potentials (LFP) in SEF and dACC. I will describe new research that seeks to relate these observations to the properties of the error-related negativity (ERN) recorded from the monkeys. Current source density derived from the LFP recorded across all layers of SEF using linear electrode arrays exhibited systematic differences following error as compared to correct responses. These results demonstrate that SEF is one source of the ERN associated with gaze performance monitoring. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.040
537 Action monitoring in Human: evidence for a two steps error detection Boris Burle Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France Detecting and reacting appropriately to errors is essential for adaptive behavior. It has long been considered that the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) had a core role in error detection, either through a comparison process or through conflict monitoring, and that the electrophysiological correlates of such processes were to be found in the “Error Negativity” (Ne, or “Error Related Negativity”ERN). This activity, however, is not specific to errors. First, committed errors are only the tip of the iceberg, and electromyographic recording revealed the presence of “partial errors”, that is subliminal incorrect response activations corrected before any behavioral error, which also elicit an Ne, although of smaller amplitude. Even more problematic, the use of Current Source Density revealed the existence of a similar activity on pure-correct trials. These three wave share the same cortical generators and hence reflect a gradual change from correct to errors. Furthermore, intracerebral recording revealed that the core generator of the Ne is the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA), not ACC. The later is recruited later, is much more specific to erroneous responses, and its activity (both in terms of amplitude and latency) depends on the SMA one. Partial errors are of particular interest to study control and error correction, since in such trials, the incorrect response was unambiguously activated, but was overcame before being committed. Such partial errors remain largely unperceived by participants. They offer the possibility to investigate the link between error detection, awareness and correction. The Ne on partial error was clearly modulated by awareness. Whatever awareness, partial error apparently did not elicit any “Error Positvity” (Pe), a brain activity that has been related to error awareness, in the latency range in which it is elicited for errors. However, analyzing activities occurring after the correct response following the partial error suggests that awareness occurs much later, after the correct response has been given.
Performance monitoring and cognitive control in obsessivecompulsive disorder: evidence from brain activity measures Rosa Grützmanna, Tanja Endrassb, Julia Klawohna, Anja Riesela, Christian Kaufmanna, Norbert Kathmanna a Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany b Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Magdeburg, Germany Obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with increased performance monitoring, as indexed by the error-related and correct-related negativity (ERN, CRN). By applying principal component analysis (PCA) to these components we found that, OCD is not only characterized by excessive error detection, but also by excessive monitoring of objectively correct responses. We followed-up on these findings by using parallel EEG-FMRI to identify the neuronal generators of increased ERN and CRN in OCD patients. While the midcingulate cortex was identified as a main generator of the ERN both in the healthy and in the OCD group, the preSMA selectively contributed to ERN enhancement in OCD patients. These findings indicate that performancemonitoring alterations in OCD might not be restricted to error monitoring but comprise broader mechanisms of performance monitoring specifically with regard to flexibly applying cognitive control. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.042
36 Symposium A2 Neuroimaging and Electrophysiological Markers of Neural Connectivity in Schizophrenia and Modulating Mechanisms Organizer: Aysenil Belger (United States) Schizophrenia is a complex neurodevelopmental disorders affecting multiple aspects of the maturation of brain function and structure. Recent studies have begun to unveil novel mechanisms of functional disconnectivity using converging and complementary neuroimaging and electrophysiological methods. In this symposium, we will present new data illustrating the patterns of disconnectivity in schizophrenia and their correlates across a broad range of functions, from motor control to executive functions. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.043
426 State dependent information processing, microstates and schizophrenia Thomas Koenig University Hospital of Psychiatry University of Bern, Bern 60, Switzerland