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Controversies surrounding the deoxyglucose method
~2 23 Largo, R. H. and Schinzel, A. (1985) Eur. J. Pediatr. 143, 26%275 24 Thake, A., Todd, J., Bundey, S. and Webb, T. Arch. Dis. Child. (in press) 25 Fishburn, J., Turner, G., Daniel, A. and Brookwell, R. (1983) Am. J. Med. Genet. 14, 713--724 26 Brookwell, R. and Turner, G. (1983) Hum. Genet. 63, 77 27 Fitchett, M. and Seabright, M. (1984) J. Med. Genet. 21,373 28 Barbi, G. and Steinbach, P. (1982) Hum. Genet. 61, 82 29 Steinbach, P., Barbi, G., Baur, S. and Wiedermann, A. (1983) Hum. Genet. 63, 404-405 30 Nussbaum, R.L., Airhart, S.D. and Ledbetter, D. H. (1983) Hum. Genet. 64, 148-150 31 Soudek, D., Partington, M. W. and Lawson, J. S. (1984) Am. J. Med. Genet. 17,241-252 32 Glover, T. W. (1983) in Cytogenetics o f the Mammalian X Chromosome, Part B (Sandberg, A. A., ed.), pp. 415-430, A. R. Liss, Inc., New York 33 Tommerup, N., Sondergaard, F., Tonnesen, T., Kristensen, M., Arveiler, B. and Schinzel, A. (1985) Lancet i, 870 34 Pembrey, M. E., Winter, R. M. and Davies, K. Am. J. Med. Genet. 21,709-717 35 Daker, M. G., Chidiac, P., Fear, C. N. and Berry, A. C. (1981) Lancet i, 780 36 Webb, G. C., Rogers, J. G., Pitt, D. B., Halliday, J. and Theobald, T. (1981) Lancet ii, 1231-1232 37 Froster-Iskenius, U., Schulze, A. and Schwinger, E. (1984) Hum. Genet. 67, 41% 427 38 Paul, J., Froster-lskenius, U., Moje, W. and Schwinger, E. (1984) Hum. Genet. 66, 344346 39 Sherman, S.L., Jacobs, P.A., Morton, N.E., Froster-lskenius, U., HowardPeebles, P. N., Nielsen, K. B., Partington, M. W., Sutherland, G. R., Turner, G. and Watson, M. (1985) Hum. Genet. 69, 289-299 40 Szabo, P., Purrello, M., Rocchi, M., Archidiacono, N, Alhadeff, B., Filippi, G., Toniolo, D., Martini, G., Luzzatto, L. and Siniscalco, M. (1984) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 81, 7855-7859 41 Mallei, M. G., Baeteman, M. A., Heilig, R., OberM, 1., Davies, K., Mandel, J. L. and Manei, J. F. (1985) Hum. Genet. 69, 327-331 42 Gitschier, J., Drayna, D., Tuddenham, E. G. D., White, R. L. and Lawn, R. M. (1985) Nature (London) 314,738-740 43 Camerino, G., Mallei, M. G., Manei, J. F., Jaye, M. and Mandel, J. L. (1983) Nature (London) 306, 701 44 Choo. K.H., George, D., Filby, G., Halliday, J. L., Leversha, M., Webb, G. and Danks, D. M. (1984) Lancet ii, 349 45 Warren, S. T., Glover, T. W., Davidson, R. L. and Jagadeeswaran, P. (1985) Hum. Genet. 69, 44-46
TINS- February 1980 46 Davies, K. E., Mattei, M. G., Mattei, J. F., Veenema, H., McGlade, S., Harper, K., Tommerup, N., Nielsen, K. B., Mikkelsen, M, Beighton, P., Drayna, D., White, R. and Pembrey, M.E. (1985) ttum. Genet. 70, 249-255 47 Harrison, C. J., Jack, E. M., Allen, T. D. and Hams, R. (1983) J. Med. Genet. 20, 280-285 48 Forster-Gibson, C.J., Mulligan, M.W., Partington, M.W., Simpson, N.E., Holden, J. J. A. and White, B. N. (1985) J. Neurogenet. 2, 231-237
Controversies surrounding the deoxyglucose method SIR:
The recent article by Cunningham and Cremer (TINS March 1985, pp. 96-99), which discussed the scientific controversies surrounding the deoxyglucose method, was a concise and well-written summary of the unresolved issues. It is true that, at present, we have a 'somewhat acrimonious debate which has not shown the scientific community at its best', when 'the points which are at its centre are experimentally resolvable'. The article does not address the issue of how to go about achieving this resolution. Given the history of the controversy to this point, it seems unlikely that the protagonists will spontaneously coalesce to plan and carry out the definitive experiments.
N o m e n c l a t u r e for excitatory a m i n o acid receptors
Marcus Pembrey is at the Mothercare Unit of Paediatric Genetics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guildford Street, London, WCIN IEH, UK.
Robin Winter Ls at the Kennedy Gallon Centre, Harperbury Hospital, Harper Lane, Radlett, Herts, WD7 9HQ, UK.
Kay Davies is at the Naffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.
This is an instance in which, I believe, the huge influence of the funding agencies can and should be used to bring about the planning and conduct of these experiments. In the US, the National Institutes of Health fund tens of millions of dollars' worth of human and animal studies of brain glucose metabolism annually. They, therefore, have a very large stake in establishing the validity and limits of the methods used. They also have the statutory authority to organize problem-oriented conferences and to request research proposals that address specific problems. Certainly, this would be an appropriate time for them to undertake this task. ALEXANDER L. MILLER Department of Psychiatry, The University oJ Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78284, USA.
be used for excitatory amino acid receptors. ROBERT F. BRUNS
SIR:
I read with great interest Graham E. Fagg's review 1 of the three distinct subtypes of excitatory amino acid receptors in the brain. However, I would like to point out that the proposed AI/A2/A3 nomenclature is certain to cause confusion, as A1 and A2 have long been used to refer to adenosine receptor subtypesz'3. I would suggest instead that E]/E2/E3
Department of Phamacology, Warner-Lambert/ Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
References 1 Fagg, G. E. (1985) Trends NeuroSci. 8, 2/)7210 2 van Calker, D., Miiller, M. and Hamprecht, B. (1979) J. Neurochem. 33,999-1005 3 Hamprecht, B. and van Calker, D. (1985) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 6, 153-154
TINS- February 1980 46 Davies, K. E., Mattei, M. G., Mattei, J. F., Veenema, H., McGlade, S., Harper, K., Tommerup, N., Nielsen, K. B., Mikkelsen, M, Beighton, P., Drayna, D., White, R. and Pembrey, M.E. (1985) ttum. Genet. 70, 249-255 47 Harrison, C. J., Jack, E. M., Allen, T. D. and Hams, R. (1983) J. Med. Genet. 20, 280-285 48 Forster-Gibson, C.J., Mulligan, M.W., Partington, M.W., Simpson, N.E., Holden, J. J. A. and White, B. N. (1985) J. Neurogenet. 2, 231-237
Controversies surrounding the deoxyglucose method SIR:
The recent article by Cunningham and Cremer (TINS March 1985, pp. 96-99), which discussed the scientific controversies surrounding the deoxyglucose method, was a concise and well-written summary of the unresolved issues. It is true that, at present, we have a 'somewhat acrimonious debate which has not shown the scientific community at its best', when 'the points which are at its centre are experimentally resolvable'. The article does not address the issue of how to go about achieving this resolution. Given the history of the controversy to this point, it seems unlikely that the protagonists will spontaneously coalesce to plan and carry out the definitive experiments.
N o m e n c l a t u r e for excitatory a m i n o acid receptors
Marcus Pembrey is at the Mothercare Unit of Paediatric Genetics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guildford Street, London, WCIN IEH, UK.
Robin Winter Ls at the Kennedy Gallon Centre, Harperbury Hospital, Harper Lane, Radlett, Herts, WD7 9HQ, UK.
Kay Davies is at the Naffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.
This is an instance in which, I believe, the huge influence of the funding agencies can and should be used to bring about the planning and conduct of these experiments. In the US, the National Institutes of Health fund tens of millions of dollars' worth of human and animal studies of brain glucose metabolism annually. They, therefore, have a very large stake in establishing the validity and limits of the methods used. They also have the statutory authority to organize problem-oriented conferences and to request research proposals that address specific problems. Certainly, this would be an appropriate time for them to undertake this task. ALEXANDER L. MILLER Department of Psychiatry, The University oJ Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78284, USA.
be used for excitatory amino acid receptors. ROBERT F. BRUNS
SIR:
I read with great interest Graham E. Fagg's review 1 of the three distinct subtypes of excitatory amino acid receptors in the brain. However, I would like to point out that the proposed AI/A2/A3 nomenclature is certain to cause confusion, as A1 and A2 have long been used to refer to adenosine receptor subtypesz'3. I would suggest instead that E]/E2/E3
Department of Phamacology, Warner-Lambert/ Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
References 1 Fagg, G. E. (1985) Trends NeuroSci. 8, 2/)7210 2 van Calker, D., Miiller, M. and Hamprecht, B. (1979) J. Neurochem. 33,999-1005 3 Hamprecht, B. and van Calker, D. (1985) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 6, 153-154