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Conversion of dialkyl ethers into olefins
Patent
Manufacture T. Nanba Nok Corp. Jpn. Kokai 1993
of zeolite Tokkyo
Koho
diphosphonic phonic acid),
membranes 95,89,716,
Apr.
4, 1995;
Appl.
Sept.
24,
The manufacturing process for producing zeolite membranes involves heating aqueous mixtures containing colloidal SiO,, alumina, alkali metals, tetrapropylammonium salt crystallizing agents, and water at O.l-5Wmin in an autoclave, and hydrothermal crystallization at 160-200°C to give ZSM-5 zeolite membrane.
Solid-state dealumination process mina in the tetrahedral framework gallium, titanium, or zirconium H.K. Beyer; G. Pal-Borbely W.R. Grace and Co. U.S. 5,411,724, May 2, 1995;
for substituting aluof zeolites by silicon,
June
2, 1993
acid, ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephospyrophosphoric acid, and/or their salts.
Hydrocarbon cracking process lysts with hybrid [ALBI-zeolite H.H. Hsing; R.E. Pratt; C.H.M. Texaco Inc. U.S. 5,395,512, Mar. 7, 1995;
employing additives
Tsang Appl.
zeolite
cata-
et al. May
14, 1993
A hydrocarbon feedstock is cracked at an elevated temperature in a zone with a zeolite catalyst. The cracking catalyst is a mixture of a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite and a hybrid [AI,Blzeolite. In this process the hydrocarbon feedstock is contacted with the zeolite catalyst in, for example, a fluidized bed catalytic cracking unit to yield cracked products containing increased amounts of C&a olefins.
Manufacture Appl.
report
of aromatic
bisialkyl
carbonates)
S. Asaoka; K. Ikeda; K. Ueda et al. Chiyoda Chemical Engineering Construction Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 95.48,320, Feb. 21, 1995;
The solid-state dealumination process involves forming a solid reaction mixture containing >I of the hvdrated ammonium or alkali metal forms of zeolites with tetrahedral frameworks, and 21 crystalline ammonium fluorohalometallate that is thermally stable at the temperature at which substitution proceeds and small enough to penetrate into the pores of the zeolites. Heating the solid reaction mixture at elevated temperature to remove Al from the zeolite framework produces a corresponding zeolite framework having the aluminum substituted by another element, and a fluorohaloaluminate complex, which is removed.
‘--Aromatic bisfalkyl carbonates) are manufactured by reaction of aromatic dihydroxy compounds and R’-OCO,Ar’ IR’ = lower alkyl; Ar’ = nonreactive group-(un)substituted an/l], over zeolite catalysts containing alkali metal ions and/or alkaline earth metal ions, for example, K ion-exchanged zeolite 3A.
CATALYSIS
A. Tissler; R. Thome; K. Becker et al. VAW Aluminum A.-G. US. 5,407,654, Apr. 18, 1995; Appl. July
Process and zeolitic catalysts alkyl aromatic compounds
for preparing
short
chain
J.M. Bennett; C.D. Chang; J.C. Cheng et al. Mobil Oil Corp. US. 5,371,310, Dec. 6, 1994; Appl. June 19, 1991 Cont.-in-part of U.S. 5,236,575 Relatively short chain alkyl aromatic compounds are prepared by alkylating or transalkylating an aromatic compound with a relatively short chain alkylating or transalkylating agent in the presence of a catalyst comprising zeolite MCM-49. A catalyst was prepared from AI,(SO& xH,O and a silica precursor in the presence of NaOH and hexamethyleneimine and was used to alkylate benzene with ethylene.
Catalytic aromatic
cracking of light hydrocarbons hydrocarbons in the presence
T. Takahashi; S. Kanejima Asahi Chemical Industries Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Appls. June 4, 1993
94,346,062;
94,346,063,
to olefins of zeolites
and
Dec. 20, 1994;
C,_,, paraffin-based hydrocarbons are converted to ethyleneand propylene-based lower olefins and benzene-, PhMe-, and xylene-based monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using aluminosilicate-zeolites with average primary crystal size 0.01-I pm and SiO,/AI,O, ratio 50-300, for example, zeolite ZSM-5 containing Mg.
Manufacture
of hydrogen
H. Nagashima; T. Tomita; Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Appls. Sept. 1, 1993
peroxide
M. lshiuchi Co. 95,69,604;
et al. 95,69,605,
Mar.
14,
1995;
H,O, is manufactured by hydrogenating 0 in a solvent using Pt-group metal catalysts also containing Zr, Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, and/or Co on a support that may be a crystalline zeolite. Preferably, the Pt group metal is Pd, and the solvent is a halogen-free acid. The solvent may contain a stabilizer for H,O,, selected from aminotri(methylenephosphonic acid), l-hydroxyethylidene-l,l-
Appl.
June
4,
IW?
Synthetic conversion
crystalline aluminosilicates for the catalytic of hydrocarbons in petrochemical processes 6, 1990
The invention relates to synthetic crystalline aluminosilicates of the pentasil type and a method for using them as catalysts or catalyst components in petrochemical processes for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons and their derivatives into useful organic compounds and intermediates.
Preparation
of diisopropyl
ether
J.F. Knifton; P.S.E. Dai Texaco Development Corp. Eur. Pat. Appl. 652,200, May
from
10, 1995;
US.
acetone Appl.
Nov.
8, 1993
Diisopropyl ether was prepared from a crude byproduct acetone stream by hydrogenating the crude stream over a bulk metal, Ni-rich catalyst to give an isopropanol-rich intermediate and dehydrating the intermediate in the presence of a strong acid zeolite catalyst. Preferably, the zeolite catalyst used in the second step is a p-zeolite, optionally modified with one or more metals from groups IB, VB, VIB, VIIB. and VIII of the Periodic Table or a dealuminized Y-zeolite.
Preparation of dialkyl zeolite catalysts
carbonates
with
ion-exchanged
T. Kondo; Y. Okada; F. Tanaka et al. Chiyoda Chemical Engineering Construction Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 95,48,319, Feb. 21, 1995; Appl. 1992
Nov.
20,
Dialkyl carbonates are prepared by treatment of alcohols with cyclic carbonates at 20-200°C in the liquid phase in the presence of zeolites exchanged with alkali metal ions and/or alkaline earth metal ions, for example, zeolite 3A (i.e., K-exchanged A-type zeolite).
Conversion
of dialkyl
ethers
into olefins
G.I. Cox; D.D. Pete; D.D. Rosenfeld Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. PCT Int. Appl. 95,11,209, Apr. 27, 1995;
U.S. Appl.
Oct.
19, 1993
Dialkyl ethers (e.g., tertiary amyl butyl ether) are converted to the corresponding olefin (e.g., isobutylene) by contacting the ether with a faujasite aluminosilicate catalyst in which 250% of the alkali metal content originally present in the faujasite is ex-
Zeolites
16:316-320,
1996
317
Patent
report
changed by 21 alkaline earth metal (e.g., CaY zeolite) and the catalyst is pretreated with steam which enhances its selectivity and reduces byproduct yields.
Gasoline
upgrading
B. Chawla; D.N. Mazzone; M.S. Sarli et al. Mobil Oil Corp. U.S. 5,411,658, May 2, 1995; Appl. Aug. 15, 1991 Low sulfur gasoline of relatively high octane number is produced from cracked, sulfur-containing olefinic naphthas by hydrodesulfurization followed by treatment over an acidic catalyst comprising zeolite j3 with a metal hydrogenation component, preferably a mild hydrogenation component such as molybdenum. The treatment over the acidic catalyst in the second step restores the octane loss, which takes place as a result of the hydrogenative treatment and results in a low sulfur gasoline product with an octane number comparable to that of the feed naphtha.
Preparation
of glycerol
SEPARATION
PROCESSES
for the separation
for the separation
of diethylnaphthalene
iso-
K. Sato; T. Masuda; F. Matsuda et al. Organ0 K.K.; Shinnittetsu Kagaku Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 95,61,943, Mar. 7, 1995; Appl. Aug. 25, 1993 A method for the separation of diethylnaphthalene isomers involves the use of a chromatographic process. For example, a mixture containing 2,6-diethylnaphthalene (I) 36 wt%, 1,3diethylnaphthalene (II) 13 wt%, 2,7-diethylnaphthalene (III) 35 wt%, and others 16 wt% was subjected to a separation process using a chromatographic apparatus comprising 12 columns using K-modified Y zeolite and pxylene solvent. The raffinate contained I 67.4 wt%, II 22.2 wt%, Ill 0.8 wt%, and others 9.6 wt%.
Hydrocarbon
adsorbents
for exhaust
gases
H. Yamada; T. Ueoka; A. Takami et al. Mazda Motor Corp. Ger. Offen. 4,435,073, Apr. 6, 1995; Jpn. Appl. Sept. 30, 1993 Powdered silicates of differing pore diameters with lomembered rings and 12.membered rings, supported on zeolites also containing CeO, and Pd (Pt, Rh), are used as hydrocarbon adsorbents in exhaust gas catalysts for NO, removal.
Purification adsorbents
of formaldehyde-containing
gases by zeolite
M. Harada; S. Morishita; Y. Noda et al. Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd.; Tosoh Corp.; Tosoo Zeooru K.K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 95,80,248, Mar. 28, 1995; Appl. Sept. 16, 1993 The method comprises contacting HCHO-containing gases with honeycomb adsorbents containing 250 kg/m3 ZSM-5 zeolites
318
Zeolites
16:316-320,
Amino acids and their salts as carbonate zeolite-containing detergents B. Kottwitz; H. Dolhaine; H. Upadek He&e/ K.-G.a.A. Ger. Offen. 4,319,578, Dec. 15, 1994;
Appl.
substitutes
June
in
14, 1993
An amino acid or its salt (e.g., Na glycinate) is used with a zeolite builder in carbonateand phosphate-free laundry detergents, giving reduced incrustations on fabrics and washing appliances compared with detergents containing an alkali metal carbonate instead of the amino acid or salt.
Granular laundry lected builders
detergent
E.J. Pancheri Procter and Gamble U.S. 5,378,388, Jan.
compositions
Co. 3, 1995;
Appl.
June
containing
se-
25, 1993
The title compositions show optimum cleaning performance when thev contain a builder mixture comprising a crystallline aluminosiiicate 3.5-4.5, a crystalline layered Na silicate (e.g., SKS 6) 1, and citric acid (or salt) 1 part.
of mxylene
T. Shioda; H. Yasuda; N. Saito et al. Mitsubishi Kagaku K.K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 95,76,531, Mar. 20, 1995; Appl. Sept. 7, 1993 m-Xylene is separated from a mixture of C, aromatic hydrocarbons by a chromatographic process using a crystalline zeolite adsorbent followed by distillation. For example, a raffinate obtained from a pxylene plant was treated chromatographically using KY zeolite as adsorbent and pseudocumene as solvent to give a m-xylene-rich fraction that was then distilled.
Method mers
DETERGENTS
ethers
C. Dewattines; H. Hinnekens Fina Research S.A. Eur. Pat. Appl. 649,829, Apr. 26, 1995; Belgian Appl. Oct. 15, 1993 A process for the preparation of glycerol ethers comprises condensation of glycerol with a branched olefin (e.g., isobutylene) in the presence of an acidic zeolite with large pores, an interconnected network of channels, and a Si/AI ratio >5.
Method
with SiO,/AI,O, molecular ratio 2100 for 0.2-0.5 s. The method, especially suitable for the treatment of organic solventcontaining gases (e.g., painting waste gases), removes low Iconcentration HCHO efficiently with safety.
1996
Detergent laundering
compositions
E. Smulders; G. Vogt; Henkel K.-G.a.A. Ger. Offen. 4,320,851,
inhibiting
dye transfer
G. Nienhaus Jan.
The title compositions builders selected from layered silicates.
5, 1995; Appl.
contain crystalline
Builder compositions ing incrustations
nonionic zeolites
in laundry
The title compositions comprise a layered a phosphate, and, optionally, a zeolite.
G. Meine; H. Casper; Henkel K.-G.a.A. Ger. Offen. 4,325,880,
with
zeolite
builder
J. Poethkow
et al.
Feb.
9, 1995;
June
23, 1993
surfactant, (e.g., zeolite
detergents
J. Poethkow; B. Kottwitz; B. Stevermann Henkel K.-G.a.A. Ger. Offen. 4,324,807, Jan. 26, 1995; Appl.
Use of cellulase
during
Appl.
soap.. NaA)
and and
for prevent-
July
23, 1993
silicate
(e.g.,
SKS 61,
in detergents
Aug.
2, 1993
A cellulase is used in laundry detergents containing crystalline zeolite builders to reduce incrustations during repeated washing of fabrics.
MISCELLANEOUS Zeolite-containing blended plastics S. Bourgigot; P. Breant; Elf Atochem S.A. Eur. Pat. Appl. 629,678, 1993
APPLICATIONS flame
retardant
R. Delobel Dec.
compositions
for
et al.
21, 1994;
French
Appl.
June
18,
Blended plastics contain 21 dehydrating agent and 21 zeolite. The blended plastics are selected from polyamides and polyolefins. The zeolites are selected from zeolites A, X, Y, L, ZSM. and ZM, and the preferred dehydrating agent is ammonium polyphosphate.
Manufacture T. Nanba Nok Corp. Jpn. Kokai 1993
of zeolite Tokkyo
Koho
diphosphonic phonic acid),
membranes 95,89,716,
Apr.
4, 1995;
Appl.
Sept.
24,
The manufacturing process for producing zeolite membranes involves heating aqueous mixtures containing colloidal SiO,, alumina, alkali metals, tetrapropylammonium salt crystallizing agents, and water at O.l-5Wmin in an autoclave, and hydrothermal crystallization at 160-200°C to give ZSM-5 zeolite membrane.
Solid-state dealumination process mina in the tetrahedral framework gallium, titanium, or zirconium H.K. Beyer; G. Pal-Borbely W.R. Grace and Co. U.S. 5,411,724, May 2, 1995;
for substituting aluof zeolites by silicon,
June
2, 1993
acid, ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephospyrophosphoric acid, and/or their salts.
Hydrocarbon cracking process lysts with hybrid [ALBI-zeolite H.H. Hsing; R.E. Pratt; C.H.M. Texaco Inc. U.S. 5,395,512, Mar. 7, 1995;
employing additives
Tsang Appl.
zeolite
cata-
et al. May
14, 1993
A hydrocarbon feedstock is cracked at an elevated temperature in a zone with a zeolite catalyst. The cracking catalyst is a mixture of a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite and a hybrid [AI,Blzeolite. In this process the hydrocarbon feedstock is contacted with the zeolite catalyst in, for example, a fluidized bed catalytic cracking unit to yield cracked products containing increased amounts of C&a olefins.
Manufacture Appl.
report
of aromatic
bisialkyl
carbonates)
S. Asaoka; K. Ikeda; K. Ueda et al. Chiyoda Chemical Engineering Construction Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 95.48,320, Feb. 21, 1995;
The solid-state dealumination process involves forming a solid reaction mixture containing >I of the hvdrated ammonium or alkali metal forms of zeolites with tetrahedral frameworks, and 21 crystalline ammonium fluorohalometallate that is thermally stable at the temperature at which substitution proceeds and small enough to penetrate into the pores of the zeolites. Heating the solid reaction mixture at elevated temperature to remove Al from the zeolite framework produces a corresponding zeolite framework having the aluminum substituted by another element, and a fluorohaloaluminate complex, which is removed.
‘--Aromatic bisfalkyl carbonates) are manufactured by reaction of aromatic dihydroxy compounds and R’-OCO,Ar’ IR’ = lower alkyl; Ar’ = nonreactive group-(un)substituted an/l], over zeolite catalysts containing alkali metal ions and/or alkaline earth metal ions, for example, K ion-exchanged zeolite 3A.
CATALYSIS
A. Tissler; R. Thome; K. Becker et al. VAW Aluminum A.-G. US. 5,407,654, Apr. 18, 1995; Appl. July
Process and zeolitic catalysts alkyl aromatic compounds
for preparing
short
chain
J.M. Bennett; C.D. Chang; J.C. Cheng et al. Mobil Oil Corp. US. 5,371,310, Dec. 6, 1994; Appl. June 19, 1991 Cont.-in-part of U.S. 5,236,575 Relatively short chain alkyl aromatic compounds are prepared by alkylating or transalkylating an aromatic compound with a relatively short chain alkylating or transalkylating agent in the presence of a catalyst comprising zeolite MCM-49. A catalyst was prepared from AI,(SO& xH,O and a silica precursor in the presence of NaOH and hexamethyleneimine and was used to alkylate benzene with ethylene.
Catalytic aromatic
cracking of light hydrocarbons hydrocarbons in the presence
T. Takahashi; S. Kanejima Asahi Chemical Industries Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Appls. June 4, 1993
94,346,062;
94,346,063,
to olefins of zeolites
and
Dec. 20, 1994;
C,_,, paraffin-based hydrocarbons are converted to ethyleneand propylene-based lower olefins and benzene-, PhMe-, and xylene-based monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using aluminosilicate-zeolites with average primary crystal size 0.01-I pm and SiO,/AI,O, ratio 50-300, for example, zeolite ZSM-5 containing Mg.
Manufacture
of hydrogen
H. Nagashima; T. Tomita; Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Appls. Sept. 1, 1993
peroxide
M. lshiuchi Co. 95,69,604;
et al. 95,69,605,
Mar.
14,
1995;
H,O, is manufactured by hydrogenating 0 in a solvent using Pt-group metal catalysts also containing Zr, Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, and/or Co on a support that may be a crystalline zeolite. Preferably, the Pt group metal is Pd, and the solvent is a halogen-free acid. The solvent may contain a stabilizer for H,O,, selected from aminotri(methylenephosphonic acid), l-hydroxyethylidene-l,l-
Appl.
June
4,
IW?
Synthetic conversion
crystalline aluminosilicates for the catalytic of hydrocarbons in petrochemical processes 6, 1990
The invention relates to synthetic crystalline aluminosilicates of the pentasil type and a method for using them as catalysts or catalyst components in petrochemical processes for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons and their derivatives into useful organic compounds and intermediates.
Preparation
of diisopropyl
ether
J.F. Knifton; P.S.E. Dai Texaco Development Corp. Eur. Pat. Appl. 652,200, May
from
10, 1995;
US.
acetone Appl.
Nov.
8, 1993
Diisopropyl ether was prepared from a crude byproduct acetone stream by hydrogenating the crude stream over a bulk metal, Ni-rich catalyst to give an isopropanol-rich intermediate and dehydrating the intermediate in the presence of a strong acid zeolite catalyst. Preferably, the zeolite catalyst used in the second step is a p-zeolite, optionally modified with one or more metals from groups IB, VB, VIB, VIIB. and VIII of the Periodic Table or a dealuminized Y-zeolite.
Preparation of dialkyl zeolite catalysts
carbonates
with
ion-exchanged
T. Kondo; Y. Okada; F. Tanaka et al. Chiyoda Chemical Engineering Construction Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 95,48,319, Feb. 21, 1995; Appl. 1992
Nov.
20,
Dialkyl carbonates are prepared by treatment of alcohols with cyclic carbonates at 20-200°C in the liquid phase in the presence of zeolites exchanged with alkali metal ions and/or alkaline earth metal ions, for example, zeolite 3A (i.e., K-exchanged A-type zeolite).
Conversion
of dialkyl
ethers
into olefins
G.I. Cox; D.D. Pete; D.D. Rosenfeld Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. PCT Int. Appl. 95,11,209, Apr. 27, 1995;
U.S. Appl.
Oct.
19, 1993
Dialkyl ethers (e.g., tertiary amyl butyl ether) are converted to the corresponding olefin (e.g., isobutylene) by contacting the ether with a faujasite aluminosilicate catalyst in which 250% of the alkali metal content originally present in the faujasite is ex-
Zeolites
16:316-320,
1996
317
Patent
report
changed by 21 alkaline earth metal (e.g., CaY zeolite) and the catalyst is pretreated with steam which enhances its selectivity and reduces byproduct yields.
Gasoline
upgrading
B. Chawla; D.N. Mazzone; M.S. Sarli et al. Mobil Oil Corp. U.S. 5,411,658, May 2, 1995; Appl. Aug. 15, 1991 Low sulfur gasoline of relatively high octane number is produced from cracked, sulfur-containing olefinic naphthas by hydrodesulfurization followed by treatment over an acidic catalyst comprising zeolite j3 with a metal hydrogenation component, preferably a mild hydrogenation component such as molybdenum. The treatment over the acidic catalyst in the second step restores the octane loss, which takes place as a result of the hydrogenative treatment and results in a low sulfur gasoline product with an octane number comparable to that of the feed naphtha.
Preparation
of glycerol
SEPARATION
PROCESSES
for the separation
for the separation
of diethylnaphthalene
iso-
K. Sato; T. Masuda; F. Matsuda et al. Organ0 K.K.; Shinnittetsu Kagaku Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 95,61,943, Mar. 7, 1995; Appl. Aug. 25, 1993 A method for the separation of diethylnaphthalene isomers involves the use of a chromatographic process. For example, a mixture containing 2,6-diethylnaphthalene (I) 36 wt%, 1,3diethylnaphthalene (II) 13 wt%, 2,7-diethylnaphthalene (III) 35 wt%, and others 16 wt% was subjected to a separation process using a chromatographic apparatus comprising 12 columns using K-modified Y zeolite and pxylene solvent. The raffinate contained I 67.4 wt%, II 22.2 wt%, Ill 0.8 wt%, and others 9.6 wt%.
Hydrocarbon
adsorbents
for exhaust
gases
H. Yamada; T. Ueoka; A. Takami et al. Mazda Motor Corp. Ger. Offen. 4,435,073, Apr. 6, 1995; Jpn. Appl. Sept. 30, 1993 Powdered silicates of differing pore diameters with lomembered rings and 12.membered rings, supported on zeolites also containing CeO, and Pd (Pt, Rh), are used as hydrocarbon adsorbents in exhaust gas catalysts for NO, removal.
Purification adsorbents
of formaldehyde-containing
gases by zeolite
M. Harada; S. Morishita; Y. Noda et al. Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd.; Tosoh Corp.; Tosoo Zeooru K.K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 95,80,248, Mar. 28, 1995; Appl. Sept. 16, 1993 The method comprises contacting HCHO-containing gases with honeycomb adsorbents containing 250 kg/m3 ZSM-5 zeolites
318
Zeolites
16:316-320,
Amino acids and their salts as carbonate zeolite-containing detergents B. Kottwitz; H. Dolhaine; H. Upadek He&e/ K.-G.a.A. Ger. Offen. 4,319,578, Dec. 15, 1994;
Appl.
substitutes
June
in
14, 1993
An amino acid or its salt (e.g., Na glycinate) is used with a zeolite builder in carbonateand phosphate-free laundry detergents, giving reduced incrustations on fabrics and washing appliances compared with detergents containing an alkali metal carbonate instead of the amino acid or salt.
Granular laundry lected builders
detergent
E.J. Pancheri Procter and Gamble U.S. 5,378,388, Jan.
compositions
Co. 3, 1995;
Appl.
June
containing
se-
25, 1993
The title compositions show optimum cleaning performance when thev contain a builder mixture comprising a crystallline aluminosiiicate 3.5-4.5, a crystalline layered Na silicate (e.g., SKS 6) 1, and citric acid (or salt) 1 part.
of mxylene
T. Shioda; H. Yasuda; N. Saito et al. Mitsubishi Kagaku K.K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 95,76,531, Mar. 20, 1995; Appl. Sept. 7, 1993 m-Xylene is separated from a mixture of C, aromatic hydrocarbons by a chromatographic process using a crystalline zeolite adsorbent followed by distillation. For example, a raffinate obtained from a pxylene plant was treated chromatographically using KY zeolite as adsorbent and pseudocumene as solvent to give a m-xylene-rich fraction that was then distilled.
Method mers
DETERGENTS
ethers
C. Dewattines; H. Hinnekens Fina Research S.A. Eur. Pat. Appl. 649,829, Apr. 26, 1995; Belgian Appl. Oct. 15, 1993 A process for the preparation of glycerol ethers comprises condensation of glycerol with a branched olefin (e.g., isobutylene) in the presence of an acidic zeolite with large pores, an interconnected network of channels, and a Si/AI ratio >5.
Method
with SiO,/AI,O, molecular ratio 2100 for 0.2-0.5 s. The method, especially suitable for the treatment of organic solventcontaining gases (e.g., painting waste gases), removes low Iconcentration HCHO efficiently with safety.
1996
Detergent laundering
compositions
E. Smulders; G. Vogt; Henkel K.-G.a.A. Ger. Offen. 4,320,851,
inhibiting
dye transfer
G. Nienhaus Jan.
The title compositions builders selected from layered silicates.
5, 1995; Appl.
contain crystalline
Builder compositions ing incrustations
nonionic zeolites
in laundry
The title compositions comprise a layered a phosphate, and, optionally, a zeolite.
G. Meine; H. Casper; Henkel K.-G.a.A. Ger. Offen. 4,325,880,
with
zeolite
builder
J. Poethkow
et al.
Feb.
9, 1995;
June
23, 1993
surfactant, (e.g., zeolite
detergents
J. Poethkow; B. Kottwitz; B. Stevermann Henkel K.-G.a.A. Ger. Offen. 4,324,807, Jan. 26, 1995; Appl.
Use of cellulase
during
Appl.
soap.. NaA)
and and
for prevent-
July
23, 1993
silicate
(e.g.,
SKS 61,
in detergents
Aug.
2, 1993
A cellulase is used in laundry detergents containing crystalline zeolite builders to reduce incrustations during repeated washing of fabrics.
MISCELLANEOUS Zeolite-containing blended plastics S. Bourgigot; P. Breant; Elf Atochem S.A. Eur. Pat. Appl. 629,678, 1993
APPLICATIONS flame
retardant
R. Delobel Dec.
compositions
for
et al.
21, 1994;
French
Appl.
June
18,
Blended plastics contain 21 dehydrating agent and 21 zeolite. The blended plastics are selected from polyamides and polyolefins. The zeolites are selected from zeolites A, X, Y, L, ZSM. and ZM, and the preferred dehydrating agent is ammonium polyphosphate.