CONVERSIONS

APPENDIX 2 • CONVERSIONS UNITS OF AREA

1 1 1 1

square centimetre (cm^) square metre (m^) square kilometre (km^) hectare (ha)

= 1 0 0 mm^ =0.155 square inch = 10"^ cm^ =10.8 square feet = 10^ m^ = 247.1 acres = 10000 m^

UNITS OF CONCENTRATION

molar concentration (M) /xg litre" ^ parts per million (ppm) parts per billion (ppb) parts per trillion (ppt)

= gramme molecular weight per litre

= mg m " = mg litre" ^ = /Jig litre" ^ = 10"^/xg litre" ^ = 1 nanogramme litre" ^ /xg litre" ^ ^ molecular weight = /xM = /xmol litre" ^

UNITS OF LENGTH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

angstrom (A) nanometre (nm) micron (/x) millimetre (mm) centimetre (cm) decimetre (dm) metre (m) kilometre (km) kilometre (km) inch (in) foot (ft) yard (yd) fathom statute mile nautical mile

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

0.0001 micron 10"^ metres 0.001 millimetre (or 10"^ mm) = 10" m 1000 microns = 0.001 metre 10 millimetres = 0.394 inch 0.1 metre 100 centimetres = 3.28 feet 1000 metres = 3280 feet 0.62 statute mile = 0.54 nautical mile 2.54 centimetres 0.3048 metre 3 feet = 0.91 metre 6 feet = 1 . 8 3 metres 1.6 kilometres = 0.87 nautical mile 1.85 kilometres = 1 . 1 5 statute miles

= = = =

0.001 gramme 1000 grammes = 2.2 pounds 1 metric ton = 1 0 ^ grammes 453.6 grammes

= = = =

60 seconds (s) 3600 s 86400 s 365 d

UNITS OF MASS 1 1 1 1

milligram (mg) kilogram (kg) tonne (t) pound (lb)

UNITS OF TIME 1 1 1 1

minute (min) hour (h) day (d) year (yr)

268 UNITS OF VELOCITY

1 kilometre per hour = 27.8 centimetres per second 1 knot (kn) = 1 nautical mile per hour = 51.5 centimetres per second UNITS OF VOLUME

1 millilitre (ml) = 0.001 litre = 1 cm^ (or 1 cc) 1 litre (1) = 1000 cm^ = 10"^ m 1 cubic metre (m^) = 1000 litres UNITS USED TO MEASURE SOLAR RADIATION ENERGY

1 einstein (E) = 6.02 x 10^^ photons = 1 mole of photons 1 watt m~^ ^ 4.16 ± 0.42 /x einsteins m"^ s"^ (The above relationship applies only to PAR) 1 joule m~^ s"^ = 1 watt m~^ 1 calorie cm~^ min"^ ^ 700 watts m~^ 1 langley = 1 calorie cm"^ UNITS USED IN PRODUCTION STUDIES

1 1 1 1

calorie (cal) = 4.184 joules (J) kilocalorie (kcal) = 1000 cal gramme carbon (g C) ^ 10 kcal g C ^ 2 g ash-free dry weight (where ash-free dry weight is dry weight less the weight of inorganic components such as shells) 1 g ash-free dry weight ^ 21 kJ 1 g organic C ^ 42 kJ 1 g ash-free dry weight ^ 5 g wet weight 1 litre O2 = 4.825 kcal 1 g carbohydrate ^ 4 . 1 kcal 1 g protein ^ 5.65 kcal 1 g fat ^ 9.45 kcal