- Email: [email protected]
Coordinate inspection
better with smaller diameter bores as the replica becomes more rigid and less susceptible to deformation during peel off.
References 1. Trumpold H. Untersuchungder Herstellungsverfahrenvon Oberfl~chenabdrucken und Oberfliichennormalen.Dissertation, Technische Hochschule, Dresden, 1957
Acknowledgments The authors thank Prof Dr-lng. H. Schier, Director, Institut f[Jr Feinwerkund Regelungstechnik, Technical University, Braunschweig, and Dr-lng. W. Hillmann, Physikalische Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, F RG, for permitting them to carry out this work in their laboratories.
2. Trumpold H. Uber die Brauchbarkeit verschiedener Abdruckverfahren fLir die Oberfl~ichenmel~technik. Feinger~tetechnik, 1958, 7(4), 165-171
Schneider V. and Reimann W. Ein neues Abdruckverfahren fLir die Oberfl~chenpriifung. Werkstattstechnik und Maschinenbau, 1956, 46(3), 129-131
The basic construction is of synthetic fibre, abrasive mineral and adhesive Component size and type generally giving a resilience and conformability dictates process selection for deburring which allows the abrasive to penetrate and for generating the controlled radii holes and conform to the edges, producessential for subsequent surfacing ing a uniform radius. As brush material operations. For example, small comwears away fresh abrasive is exposed to ponents are usually tumble milled while the cutting surface without residual larger plate and sheet components are buildup, allowing consistent cutting frequently treated by hand or on performance throughout a long working abrasive continuous belt sanders or life. similar equipment. In a typical 'wet' twin brushing For over 30 years Wesero installation, components introduced Maschinenbau GmbH have manuat the inlet table feed into an alkaline factured a range of surface treatment spray to eliminate grease from prior machinery using rotating, oscillating, machinery operations and then into the brushes applied against the plate or brushing machine with four oscillating strip backed by a pressure ('billy') brush assemblies of which two have a roller. A recent development by the rotational direction in the opposite 3M Company has enabled Wesero sense to that of the material flow. machinery to be adapted successfully After leaving the brushing unit the to de-burring. components are clean-water sprayThe development at 3M was rinsed, hot-air dried and discharged aimed initially at airframe component on to an exit conveyor. Systems can be production where high-cost plate comsupplied with manual adjustment to ponents, mostly of aluminium alloy compensate for brush wear, with clad with pure aluminium but also corresponding brush pressure indication, titanium and stainless steel, were or a closed-loop servo system for semibeing treated by expensive methods automatic control of this function. giving inconsistent and frequently Brush selection and application is unsatisfactory results. of critical importance to the de-burring A Wesero de-burring machine con- operation. The brushes employed are sists essentially of one or more sets of of 150mm diameter and have a peribrush and pressure rollers applied pheral speed, maintained constant by simultaneously above and beneath the the variable speed drive, of 20 m/s, work piece which is conveyed horizontally nearly twice that of brushes used for through the machine frame. A typical more conventional surface treatment assembly allows components of 1 metre applications. This demands particular wide to be processed, although machines attention to mainframe and rotating for larger work-pieces have been manushaft assembly design, and a sturdy factured. A minimum linear dimension overall construction is required. of 200mm can be accommodated and the plate thickness varies from 0.6mm to Experience in E u r o p e about 3.2mm. Throughput speed is All three West German aircraft groups, infinitely variable up to 4m/min and Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm at Hamdigital pre-selection of plate gauge burg, Dornier at Munich and Fokker, ensures the correct brush setting. The Bremen, already use Wesero de-burring machinery may be used 'dry', requiring machines, in either 'wet' or 'dry' configursupplementary dust extraction plant, or ation in plate component production. 'wet', demanding water filtration and Most of the components produced are recirculation equipment. aluminium alloy, with an aluminium The flat sheet de-burring wheels coating which the deburring process and brushes are low-density, nonshould leave unimpaired. Surface woven abrasive webs incorporating the 3M cutting and polishing web technology. material removal in the Wesero process
Deburring developments
194
4. Narayanasamy K. and RadhakrishnanV. Relative Performance of Replica Materials in Surface Reproduction. 7th A l l India MTDR Conference, 1976, 2 4 5 - 2 4 8
5. Narayanasamy K., Radhakrishnan V. and Narayanamurthi R.G. Analysis of Surface Reproduction Characteristicsof Different Replica Materials. Wear, 1979, 57, 6 3 - 6 9 6. Peklenik J. Contribution to the Theory of Surface Characterisation.CIRP Ann, 1963/54, 12(3), 173-178
7. Myers N.O. Characterisationof Surface Roughness.Wear, 1962, 5, 182
is not greater than 1 to 2/~m while the coating applied to the thinnest gauge is usually about 25/~m per side. An added feature is the excellent, uniform, surface finish to the components as a whole. Future development This novel technique has been found to be equally applicable to removing the sharp corners from mild steel and high carbon steel sheet and strip. Developments in brush material, in Europe as in USA, indicate that similar designs could soon be used for processing components for a multiplicity of market sectors. Wesero GmbH and Co KG, 4322 SprockhSvel, FRG or Brian Davis and Associates Ltd, 125 Wells Road, Malvern, Worcestershire WR 14 4PD, UK
Coordinate inspection Replacement of recirculating ball bushes with precision ball races in a three point contact arrangement is claimed to have increased smoothness of operation and overall accuracy of the coordinate measuring instruments produced by Graticules Ltd. A similar bearing system has been used for the focus mechanism of the viewing tube. The frames, which can be used for scanning and observing workpieces or for precise measurement using digital readout, are now fitted with continuous drive. Fine and coarse movement is achieved by means of a single hand wheel for each axis. Two frame sizes are available with a viewing area of 250 x 250 mm and 250 x 400 mm and both can be fitted with a digital readout giving inch and metric measurements. A range of viewing systems including microscope optics, projectors and closed circuit television are available and special frames can be supplied for use in the vertical mode. Graticules Limited, Morley Road, Tonbridge, Kent TN9 1RN, UK
PRECISION ENGINEERING
References 1. Trumpold H. Untersuchungder Herstellungsverfahrenvon Oberfl~chenabdrucken und Oberfliichennormalen.Dissertation, Technische Hochschule, Dresden, 1957
Acknowledgments The authors thank Prof Dr-lng. H. Schier, Director, Institut f[Jr Feinwerkund Regelungstechnik, Technical University, Braunschweig, and Dr-lng. W. Hillmann, Physikalische Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, F RG, for permitting them to carry out this work in their laboratories.
2. Trumpold H. Uber die Brauchbarkeit verschiedener Abdruckverfahren fLir die Oberfl~ichenmel~technik. Feinger~tetechnik, 1958, 7(4), 165-171
Schneider V. and Reimann W. Ein neues Abdruckverfahren fLir die Oberfl~chenpriifung. Werkstattstechnik und Maschinenbau, 1956, 46(3), 129-131
The basic construction is of synthetic fibre, abrasive mineral and adhesive Component size and type generally giving a resilience and conformability dictates process selection for deburring which allows the abrasive to penetrate and for generating the controlled radii holes and conform to the edges, producessential for subsequent surfacing ing a uniform radius. As brush material operations. For example, small comwears away fresh abrasive is exposed to ponents are usually tumble milled while the cutting surface without residual larger plate and sheet components are buildup, allowing consistent cutting frequently treated by hand or on performance throughout a long working abrasive continuous belt sanders or life. similar equipment. In a typical 'wet' twin brushing For over 30 years Wesero installation, components introduced Maschinenbau GmbH have manuat the inlet table feed into an alkaline factured a range of surface treatment spray to eliminate grease from prior machinery using rotating, oscillating, machinery operations and then into the brushes applied against the plate or brushing machine with four oscillating strip backed by a pressure ('billy') brush assemblies of which two have a roller. A recent development by the rotational direction in the opposite 3M Company has enabled Wesero sense to that of the material flow. machinery to be adapted successfully After leaving the brushing unit the to de-burring. components are clean-water sprayThe development at 3M was rinsed, hot-air dried and discharged aimed initially at airframe component on to an exit conveyor. Systems can be production where high-cost plate comsupplied with manual adjustment to ponents, mostly of aluminium alloy compensate for brush wear, with clad with pure aluminium but also corresponding brush pressure indication, titanium and stainless steel, were or a closed-loop servo system for semibeing treated by expensive methods automatic control of this function. giving inconsistent and frequently Brush selection and application is unsatisfactory results. of critical importance to the de-burring A Wesero de-burring machine con- operation. The brushes employed are sists essentially of one or more sets of of 150mm diameter and have a peribrush and pressure rollers applied pheral speed, maintained constant by simultaneously above and beneath the the variable speed drive, of 20 m/s, work piece which is conveyed horizontally nearly twice that of brushes used for through the machine frame. A typical more conventional surface treatment assembly allows components of 1 metre applications. This demands particular wide to be processed, although machines attention to mainframe and rotating for larger work-pieces have been manushaft assembly design, and a sturdy factured. A minimum linear dimension overall construction is required. of 200mm can be accommodated and the plate thickness varies from 0.6mm to Experience in E u r o p e about 3.2mm. Throughput speed is All three West German aircraft groups, infinitely variable up to 4m/min and Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm at Hamdigital pre-selection of plate gauge burg, Dornier at Munich and Fokker, ensures the correct brush setting. The Bremen, already use Wesero de-burring machinery may be used 'dry', requiring machines, in either 'wet' or 'dry' configursupplementary dust extraction plant, or ation in plate component production. 'wet', demanding water filtration and Most of the components produced are recirculation equipment. aluminium alloy, with an aluminium The flat sheet de-burring wheels coating which the deburring process and brushes are low-density, nonshould leave unimpaired. Surface woven abrasive webs incorporating the 3M cutting and polishing web technology. material removal in the Wesero process
Deburring developments
194
4. Narayanasamy K. and RadhakrishnanV. Relative Performance of Replica Materials in Surface Reproduction. 7th A l l India MTDR Conference, 1976, 2 4 5 - 2 4 8
5. Narayanasamy K., Radhakrishnan V. and Narayanamurthi R.G. Analysis of Surface Reproduction Characteristicsof Different Replica Materials. Wear, 1979, 57, 6 3 - 6 9 6. Peklenik J. Contribution to the Theory of Surface Characterisation.CIRP Ann, 1963/54, 12(3), 173-178
7. Myers N.O. Characterisationof Surface Roughness.Wear, 1962, 5, 182
is not greater than 1 to 2/~m while the coating applied to the thinnest gauge is usually about 25/~m per side. An added feature is the excellent, uniform, surface finish to the components as a whole. Future development This novel technique has been found to be equally applicable to removing the sharp corners from mild steel and high carbon steel sheet and strip. Developments in brush material, in Europe as in USA, indicate that similar designs could soon be used for processing components for a multiplicity of market sectors. Wesero GmbH and Co KG, 4322 SprockhSvel, FRG or Brian Davis and Associates Ltd, 125 Wells Road, Malvern, Worcestershire WR 14 4PD, UK
Coordinate inspection Replacement of recirculating ball bushes with precision ball races in a three point contact arrangement is claimed to have increased smoothness of operation and overall accuracy of the coordinate measuring instruments produced by Graticules Ltd. A similar bearing system has been used for the focus mechanism of the viewing tube. The frames, which can be used for scanning and observing workpieces or for precise measurement using digital readout, are now fitted with continuous drive. Fine and coarse movement is achieved by means of a single hand wheel for each axis. Two frame sizes are available with a viewing area of 250 x 250 mm and 250 x 400 mm and both can be fitted with a digital readout giving inch and metric measurements. A range of viewing systems including microscope optics, projectors and closed circuit television are available and special frames can be supplied for use in the vertical mode. Graticules Limited, Morley Road, Tonbridge, Kent TN9 1RN, UK
PRECISION ENGINEERING