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Coping with prejudice: Attitudes of handicapped persons toward the handicapped
95 tical and possible. Unattractive as this suggestion may sound to the parochial mind, its acceptance would lead to a more refined definition of rehabilitation medicine. 13) Coping with prejudice: Attitudes of handicapped persons toward the handicapped DIXON, J. K . Yale Univ. Sch. Nursing, New Haven, Conn., U.S.A. J. Chronic Dis. 30(5), 307-322, 1977 In an exploration of the amount of prejudice that handicapped people feel towards other handicapped people, compared to that felt by non-handicapped people, it was found that a distinction should be made between relatively visible handicaps and relatively invisible handicaps. People with amputation, spinal injury, and stroke (high visible) had positive attitudes, but arthritics and emotionally disturbed people did not. Goffman's (1963) concept of information management was employed to explain this difference. These results suggest that promoting opportunities for association with persons with like handicaps would be beneficial to those with visible handicaps; but for the less visibly handicapped such a strategy would not be useful.
DEATIt AND DYING
14) The hospice movement KRANT, M. J. U. Mass. Med. Cent., Worcester, Mass., U.S.A. N. Engl. J. Med. 299(10), 546-549, 1978 The hospice movement is based on the concept that a dying person should be allowed to finish his life in comfort and dignity, surrounded by his family. Since hospitals and nursing homes are considered to be limited in relieving the psychological, physical, and social needs of the terminally ill patient and his family, the hospice program has offered two alternatives: homecare service or a hospice "home." Home-care service involves the presence of a competent family member who is the primary caregiver. The visiting nurse association and the physician provide the basic back-up support. If a home-care situation is not possible, an institutional setting is recommended. Various hospices have been built in England and the U.S.; some are community-based independent structures and others are separate units in an existing hospital. In all cases, a home-like atmosphere prevails. Patients bring personal
FALL/1978
momentos and even furniture from home. Meals are shared with family members who have rooms available for sleeping overnight. Since pain is a major factor, especially in cancer victims, narcotics and other drugs are used liberally around the clock at regular intervals. Studies have shown that this procedure results in a decreased need for narcoticsand breaks the dependency-tolerance pattern. The entire atmosphere encourages the patient to be both psychologically and physically as comfortable as possible. The hospice approach is not for all patients, since some may not be willing to accept the philosophy of allowing death to come without a struggle. However, it offers an alternative that has been gratefully chosen by many dying patients and their families. TRAINING THE IIEALTH PROFESSIONAL IN PATIENT COUNSELLING 15) A model for teaching health education skills to primary-care practitioners BENNETT, B. E. Comprehens. Alcoholism Serv. Deliv. Syst., Dallas, Tex., U.S.A. hit. J. Health Educ. 20(4), 232-239, I977 The major emphasis of health education curriculum during the junior year is to help students develop a conceptual approach to educating patients. By examining the content of specific primary-care problems and then identifying the educational components of these problems, the student is better able to understand how the concepts of health education can be put into practice. The health education curriculum continues to be reexamined for changes to meet the needs of the practitioner. It does not approximate the best approach to teaching health education. However, the observable changes in the students between their first introduction to health education and the end of the program are markedly clear. This is demonstrated by a change in practice, write-ups and oral presentations. Research to access the practitioner in practice is needed to determine the impact of this course. Joint training experiences for health associates and graduate students in health education should enrich both programs.
16) Does the professional know what the client wants? INNES, J. M. Univ. Adelaide, Adelaide, Aust. Soc. Sci. Med. 11(11-13), 635-638, 1977 Problems arising during interaction between professional helpers and their clients, especially between
DEATIt AND DYING
14) The hospice movement KRANT, M. J. U. Mass. Med. Cent., Worcester, Mass., U.S.A. N. Engl. J. Med. 299(10), 546-549, 1978 The hospice movement is based on the concept that a dying person should be allowed to finish his life in comfort and dignity, surrounded by his family. Since hospitals and nursing homes are considered to be limited in relieving the psychological, physical, and social needs of the terminally ill patient and his family, the hospice program has offered two alternatives: homecare service or a hospice "home." Home-care service involves the presence of a competent family member who is the primary caregiver. The visiting nurse association and the physician provide the basic back-up support. If a home-care situation is not possible, an institutional setting is recommended. Various hospices have been built in England and the U.S.; some are community-based independent structures and others are separate units in an existing hospital. In all cases, a home-like atmosphere prevails. Patients bring personal
FALL/1978
momentos and even furniture from home. Meals are shared with family members who have rooms available for sleeping overnight. Since pain is a major factor, especially in cancer victims, narcotics and other drugs are used liberally around the clock at regular intervals. Studies have shown that this procedure results in a decreased need for narcoticsand breaks the dependency-tolerance pattern. The entire atmosphere encourages the patient to be both psychologically and physically as comfortable as possible. The hospice approach is not for all patients, since some may not be willing to accept the philosophy of allowing death to come without a struggle. However, it offers an alternative that has been gratefully chosen by many dying patients and their families. TRAINING THE IIEALTH PROFESSIONAL IN PATIENT COUNSELLING 15) A model for teaching health education skills to primary-care practitioners BENNETT, B. E. Comprehens. Alcoholism Serv. Deliv. Syst., Dallas, Tex., U.S.A. hit. J. Health Educ. 20(4), 232-239, I977 The major emphasis of health education curriculum during the junior year is to help students develop a conceptual approach to educating patients. By examining the content of specific primary-care problems and then identifying the educational components of these problems, the student is better able to understand how the concepts of health education can be put into practice. The health education curriculum continues to be reexamined for changes to meet the needs of the practitioner. It does not approximate the best approach to teaching health education. However, the observable changes in the students between their first introduction to health education and the end of the program are markedly clear. This is demonstrated by a change in practice, write-ups and oral presentations. Research to access the practitioner in practice is needed to determine the impact of this course. Joint training experiences for health associates and graduate students in health education should enrich both programs.
16) Does the professional know what the client wants? INNES, J. M. Univ. Adelaide, Adelaide, Aust. Soc. Sci. Med. 11(11-13), 635-638, 1977 Problems arising during interaction between professional helpers and their clients, especially between