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Coping with stress gives Karawanken tunnellers a headache
215A 894368 Dynamic plastic deformation analysis of embankment structures Uchida, K; Hasegawa, T Froc Eighth Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Kyoto, 20-24 July 1987 V1, P273-276. Publ Japan: Japanese Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 1987
Underground Excavations 894372 Rock mechanics in Sweden Stephansson, O lnt J Rock Mech Min Sci V26, NI, Jan 1989, PI-II
The application of the computer program LASS-Ill, extended to 2 dimensions, to the analysis of seismic response of an embankment on layered soils is illustrated. The program incorporates elastoplastic constitutive relations using kinematic and isotropic hardening rules, and allows coupled analysis of large deformations and liquefaction potential. The validity of the technique is demonstrated by comparing predictions with real behaviour of the embankment under the same earthquake accelerations.
A review of important developments in Swedish rock engineering and rock mechanics over the last 3 decades. History of mining, underground construction and mining equipment are outlined, and teaching and research institutes introduced. Current research is mainly in mining and final disposal of radioactive waste, but research into tunnel boring in granite,grouting rock masses, holographic interferometry of rock surface waves and rock stress measurement is also outlined. 44 refs.
894369 Damage of dikes by earthquakes and their countermeasures Yamamura, K; Nakajima, H; Enomoto, T Proc Eighth Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Kyoto, 20-24 July 1987 VI, P277-280. Publ Japan: Japanese Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. 1987
Geological factors of importance in underground excavations
A polder dyke founded on hydraulic sand fill failed due to liquefaction of both replaced sand and loose sand layers beneath the replacement. The degree of liquefaction was analysed using the earthquake response analysis and the F method. Countermeasures included surcharging the front and the back of the dyke, and lowering the water table by installment of sheet piles at the shore side and drains, and by preventing surface inflow. Pore pressure in the embankment was lowered, effective stress increased, and earthquake resistance improved. 894370 Evaluation of dynamic full scale tests on pile group Yao, S; Kobayashi, K Proc Eighth Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Kyoto, 20-24 July 1987 VI, P285-288. Publ Japan: Japanese Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 1987 Static and dynamic tests were carried out on pile groups and single piles subject to lateral and vertical loading, and restoring force characteristics determined. Results are compared to predictions from two pile group analyses. It is seen that boundary interaction effects, soil nonlinearity and group effects are not adequately taken into account by the theories. A modified boundary stiffness term is proposed to bring field and analytical results into better agreement. 894371 Field data for dynamically loaded foundations Beredugo, Y 0 Proc Ninth Regional Conference for Africa on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Lagos, September 1987 VI. P193-204. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1987 Test foundations were constructed on silty clay overlying glacial till to study the effect of embedment, nature and quality of side fill, intensity of excitation forces, and mass and shape of foundation on vibrations of a partially embedded foundation excited either vertically or horizontally. The results show that shape has no effect on basic dynamic response characteristics, resonant amplitude decreases with increased embedment, resonant frequency increases with increased embedment, the effects of embedment decrease with decreased sidefill density, and the responses exhibited considerable nonlinearity.
894373 Coping with stress gives Karawanken tunnellers a headache Martin, D Tunn Tunnig V20. NI2, Dec 1988, P19-27 The Karawanken road tunnel between Austria and Yugoslavia runs through the Southern Limestone Alps. On the south side problems were found in driving through cohesionless talus for the portal and in regions of argillitic shales and conglomerate under high tectonic stress, and gypsum and anhydrite in some places. Methane was also present in high concentrations. Construction was by NATM with forepoling to support poor ground on the Yugoslavian side and drill and blast in more competent rock on the Austrian side. Design, construction, and support approaches to overcome the severe geological problems are described. 894374 Geological approach to prediction of adversed tunnel geology Sun Guangzhong; Liang Jinhuo Proc 1987 Rapid Excavation and Tunnelling Conference, New Orleans, 14-17 June 1987 VI, P40-49. Publ Littleton: Society of Mining Engineers, 1987 Prediction of geological conditions for underground excavations is an inexact science. Various methods which have been used, geometric method, stratigraphic sequence method, special features analysis method, major structures analysis method, and synthetic method, are described and their data input and analysis requirements illustrated. Methods should be selected on the basis of geological features and the state of the project,feasibility, design or construction stage.
Stresses around underground openings 894375 Study on the ground pressure at Shirenzhang tungsten mine
(In Chinese) Yang Guolin; Wang Ning; Moo Jianhua; Yu Xintao Q Changsha lust Min Res 1/8. N2. June 1988, P14-22 Using results from in situ and laboratory tests, the stability of underground openings and slopes is studied by numerical modelling and engineering calculation, leading to a better understanding of ground pressure. Effective control measures are proposed along with suggested monitoring techniques.
1989 Pergamon Press pie. Reproduction not permitted RMMS 26-3 4-~T
Underground Excavations 894372 Rock mechanics in Sweden Stephansson, O lnt J Rock Mech Min Sci V26, NI, Jan 1989, PI-II
The application of the computer program LASS-Ill, extended to 2 dimensions, to the analysis of seismic response of an embankment on layered soils is illustrated. The program incorporates elastoplastic constitutive relations using kinematic and isotropic hardening rules, and allows coupled analysis of large deformations and liquefaction potential. The validity of the technique is demonstrated by comparing predictions with real behaviour of the embankment under the same earthquake accelerations.
A review of important developments in Swedish rock engineering and rock mechanics over the last 3 decades. History of mining, underground construction and mining equipment are outlined, and teaching and research institutes introduced. Current research is mainly in mining and final disposal of radioactive waste, but research into tunnel boring in granite,grouting rock masses, holographic interferometry of rock surface waves and rock stress measurement is also outlined. 44 refs.
894369 Damage of dikes by earthquakes and their countermeasures Yamamura, K; Nakajima, H; Enomoto, T Proc Eighth Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Kyoto, 20-24 July 1987 VI, P277-280. Publ Japan: Japanese Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. 1987
Geological factors of importance in underground excavations
A polder dyke founded on hydraulic sand fill failed due to liquefaction of both replaced sand and loose sand layers beneath the replacement. The degree of liquefaction was analysed using the earthquake response analysis and the F method. Countermeasures included surcharging the front and the back of the dyke, and lowering the water table by installment of sheet piles at the shore side and drains, and by preventing surface inflow. Pore pressure in the embankment was lowered, effective stress increased, and earthquake resistance improved. 894370 Evaluation of dynamic full scale tests on pile group Yao, S; Kobayashi, K Proc Eighth Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Kyoto, 20-24 July 1987 VI, P285-288. Publ Japan: Japanese Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 1987 Static and dynamic tests were carried out on pile groups and single piles subject to lateral and vertical loading, and restoring force characteristics determined. Results are compared to predictions from two pile group analyses. It is seen that boundary interaction effects, soil nonlinearity and group effects are not adequately taken into account by the theories. A modified boundary stiffness term is proposed to bring field and analytical results into better agreement. 894371 Field data for dynamically loaded foundations Beredugo, Y 0 Proc Ninth Regional Conference for Africa on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Lagos, September 1987 VI. P193-204. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1987 Test foundations were constructed on silty clay overlying glacial till to study the effect of embedment, nature and quality of side fill, intensity of excitation forces, and mass and shape of foundation on vibrations of a partially embedded foundation excited either vertically or horizontally. The results show that shape has no effect on basic dynamic response characteristics, resonant amplitude decreases with increased embedment, resonant frequency increases with increased embedment, the effects of embedment decrease with decreased sidefill density, and the responses exhibited considerable nonlinearity.
894373 Coping with stress gives Karawanken tunnellers a headache Martin, D Tunn Tunnig V20. NI2, Dec 1988, P19-27 The Karawanken road tunnel between Austria and Yugoslavia runs through the Southern Limestone Alps. On the south side problems were found in driving through cohesionless talus for the portal and in regions of argillitic shales and conglomerate under high tectonic stress, and gypsum and anhydrite in some places. Methane was also present in high concentrations. Construction was by NATM with forepoling to support poor ground on the Yugoslavian side and drill and blast in more competent rock on the Austrian side. Design, construction, and support approaches to overcome the severe geological problems are described. 894374 Geological approach to prediction of adversed tunnel geology Sun Guangzhong; Liang Jinhuo Proc 1987 Rapid Excavation and Tunnelling Conference, New Orleans, 14-17 June 1987 VI, P40-49. Publ Littleton: Society of Mining Engineers, 1987 Prediction of geological conditions for underground excavations is an inexact science. Various methods which have been used, geometric method, stratigraphic sequence method, special features analysis method, major structures analysis method, and synthetic method, are described and their data input and analysis requirements illustrated. Methods should be selected on the basis of geological features and the state of the project,feasibility, design or construction stage.
Stresses around underground openings 894375 Study on the ground pressure at Shirenzhang tungsten mine
(In Chinese) Yang Guolin; Wang Ning; Moo Jianhua; Yu Xintao Q Changsha lust Min Res 1/8. N2. June 1988, P14-22 Using results from in situ and laboratory tests, the stability of underground openings and slopes is studied by numerical modelling and engineering calculation, leading to a better understanding of ground pressure. Effective control measures are proposed along with suggested monitoring techniques.
1989 Pergamon Press pie. Reproduction not permitted RMMS 26-3 4-~T