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Correlates of hormone replacement therapy use in former users of oral contraceptives
skin and advancing the needle until the gas pocket was identified. The umbilical thickness was then measured and recorded on three occasions. Data were compared using Pearson correlation and Student t test. Results: Of the 85 women in the study group, 50 (59%) were nulliparous, 33 (39%) had undergone previous laparoscopy, and 19 (22%) had undergone previous laparotomy. The mean age of the total group was 37.5 years (range 15 to 61), with a mean body weight of 157 lb (94 to 360) and an umbilical thickness of 2.0 cm (0.5 to 6.3). The average BMI was 26.6 (17.5
to 60) with 17 (20%) considered clinically obese as defined by a BMI of 30 or more. A significant correlation was noted between umbilical thickness and weight (R ⫽ 0.73, P ⬍0.01) as well as umbilical thickness and BMI (R ⫽ 0.69, P ⬍0.01). The mean umbilical thickness significantly differed between obese (3.1 ⫹ 0.3 cm) and nonobese (1.7 ⫹ 0.1 cm) groups (P ⫽ 0.001). Conclusion: Not surprisingly, the thickness of the umbilicus correlates well with weight and BMI. However, even in obese patients the mean umbilical thickness was only 3 cm, and in nonobese patients it was 1.7 cm.
MENOPAUSE
Effect of Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Climacteric Symptoms in African-American and Caucasian Menopausal Women: Influence of Body Mass Index
Correlates of Hormone Replacement Therapy Use in Former Users of Oral Contraceptives Erica Frank, MD, MPH Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
John Rock, MD, and Lisa Elon, MS, MPH Objectives: To explore what differentiates postmenopausal physicians who previously used oral contraceptives (OC) and now use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) from those who used OC previously and are not now using HRT. Also to examine, among premenopausal physicians who have used OC, factors associated with intended future HRT use. Methods: The Women Physicians’ Health Study took a stratified random sample of U.S. women MDs aged 30 –70 years (4501 respondents, a 59% response rate). We limited this examination to the 65% who had used oral contraceptives. Results: Among postmenopausal women who previously used OC, being younger, sexually active, or an ob-gyn, or having had a hysterectomy, were significantly associated (P ⬍ .05) with a greater prevalence of current HRT use. Also associated (P 0.05– 0.10) were being a member of a married or unmarried couple, living in a non–East Coast region, and having a female personal physician. Conversely, those with a history of breast cancer were much less likely to take HRT. Women physicians taking HRT were significantly more likely to report counseling their patients about its use; 44% of HRT users counseled their older female patients about HRT at least yearly, while only 22% of nonusers did so. Factors associated with prior OC use and intended future HRT use also will be discussed. Conclusions: Identifying factors that influence transitions from OC to HRT use may help predict future use. Physicians’ personal HRT status was associated with patient counseling practices.
24S Monday Posters
Ruth E. Stevens, PhD Duramed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cincinnati, OH
Stacey A. Ayres, PhD, Ray Klein, MD, and Ken V. Phelps, BS Objective: The body of literature suggests that a greater body mass decreases vasomotor symptoms (MSVS) owing to higher endogenous estrogen production. Few studies have evaluated the effect of body mass on MSVS in African-American (AA) menopausal women. The influence of race and body mass index (BMI) on the reduction of MSVS reported by AA and Caucasian (C) menopausal women receiving synthetic conjugated estrogens was evaluated. Methods: One hundred twenty healthy menopausal women including AA (n ⫽ 33) and C (n ⫽ 82) aged 38–66 years presenting with at least 60 hot flashes (MSVS) per week were enrolled. Average MSVS/day during a 2-week baseline period were compared with the treatment average MSVS/day at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Results: Post hoc analyses compared the percentage change in MSVS response in active and treatment groups by race or BMI. African-American women had a significantly greater BMI than Caucasian women (30.27 ⫾ 5.3 versus 27.21 ⫾ 5.48, P ⬍0.01). Neither race nor BMI had a statistically significant (P ⬎ 0.05) effect on MSVS. Conclusions: Therapeutic effectiveness of ERT on MSVS was equivalent between AA and C menopausal women and was independent of BMI.
Obstetrics & Gynecology
to 60) with 17 (20%) considered clinically obese as defined by a BMI of 30 or more. A significant correlation was noted between umbilical thickness and weight (R ⫽ 0.73, P ⬍0.01) as well as umbilical thickness and BMI (R ⫽ 0.69, P ⬍0.01). The mean umbilical thickness significantly differed between obese (3.1 ⫹ 0.3 cm) and nonobese (1.7 ⫹ 0.1 cm) groups (P ⫽ 0.001). Conclusion: Not surprisingly, the thickness of the umbilicus correlates well with weight and BMI. However, even in obese patients the mean umbilical thickness was only 3 cm, and in nonobese patients it was 1.7 cm.
MENOPAUSE
Effect of Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Climacteric Symptoms in African-American and Caucasian Menopausal Women: Influence of Body Mass Index
Correlates of Hormone Replacement Therapy Use in Former Users of Oral Contraceptives Erica Frank, MD, MPH Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
John Rock, MD, and Lisa Elon, MS, MPH Objectives: To explore what differentiates postmenopausal physicians who previously used oral contraceptives (OC) and now use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) from those who used OC previously and are not now using HRT. Also to examine, among premenopausal physicians who have used OC, factors associated with intended future HRT use. Methods: The Women Physicians’ Health Study took a stratified random sample of U.S. women MDs aged 30 –70 years (4501 respondents, a 59% response rate). We limited this examination to the 65% who had used oral contraceptives. Results: Among postmenopausal women who previously used OC, being younger, sexually active, or an ob-gyn, or having had a hysterectomy, were significantly associated (P ⬍ .05) with a greater prevalence of current HRT use. Also associated (P 0.05– 0.10) were being a member of a married or unmarried couple, living in a non–East Coast region, and having a female personal physician. Conversely, those with a history of breast cancer were much less likely to take HRT. Women physicians taking HRT were significantly more likely to report counseling their patients about its use; 44% of HRT users counseled their older female patients about HRT at least yearly, while only 22% of nonusers did so. Factors associated with prior OC use and intended future HRT use also will be discussed. Conclusions: Identifying factors that influence transitions from OC to HRT use may help predict future use. Physicians’ personal HRT status was associated with patient counseling practices.
24S Monday Posters
Ruth E. Stevens, PhD Duramed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cincinnati, OH
Stacey A. Ayres, PhD, Ray Klein, MD, and Ken V. Phelps, BS Objective: The body of literature suggests that a greater body mass decreases vasomotor symptoms (MSVS) owing to higher endogenous estrogen production. Few studies have evaluated the effect of body mass on MSVS in African-American (AA) menopausal women. The influence of race and body mass index (BMI) on the reduction of MSVS reported by AA and Caucasian (C) menopausal women receiving synthetic conjugated estrogens was evaluated. Methods: One hundred twenty healthy menopausal women including AA (n ⫽ 33) and C (n ⫽ 82) aged 38–66 years presenting with at least 60 hot flashes (MSVS) per week were enrolled. Average MSVS/day during a 2-week baseline period were compared with the treatment average MSVS/day at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Results: Post hoc analyses compared the percentage change in MSVS response in active and treatment groups by race or BMI. African-American women had a significantly greater BMI than Caucasian women (30.27 ⫾ 5.3 versus 27.21 ⫾ 5.48, P ⬍0.01). Neither race nor BMI had a statistically significant (P ⬎ 0.05) effect on MSVS. Conclusions: Therapeutic effectiveness of ERT on MSVS was equivalent between AA and C menopausal women and was independent of BMI.
Obstetrics & Gynecology