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Correlation between the geriatric depression scale and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
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Abstracts /Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 15 (2000) 653-850
down into 4 disparate domains including attention, planning, cognitive fluency and cognitive flexibility. Elderly adults of varying ECF ability, as indicated by a screen of executive ability the Executive Interview (EXIT; Royall, 1992), were administered neuropsychological tests measuring the above stated 4 domains as well as a test of performance based functional ability, the Direct Assessment of Functional Status (DAFS; Loewenstein, 1989). Correlational analyses indicated significant relationships between observed functional ability and the ECF domains of attention (r=0.682, p
MMPI test-retest stability in geriatric clients suspected of dementia Pospisil T, Mahrou ML, Espe-Pfeifer 8 Selden J, Golden CJ. The purpose of the present study was to examine the stability of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in a geriatric population at a 2-year follow-up. The participants were 37 adults who were referred for a neuropsychological evaluation to assess the presence of possible dementia. Clients were given an MMPI at their initial visit and then 2 years later at a follow-up examination. The average age was 76.42 years (SD = 9.94) and average education was 13.42 years (SD = 2.97). The sample was predominantly female (57.9%) and right-handed (89.5%). One hundred percent of the sample was Caucasian. Diagnostic groups included Alzheimer’s dementia (35.3%), vascular dementia (14.7 %), Parkinson’s disease (5.9 %), psychiatric disorders (8.8%), cognitive disorder NOS (23.5 %), and no diagnosis (11.8%). Psychiatric disorders included major depression and anxiety. Correlations between the initial and later tests were nearly all significant at the 0.01 level, ranging from 0.41 (Pt) to 0.71 (D). Only Ma (0.25) failed to show a significant relationship. Using a 0.05 level of probability, group scores were compared using a paired r-test procedure which revealed significant group mean stability across 12 of the 13 basic scales of the MMPI (except Mf). Overall, the results of this analysis showed a markedly stable pattern of personality despite changes in cognitive measures reflecting ongoing dementia in this population. These results suggested that the combination of personality style and coping was much more stable and resistant to change than were active cognitive abilities in this population. These results have substantial potential implications for understanding the interrelationship between personality and dementia, as well as the role of higher cognitive functions in determining and/ or maintaining personality. These implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Correlation between the geriatric depression scale and the Minnesota Personality Inventory Selden J, Espe-Pfeifer e Mahrou ML, Pospisil T King J, Golden a.
Multiphasic
Both the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) are used to measure depression in geriatric clients. However, research has not focused on whether these tests yield similar results. The participants were 53 adults who were referred for a neuropsychological evaluation to assess the presence of dementia. The average age was 79.04 years (SD= 5.66) and average education was 12.6 years (SD=3.14). The sample was predominantly male
Abstracts /Archives qf Clinical Neuropsychologv 15 (2000) 653-850
135
(59.4%) and right-handed (92.8%). One hundred percent of the sample was Caucasian. Diagnostic groups included Alzheimer’s dementia (39.7%), vascular dementia (3 1.7%), Parkinson’s disease (3.2%), psychiatric disorders (6.3%), cognitive disorder NOS (14.3%), and no diagnosis (4.8%). Psychiatric disorders included major depression and anxiety. Results of the current analysis yielded significant correlations (p < 0.05) between the GDS and specific scales of the MMPI, including Scale 2 (Depression), Scale 3 (Hysteria), Scale 4 (Psychopathic Deviate), Scale 6 (Paranoia), Scale 7 (Psychasthenia), Scale 8 (Schizophrenia), and Scale 0 (Social Introversion). The GDS correlated highest with Scales 2 (0.557) and 7 (0.632). Given the variance in test-retest scores on personality tests, these correlations indicate a high degree of relationship between the 2 tests, supporting the concurrent validity of the GDS and the MMPI with regard to the assessment of depression and anxiety in a geriatric population. These results suggest that when the clinician’s primary interests in the evaluation are depression and anxiety, substantial time can be saved by substituting the GDS for the full MMPI. Clinical implications and future research are discussed.
Relationship between the MMPI-2 and neurocognitive measures in dementia Mleko AL, Espe-Pfeifer e Mahrou ML, Selden J, Jalazo M, Golden CJ. Until recently, the effects of stroke on personality and emotional functioning have received little attention in the neuropsychological literature. However, research conducted by Freshwater and Golden (1999) has suggested that such factors as the type and severity of neuropsychological impairment, time post-injury, and emotional status may have an interactive role in determining changes in personality. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the relationship between cognitive and emotional functioning in a dementia population rather than a stroke population. The average age of the 13 1 participants was 75 years (SD = 13.14) and the average education was 12.6 years (SD = 2.94). The sample had slightly more men (50.3%). The participants were right-handed (90.2%). Ninety-eight percent of the sample was Caucasian. All were referred for diagnosis of possible dementia. MMPI-2 scale scores were compared to the results of a battery of neuropsychological test commonly used in the diagnosis of dementia and similar to those used in past stroke studies. Unlike the results from stroke populations, there was generally no effective prediction of the MMPI-2 scores by the cognitive scores. There was only 1 significant multiple correlation, between the cognitive test scores with the MMPI-2 Scale 1 (Hypochondriasis) (R = 0.466, F = 1.789, p < 0.05). Overall, these results suggest little or no relationship between the cognitive and personality scores in a dementia population, contrary to the results found with stroke clients. This suggests that the impact of cognitive losses on personality is not the same in these populations. The implications of these results as well as future directions for research are discussed.
Discrimination of types of dementia by an abbreviated neuropsychological battery Espe-Pfeifer ? Mahrou ML, Pospisil 2: Selden J, Sanders C, Aucone E, Golden a, Todd ME. ‘The ability to differentiate between various forms of dementia and psychiatric disorders is a difficult endeavor given the complexity of symptoms presented. Various studies have examined the pattern of neuropsychological test results in Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia. However, symptoms associated with psychiatric disorders, such as depression, often mimic those of dementia, thus complicating differential diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the discriminative ability of an abbreviated neuropsychological battery in a dementia population. Participants were 91 adults referred
Abstracts /Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 15 (2000) 653-850
down into 4 disparate domains including attention, planning, cognitive fluency and cognitive flexibility. Elderly adults of varying ECF ability, as indicated by a screen of executive ability the Executive Interview (EXIT; Royall, 1992), were administered neuropsychological tests measuring the above stated 4 domains as well as a test of performance based functional ability, the Direct Assessment of Functional Status (DAFS; Loewenstein, 1989). Correlational analyses indicated significant relationships between observed functional ability and the ECF domains of attention (r=0.682, p
MMPI test-retest stability in geriatric clients suspected of dementia Pospisil T, Mahrou ML, Espe-Pfeifer 8 Selden J, Golden CJ. The purpose of the present study was to examine the stability of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in a geriatric population at a 2-year follow-up. The participants were 37 adults who were referred for a neuropsychological evaluation to assess the presence of possible dementia. Clients were given an MMPI at their initial visit and then 2 years later at a follow-up examination. The average age was 76.42 years (SD = 9.94) and average education was 13.42 years (SD = 2.97). The sample was predominantly female (57.9%) and right-handed (89.5%). One hundred percent of the sample was Caucasian. Diagnostic groups included Alzheimer’s dementia (35.3%), vascular dementia (14.7 %), Parkinson’s disease (5.9 %), psychiatric disorders (8.8%), cognitive disorder NOS (23.5 %), and no diagnosis (11.8%). Psychiatric disorders included major depression and anxiety. Correlations between the initial and later tests were nearly all significant at the 0.01 level, ranging from 0.41 (Pt) to 0.71 (D). Only Ma (0.25) failed to show a significant relationship. Using a 0.05 level of probability, group scores were compared using a paired r-test procedure which revealed significant group mean stability across 12 of the 13 basic scales of the MMPI (except Mf). Overall, the results of this analysis showed a markedly stable pattern of personality despite changes in cognitive measures reflecting ongoing dementia in this population. These results suggested that the combination of personality style and coping was much more stable and resistant to change than were active cognitive abilities in this population. These results have substantial potential implications for understanding the interrelationship between personality and dementia, as well as the role of higher cognitive functions in determining and/ or maintaining personality. These implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Correlation between the geriatric depression scale and the Minnesota Personality Inventory Selden J, Espe-Pfeifer e Mahrou ML, Pospisil T King J, Golden a.
Multiphasic
Both the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) are used to measure depression in geriatric clients. However, research has not focused on whether these tests yield similar results. The participants were 53 adults who were referred for a neuropsychological evaluation to assess the presence of dementia. The average age was 79.04 years (SD= 5.66) and average education was 12.6 years (SD=3.14). The sample was predominantly male
Abstracts /Archives qf Clinical Neuropsychologv 15 (2000) 653-850
135
(59.4%) and right-handed (92.8%). One hundred percent of the sample was Caucasian. Diagnostic groups included Alzheimer’s dementia (39.7%), vascular dementia (3 1.7%), Parkinson’s disease (3.2%), psychiatric disorders (6.3%), cognitive disorder NOS (14.3%), and no diagnosis (4.8%). Psychiatric disorders included major depression and anxiety. Results of the current analysis yielded significant correlations (p < 0.05) between the GDS and specific scales of the MMPI, including Scale 2 (Depression), Scale 3 (Hysteria), Scale 4 (Psychopathic Deviate), Scale 6 (Paranoia), Scale 7 (Psychasthenia), Scale 8 (Schizophrenia), and Scale 0 (Social Introversion). The GDS correlated highest with Scales 2 (0.557) and 7 (0.632). Given the variance in test-retest scores on personality tests, these correlations indicate a high degree of relationship between the 2 tests, supporting the concurrent validity of the GDS and the MMPI with regard to the assessment of depression and anxiety in a geriatric population. These results suggest that when the clinician’s primary interests in the evaluation are depression and anxiety, substantial time can be saved by substituting the GDS for the full MMPI. Clinical implications and future research are discussed.
Relationship between the MMPI-2 and neurocognitive measures in dementia Mleko AL, Espe-Pfeifer e Mahrou ML, Selden J, Jalazo M, Golden CJ. Until recently, the effects of stroke on personality and emotional functioning have received little attention in the neuropsychological literature. However, research conducted by Freshwater and Golden (1999) has suggested that such factors as the type and severity of neuropsychological impairment, time post-injury, and emotional status may have an interactive role in determining changes in personality. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the relationship between cognitive and emotional functioning in a dementia population rather than a stroke population. The average age of the 13 1 participants was 75 years (SD = 13.14) and the average education was 12.6 years (SD = 2.94). The sample had slightly more men (50.3%). The participants were right-handed (90.2%). Ninety-eight percent of the sample was Caucasian. All were referred for diagnosis of possible dementia. MMPI-2 scale scores were compared to the results of a battery of neuropsychological test commonly used in the diagnosis of dementia and similar to those used in past stroke studies. Unlike the results from stroke populations, there was generally no effective prediction of the MMPI-2 scores by the cognitive scores. There was only 1 significant multiple correlation, between the cognitive test scores with the MMPI-2 Scale 1 (Hypochondriasis) (R = 0.466, F = 1.789, p < 0.05). Overall, these results suggest little or no relationship between the cognitive and personality scores in a dementia population, contrary to the results found with stroke clients. This suggests that the impact of cognitive losses on personality is not the same in these populations. The implications of these results as well as future directions for research are discussed.
Discrimination of types of dementia by an abbreviated neuropsychological battery Espe-Pfeifer ? Mahrou ML, Pospisil 2: Selden J, Sanders C, Aucone E, Golden a, Todd ME. ‘The ability to differentiate between various forms of dementia and psychiatric disorders is a difficult endeavor given the complexity of symptoms presented. Various studies have examined the pattern of neuropsychological test results in Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia. However, symptoms associated with psychiatric disorders, such as depression, often mimic those of dementia, thus complicating differential diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the discriminative ability of an abbreviated neuropsychological battery in a dementia population. Participants were 91 adults referred