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Corrigendum to “Inflammatory response against different carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK wear particles compared with UHMWPE in vivo” [Acta Biomaterialia 6 (2010) 4296–4304]
Acta Biomaterialia 8 (2012) 1396–1398
Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect
Acta Biomaterialia journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/actabiomat
Corrigendum
Corrigendum to ‘‘Inflammatory response against different carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK wear particles compared with UHMWPE in vivo’’ [Acta Biomaterialia 6 (2010) 4296–4304] Sandra Utzschneider a,⇑, Fabian Becker b, Thomas M. Grupp a,c, Birte Sievers b, Alexander Paulus a, Oliver Gottschalk d, Volkmar Jansson a a
Orthopedic Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany Orthopedic Department, Laboratory for Biomechanics and Experimental Orthopedics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistraße 23, 81377 Munich, Germany c Aesculap AG Research and Development, Aesculap-Platz 1, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany d Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany b
The authors have to correct values concerning the particle size of the referred wear test. Therefore Chapter 3.1, Figs. 1–3 and Table 1 are reproduced in full with the correct results. 3.1. Characterization of the wear debris The mean particle size (mean diameter) of the reproduced particles was 0.79 ± 0.3 lm for UHMWPE, 1.22 ± 0.5 lm for CFR-PEEK pitch and 1.39 ± 0.3 lm for CFR-PEEK PAN particles and corresponds well with the particle release characterized in prior knee wear simulations. These particles showed a mean diameter of 0.72 ± 0.99 lm (UHMWPE), 0.98 ± 1.75 lm (CFR-PEEK pitch) and 1.27 ± 5.18 lm (CFR-PEEK PAN). The cumulative particle size frequencies are shown in Figs. 1–3 and were very similar for the three materials. The particle
analysis of the materials containing carbon fibres (PAN and pitch) showed a size distribution with the majority of the particles below 5 lm. We could not detect any carbon fibres from the bulk material (diameter 5–30 lm, length 50–200 lm). There were only particles of similar size, which had no specific shape. Therefore, it was not possible to differentiate between the PEEK matrix particles and carbon fiber particles by geometry. That means that the particles could be a combination of matrix and fiber fragments, only matrix or only fiber. As shape characters aspect ratio, roundness and form factor were determined. The morphology of the reproduced particles was comparable to the originally generated wear in the knee simulator testing (Table 1). SEM micrographs showed similar morphological characteristics for all materials tested, for the original wear particles as well as for the reproduced particles (Fig. 4).
DOI of original article: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.06.002
⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 89 7095 0; fax: +49 89 7095 8881. E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Utzschneider). 1742-7061/$ - see front matter Ó 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2011.12.017
S. Utzschneider et al. / Acta Biomaterialia 8 (2012) 1396–1398
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Fig. 1. UHMWPE. Mean particle size and cumulative frequency of the generated particles for intra-articular injection (light grey) and for particles from the wear simulation (dark). Bars indicate mean values, symbols indicate size distribution. Below 1 lm the X-axis is equally spaced in 0.1 lm steps due to the high concentration of particles in this size range. Above 1 lm we used a linear scale with 1 lm steps to have a better view on the remaining particles.
Fig. 2. CFR-PEEK pitch. Mean particle size and cumulative frequency of the generated particles for intra-articular injection (light grey) and for particles from the wear simulation (dark). Bars indicate mean values, symbols indicate size distribution. Below 1 lm the X-axis is equally spaced in 0.1 lm steps due to the high concentration of particles in this size range. Above 1 lm we used a linear scale with 1 lm steps to have a better view on the remaining particles.
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S. Utzschneider et al. / Acta Biomaterialia 8 (2012) 1396–1398
Fig. 3. CFR-PEEK PAN. Mean particle size and cumulative frequency of the generated particles for intra-articular injection (light grey) and for particles from the wear simulation (dark). Bars indicate mean values, symbols indicate size distribution. Below 1 lm the X-axis is equally spaced in 0.1 lm steps due to the high concentration of particles in this size range. Above 1 lm we used a linear scale with 1 lm steps to have a better view on the remaining particles.
Table 1 Morphological parameters of the original and reproduced particles. Material
UHMWPE CFR-PEEK pitch CFR-PEEK PAN
Aspect ratio (mean)
Roundness (mean)
Form factor (mean)
Original
Generated
Original
Generated
Original
Generated
1.77 1.65 1.65
1.65 1.61 1.60
0.54 0.61 0.58
0.51 0.51 0.54
0.55 0.59 0.57
0.63 0.63 0.66
Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect
Acta Biomaterialia journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/actabiomat
Corrigendum
Corrigendum to ‘‘Inflammatory response against different carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK wear particles compared with UHMWPE in vivo’’ [Acta Biomaterialia 6 (2010) 4296–4304] Sandra Utzschneider a,⇑, Fabian Becker b, Thomas M. Grupp a,c, Birte Sievers b, Alexander Paulus a, Oliver Gottschalk d, Volkmar Jansson a a
Orthopedic Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany Orthopedic Department, Laboratory for Biomechanics and Experimental Orthopedics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistraße 23, 81377 Munich, Germany c Aesculap AG Research and Development, Aesculap-Platz 1, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany d Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany b
The authors have to correct values concerning the particle size of the referred wear test. Therefore Chapter 3.1, Figs. 1–3 and Table 1 are reproduced in full with the correct results. 3.1. Characterization of the wear debris The mean particle size (mean diameter) of the reproduced particles was 0.79 ± 0.3 lm for UHMWPE, 1.22 ± 0.5 lm for CFR-PEEK pitch and 1.39 ± 0.3 lm for CFR-PEEK PAN particles and corresponds well with the particle release characterized in prior knee wear simulations. These particles showed a mean diameter of 0.72 ± 0.99 lm (UHMWPE), 0.98 ± 1.75 lm (CFR-PEEK pitch) and 1.27 ± 5.18 lm (CFR-PEEK PAN). The cumulative particle size frequencies are shown in Figs. 1–3 and were very similar for the three materials. The particle
analysis of the materials containing carbon fibres (PAN and pitch) showed a size distribution with the majority of the particles below 5 lm. We could not detect any carbon fibres from the bulk material (diameter 5–30 lm, length 50–200 lm). There were only particles of similar size, which had no specific shape. Therefore, it was not possible to differentiate between the PEEK matrix particles and carbon fiber particles by geometry. That means that the particles could be a combination of matrix and fiber fragments, only matrix or only fiber. As shape characters aspect ratio, roundness and form factor were determined. The morphology of the reproduced particles was comparable to the originally generated wear in the knee simulator testing (Table 1). SEM micrographs showed similar morphological characteristics for all materials tested, for the original wear particles as well as for the reproduced particles (Fig. 4).
DOI of original article: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.06.002
⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 89 7095 0; fax: +49 89 7095 8881. E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Utzschneider). 1742-7061/$ - see front matter Ó 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2011.12.017
S. Utzschneider et al. / Acta Biomaterialia 8 (2012) 1396–1398
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Fig. 1. UHMWPE. Mean particle size and cumulative frequency of the generated particles for intra-articular injection (light grey) and for particles from the wear simulation (dark). Bars indicate mean values, symbols indicate size distribution. Below 1 lm the X-axis is equally spaced in 0.1 lm steps due to the high concentration of particles in this size range. Above 1 lm we used a linear scale with 1 lm steps to have a better view on the remaining particles.
Fig. 2. CFR-PEEK pitch. Mean particle size and cumulative frequency of the generated particles for intra-articular injection (light grey) and for particles from the wear simulation (dark). Bars indicate mean values, symbols indicate size distribution. Below 1 lm the X-axis is equally spaced in 0.1 lm steps due to the high concentration of particles in this size range. Above 1 lm we used a linear scale with 1 lm steps to have a better view on the remaining particles.
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S. Utzschneider et al. / Acta Biomaterialia 8 (2012) 1396–1398
Fig. 3. CFR-PEEK PAN. Mean particle size and cumulative frequency of the generated particles for intra-articular injection (light grey) and for particles from the wear simulation (dark). Bars indicate mean values, symbols indicate size distribution. Below 1 lm the X-axis is equally spaced in 0.1 lm steps due to the high concentration of particles in this size range. Above 1 lm we used a linear scale with 1 lm steps to have a better view on the remaining particles.
Table 1 Morphological parameters of the original and reproduced particles. Material
UHMWPE CFR-PEEK pitch CFR-PEEK PAN
Aspect ratio (mean)
Roundness (mean)
Form factor (mean)
Original
Generated
Original
Generated
Original
Generated
1.77 1.65 1.65
1.65 1.61 1.60
0.54 0.61 0.58
0.51 0.51 0.54
0.55 0.59 0.57
0.63 0.63 0.66