- Email: [email protected]
Corrigendum to “The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity among young girls: A meta-analysis” [Prev. Med. 62 (2014) 119–131]
Preventive Medicine 67 (2014) 340–342
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Preventive Medicine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ypmed
Corrigendum
Corrigendum to “The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity among young girls: A meta-analysis” [Prev. Med. 62 (2014) 119–131] Stuart J.H. Biddle a,⁎, Rock Braithwaite b, Natalie Pearson a a b
School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK Department of Kinesiology and Recreation Administration, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, USA
The authors regret that there is an error of consistency between what is in the Abstract and text (both correct) and the printing of Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2 (all three are incorrect) for the above-referenced article. The incorrect items are from a previous version and contain 18 instead of the correct 22 samples analyzed. The interpretation and conclusion of the meta-analysis are unaffected. The authors apologize for these errors. The corrected tables and figure appear here: Table 2 Coding information for studies (K = 22) meeting inclusion criteria. Study
Baranowski et al. (2003) Beech et al. (2003) Bergh et al. (2012) Bugge et al. (2012) Ernst and Pangrazi (1999) French et al. (2005) Gentile et al. (2009) Goran and Reynolds (2005) Horne et al. (2009) Huberty et al. (2011) Klesges et al. (2010) Loucaides et al. (2009) Manios et al. (2006) Pangrazi et al. (2003) Ridgers et al. (2007) Rosenkranz et al. (2010) Sallis et al. (1997) Salmon et al. (2008) Stevens et al. (2003) Story et al. (2003) Verstraete et al. (2006) Wright et al. (2013)
Intervention characteristics
Sample characteristics
Study characteristics
Type
Focus
Level
Time
Follow-up
Theory
Quality
Population
N
Country
Setting
Measure
ED ED M M M ED M M M EN EN EN ED ED EN ED M ED ED ED EN M
PAD PAD PA PA PA PAD O PA PA O O PA PA PA PA PAD PA O PAD PAD PA PAD
I I S S C G S S S PA I S A S S G S C S I S S
1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1
N N N Y N N Y N Y N N Y Y N Y N N Y N N N Y
T T T A A T T T A T A A T A A T A T T T A A
H H L L M L H M M L H M L L M H M H M H M M
G G BG BG BG BG BG BG BG BG G BG BG BG BG G BG BG BG G BG BG
35 60 736 260 644a 296 1323 209 100 45 303 247 425 606 470 76 955 268 1447 54 235 190
US US W W US US US US W US US W W US W US US W US US W US
C C+ S+ S S C S S+ S S C S S+ S S C+ S+ S S S+ S S+
O M O O O S O O O O O O S O M M M O S O O O
Note. Type (intervention type): ED = educational, EN = environmental, M = multicomponent. Focus (intervention focus): O = obesity-related behaviors, PA = physical activity only, PAD = physical activity and diet. Level (level of randomization). C = class, I = individual, S = school, G = intact group. Time (intervention length): 1 = less than or equal to 12 weeks, 2 = greater than 12 weeks. Follow-up (intervention follow-up after post test): N = no, Y = yes. Theory (theoretical foundation): T = theoretical, A = atheoretical. Quality (study quality): L = low Delphi score b3, M = moderate Delphi score between 4 and 6, H = high quality Delphi score N6. Population (sample composition) BG = boys and girls, GO = girls only. Country (participants country of origin): US = United States, W = rest of the world. Setting (study setting): C = community, C+ = community and family, S = school-based, S+ = school and outside of school. Measure (study outcome measures) O = objective, M = objective & self-report, S = self report. a Minimum estimate of sample size.
DOI of original article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.02.009. ⁎ Corresponding author at: The NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK. E-mail address: [email protected] (S.J.H. Biddle).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.014 0091-7435/© 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
S.J.H. Biddle et al. / Preventive Medicine 67 (2014) 340–342
341
Table 3 Children's physical activity subgroup analyses. Subgroup variables
Effect size statistics k
Random effects modelA Intervention characteristicsB Intervention type Educational Environmental Multicomponent Intervention focus Obesity related PA and diet PA only Randomization level Area Class Girl scout Individual School Intervention time ≤12 weeks N12 weeks Intervention follow-up No Yes Theoretical approach Atheoretical Theoretical Intervention quality High Low Moderate Sample characteristicsB Population Boys and girls Girls only Country World US Study characteristicsB Setting Community Community + family School School + outside Measure Objective Objective & self-report Self-report
g
Null test
Heterogeneity statistics
SE
s2
95% C.I.
Z
Q
τ2
I2
Fail safe N
346.37⁎
0.199
93.94
545
0.067 1.174 0.174
82.43 98.11 93.17
0.414 0.088 0.263
97.78 73.38 95.04
0.000 0.376 0.000 0.000 0.172
0.000 89.77 0.000 0.000 94.53
0.026 0.214
40.94 95.76
0.329 0.066
95.64 84.93
0.154 0.232
91.82 94.38
0.348 0.404 0.049
94.15 97.16 79.01
0.150 0.143
93.01 72.35
0.115 0.129
88.44 89.91
0.192 0.201 0.265 0.019
71.22 77.59 96.08 60.07
0.356 0.226 0.011
96.23 85.17 44.25
22
0.314
0.103
0.011
(0.112, 0.516)
3.050⁎
9 4 9
0.414 −0.301 0.503
0.176 0.252 0.169
0.031 0.064 0.028
(0.070, 0.759) (−0.795, 0.194) (0.172, 0.833)
2.357⁎ −1.191 2.980⁎
3 7 12
0.413 0.535 0.183
0.301 0.217 0.155
0.090 0.047 0.024
(−0.177, 0.889) (0.111, 0.959) (−0.121, 0.742)
1.002 2.471⁎ 1.179
1 2 2 4 13
0.147 0.262 0.215 1.026 0.165
0.417 0.318 0.357 0.241 0.120
0.174 0.101 0.127 0.058 0.014
(−0.671, 0.964) (−0.362, 0.885) (−0.484, 0.913) (0.554, 1.499) (−0.069, 0.400)
0.352 0.822 0.602 4.258⁎ 1.384
8 14
0.636 0.155
0.177 0.124
0.031 0.015
(0.290, 0.983) (−0.088, 0.398)
3.598⁎ 1.251
Publication bias
7.502B
1.857B
10.54B
14 8
0.313 0.321
0.139 0.173
0.019 0.030
(0.042, 0.585) (−0.018, 0.659)
2.261⁎ 1.855
10 12
0.526 0.120
0.149 0.142
0.022 0.020
(0.235, 0.817) (−0.158, 0.399)
3.540⁎ 0.848
7 6 9
0.588 −0.170 0.448
0.198 0.206 0.169
0.039 0.042 0.029
(0.200, 0.976) (−0.573, 0.233) (0.116, 0.781)
2.970⁎ −0.828 2.646⁎
16 6
0.174 0.774
0.103 0.193
0.011 0.037
(−0.028, 0.377) (0.396, 1.152)
1.685 4.016⁎
4.969B
0.001
B
3.892B
8.090
B
7.522⁎,B
6 12
0.351 0.525
0.156 0.119
0.024 0.014
(0.045, 0.657) (0.293, 0.758)
2.248⁎ 4.431⁎
3 2 10 7
0.776 0.585 0.147 0.326
0.293 0.343 0.142 0.171
0.086 0.118 0.020 0.029
(0.201, 1.351) (−0.088, 1.258) (−0.131, 0.425) (−0.009, 0.662)
2.643⁎ 1.705 1.035 1.905
13 4 5
0.239 0.578 0.249
0.151 0.282 0.248
0.023 0.080 0.062
(−0.057, 0.535) (0.025, 1.130) (−0.152, 0.822)
1.585 2.049⁎ 1.350
0.791
B
4.490B
1.124B
Note. k = number of effect sizes. g = effect size (Hedges g). SE = standard error. s2 = variance. 95% C.I. = confidence intervals (lower limit, upper limit). Z = test of null hypothesis. τ2 = between study variance in random effects model. I2 = total variance unexplained by moderator. ⁎ Indicates p b .01. A Total Q-value used to determine heterogeneity. B Between Q-value used to determine significance between subgroups (α b 0.01).
342
S.J.H. Biddle et al. / Preventive Medicine 67 (2014) 340–342
Study name
Horne et al. 2007 Story et al. 2003 Klesges et al. 2010 Beech et al. 2003 Ernst and Pangrazi 1999 Baranowski et al. 2003 Pangrazi et al. 2003 Wright et al. 2013 Goran and Reynolds 2005 Verstraete et al. 2006 Ridgers et al. 2007 Loucaides et al. 2009 Rosenkranz et al. 2010 Gentile et al. 2009 French et al. 2005 Stevens et al. 2003 Manios et al. 2006 Bergh et al. 2012 Sallis et al. 1997 Bugge et al. 2012 Salmon et al. 2008 Huberty ey al. 2011
Subgroup within study Comparison
Combined Intervention Combined Combined Combined Intervention Combined Intervention Intervention Intervention Combined Combined Intervention Combined Intervention Combined Combined Intervention Combined Combined Combined Combined
Combined Control Combined Control Combined Control Control Control Control Control Combined Control Control Combined Control Combined Combined Control Control Combined Combined Combined
Outcome
Steps (pedometers) Combined Combined Combined PAQC PA Combined steps PA Combined Combined Combined Combined days per week of 60 mins MVPA Steps (pedometers) Weight-bearing PA score Physical activity score Combined PA counts Combined Combined MVPA MVPA
Hedges's g and 95% CI
Hedges's g
p-Value
1.406 1.160 1.140 0.929 0.772 0.723 0.545 0.411 0.388 0.349 0.291 0.273 0.225 0.217 0.191 0.181 0.146 0.124 0.110 0.090 -0.119 -2.137 0.312
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.054 0.000 0.005 0.169 0.067 0.002 0.090 0.337 0.026 0.591 0.000 0.125 0.131 0.175 0.264 0.195 0.000 0.002 -2.50
-1.25 Control Group
Fig. 2. Forest plot for adolescent girl's physical activity intervention.
0.00
1.25 Experimental Group
2.50
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Preventive Medicine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ypmed
Corrigendum
Corrigendum to “The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity among young girls: A meta-analysis” [Prev. Med. 62 (2014) 119–131] Stuart J.H. Biddle a,⁎, Rock Braithwaite b, Natalie Pearson a a b
School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK Department of Kinesiology and Recreation Administration, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, USA
The authors regret that there is an error of consistency between what is in the Abstract and text (both correct) and the printing of Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2 (all three are incorrect) for the above-referenced article. The incorrect items are from a previous version and contain 18 instead of the correct 22 samples analyzed. The interpretation and conclusion of the meta-analysis are unaffected. The authors apologize for these errors. The corrected tables and figure appear here: Table 2 Coding information for studies (K = 22) meeting inclusion criteria. Study
Baranowski et al. (2003) Beech et al. (2003) Bergh et al. (2012) Bugge et al. (2012) Ernst and Pangrazi (1999) French et al. (2005) Gentile et al. (2009) Goran and Reynolds (2005) Horne et al. (2009) Huberty et al. (2011) Klesges et al. (2010) Loucaides et al. (2009) Manios et al. (2006) Pangrazi et al. (2003) Ridgers et al. (2007) Rosenkranz et al. (2010) Sallis et al. (1997) Salmon et al. (2008) Stevens et al. (2003) Story et al. (2003) Verstraete et al. (2006) Wright et al. (2013)
Intervention characteristics
Sample characteristics
Study characteristics
Type
Focus
Level
Time
Follow-up
Theory
Quality
Population
N
Country
Setting
Measure
ED ED M M M ED M M M EN EN EN ED ED EN ED M ED ED ED EN M
PAD PAD PA PA PA PAD O PA PA O O PA PA PA PA PAD PA O PAD PAD PA PAD
I I S S C G S S S PA I S A S S G S C S I S S
1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1
N N N Y N N Y N Y N N Y Y N Y N N Y N N N Y
T T T A A T T T A T A A T A A T A T T T A A
H H L L M L H M M L H M L L M H M H M H M M
G G BG BG BG BG BG BG BG BG G BG BG BG BG G BG BG BG G BG BG
35 60 736 260 644a 296 1323 209 100 45 303 247 425 606 470 76 955 268 1447 54 235 190
US US W W US US US US W US US W W US W US US W US US W US
C C+ S+ S S C S S+ S S C S S+ S S C+ S+ S S S+ S S+
O M O O O S O O O O O O S O M M M O S O O O
Note. Type (intervention type): ED = educational, EN = environmental, M = multicomponent. Focus (intervention focus): O = obesity-related behaviors, PA = physical activity only, PAD = physical activity and diet. Level (level of randomization). C = class, I = individual, S = school, G = intact group. Time (intervention length): 1 = less than or equal to 12 weeks, 2 = greater than 12 weeks. Follow-up (intervention follow-up after post test): N = no, Y = yes. Theory (theoretical foundation): T = theoretical, A = atheoretical. Quality (study quality): L = low Delphi score b3, M = moderate Delphi score between 4 and 6, H = high quality Delphi score N6. Population (sample composition) BG = boys and girls, GO = girls only. Country (participants country of origin): US = United States, W = rest of the world. Setting (study setting): C = community, C+ = community and family, S = school-based, S+ = school and outside of school. Measure (study outcome measures) O = objective, M = objective & self-report, S = self report. a Minimum estimate of sample size.
DOI of original article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.02.009. ⁎ Corresponding author at: The NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK. E-mail address: [email protected] (S.J.H. Biddle).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.014 0091-7435/© 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
S.J.H. Biddle et al. / Preventive Medicine 67 (2014) 340–342
341
Table 3 Children's physical activity subgroup analyses. Subgroup variables
Effect size statistics k
Random effects modelA Intervention characteristicsB Intervention type Educational Environmental Multicomponent Intervention focus Obesity related PA and diet PA only Randomization level Area Class Girl scout Individual School Intervention time ≤12 weeks N12 weeks Intervention follow-up No Yes Theoretical approach Atheoretical Theoretical Intervention quality High Low Moderate Sample characteristicsB Population Boys and girls Girls only Country World US Study characteristicsB Setting Community Community + family School School + outside Measure Objective Objective & self-report Self-report
g
Null test
Heterogeneity statistics
SE
s2
95% C.I.
Z
Q
τ2
I2
Fail safe N
346.37⁎
0.199
93.94
545
0.067 1.174 0.174
82.43 98.11 93.17
0.414 0.088 0.263
97.78 73.38 95.04
0.000 0.376 0.000 0.000 0.172
0.000 89.77 0.000 0.000 94.53
0.026 0.214
40.94 95.76
0.329 0.066
95.64 84.93
0.154 0.232
91.82 94.38
0.348 0.404 0.049
94.15 97.16 79.01
0.150 0.143
93.01 72.35
0.115 0.129
88.44 89.91
0.192 0.201 0.265 0.019
71.22 77.59 96.08 60.07
0.356 0.226 0.011
96.23 85.17 44.25
22
0.314
0.103
0.011
(0.112, 0.516)
3.050⁎
9 4 9
0.414 −0.301 0.503
0.176 0.252 0.169
0.031 0.064 0.028
(0.070, 0.759) (−0.795, 0.194) (0.172, 0.833)
2.357⁎ −1.191 2.980⁎
3 7 12
0.413 0.535 0.183
0.301 0.217 0.155
0.090 0.047 0.024
(−0.177, 0.889) (0.111, 0.959) (−0.121, 0.742)
1.002 2.471⁎ 1.179
1 2 2 4 13
0.147 0.262 0.215 1.026 0.165
0.417 0.318 0.357 0.241 0.120
0.174 0.101 0.127 0.058 0.014
(−0.671, 0.964) (−0.362, 0.885) (−0.484, 0.913) (0.554, 1.499) (−0.069, 0.400)
0.352 0.822 0.602 4.258⁎ 1.384
8 14
0.636 0.155
0.177 0.124
0.031 0.015
(0.290, 0.983) (−0.088, 0.398)
3.598⁎ 1.251
Publication bias
7.502B
1.857B
10.54B
14 8
0.313 0.321
0.139 0.173
0.019 0.030
(0.042, 0.585) (−0.018, 0.659)
2.261⁎ 1.855
10 12
0.526 0.120
0.149 0.142
0.022 0.020
(0.235, 0.817) (−0.158, 0.399)
3.540⁎ 0.848
7 6 9
0.588 −0.170 0.448
0.198 0.206 0.169
0.039 0.042 0.029
(0.200, 0.976) (−0.573, 0.233) (0.116, 0.781)
2.970⁎ −0.828 2.646⁎
16 6
0.174 0.774
0.103 0.193
0.011 0.037
(−0.028, 0.377) (0.396, 1.152)
1.685 4.016⁎
4.969B
0.001
B
3.892B
8.090
B
7.522⁎,B
6 12
0.351 0.525
0.156 0.119
0.024 0.014
(0.045, 0.657) (0.293, 0.758)
2.248⁎ 4.431⁎
3 2 10 7
0.776 0.585 0.147 0.326
0.293 0.343 0.142 0.171
0.086 0.118 0.020 0.029
(0.201, 1.351) (−0.088, 1.258) (−0.131, 0.425) (−0.009, 0.662)
2.643⁎ 1.705 1.035 1.905
13 4 5
0.239 0.578 0.249
0.151 0.282 0.248
0.023 0.080 0.062
(−0.057, 0.535) (0.025, 1.130) (−0.152, 0.822)
1.585 2.049⁎ 1.350
0.791
B
4.490B
1.124B
Note. k = number of effect sizes. g = effect size (Hedges g). SE = standard error. s2 = variance. 95% C.I. = confidence intervals (lower limit, upper limit). Z = test of null hypothesis. τ2 = between study variance in random effects model. I2 = total variance unexplained by moderator. ⁎ Indicates p b .01. A Total Q-value used to determine heterogeneity. B Between Q-value used to determine significance between subgroups (α b 0.01).
342
S.J.H. Biddle et al. / Preventive Medicine 67 (2014) 340–342
Study name
Horne et al. 2007 Story et al. 2003 Klesges et al. 2010 Beech et al. 2003 Ernst and Pangrazi 1999 Baranowski et al. 2003 Pangrazi et al. 2003 Wright et al. 2013 Goran and Reynolds 2005 Verstraete et al. 2006 Ridgers et al. 2007 Loucaides et al. 2009 Rosenkranz et al. 2010 Gentile et al. 2009 French et al. 2005 Stevens et al. 2003 Manios et al. 2006 Bergh et al. 2012 Sallis et al. 1997 Bugge et al. 2012 Salmon et al. 2008 Huberty ey al. 2011
Subgroup within study Comparison
Combined Intervention Combined Combined Combined Intervention Combined Intervention Intervention Intervention Combined Combined Intervention Combined Intervention Combined Combined Intervention Combined Combined Combined Combined
Combined Control Combined Control Combined Control Control Control Control Control Combined Control Control Combined Control Combined Combined Control Control Combined Combined Combined
Outcome
Steps (pedometers) Combined Combined Combined PAQC PA Combined steps PA Combined Combined Combined Combined days per week of 60 mins MVPA Steps (pedometers) Weight-bearing PA score Physical activity score Combined PA counts Combined Combined MVPA MVPA
Hedges's g and 95% CI
Hedges's g
p-Value
1.406 1.160 1.140 0.929 0.772 0.723 0.545 0.411 0.388 0.349 0.291 0.273 0.225 0.217 0.191 0.181 0.146 0.124 0.110 0.090 -0.119 -2.137 0.312
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.054 0.000 0.005 0.169 0.067 0.002 0.090 0.337 0.026 0.591 0.000 0.125 0.131 0.175 0.264 0.195 0.000 0.002 -2.50
-1.25 Control Group
Fig. 2. Forest plot for adolescent girl's physical activity intervention.
0.00
1.25 Experimental Group
2.50