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CPSU slogans stress unity, hail China
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CPSU Slogans Stress Unity, Hail China CPSUAppeals and Slogans for 46th Anniversary The front page of Pravda of Oct. 17 is covered with log slogans and appeals for the 46th anniversary of the “Great October Socialist Revolution,” celebrated Nov. 7, signed “Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.” They are in effect the basic policy guidance for all CPSU members-indeed, for Communists and their “fellow-travellers” throughout the world who bear allegiance to the CPSU and the Soviet Government. The first thing that strikes the eye, especially against the strident cacophony of the Sino-Soviet dispute, is that Communist China is still not only included in this Communist protocol list but, as usual, occupies the foremost place among the countries mentioned. It is, moreover, followed immediately by Albania, which would be first if all the “ruling” Communist countries were listed in alphabetical order. Slogan No. 16 reads: “Fraternal greetings to the toilers of the Chinese People’s Republic, building socialism! Long live the eternal sacred friendship and cooperation between the great peoples of the Soviet Union and China!” Slogan No. 17 repeats the same sentiment with reference to Albania. Last on the list of “toilers” who are “building socialism” is Yugoslavia, under slogan No. 29, but in this protocol list it is referred to in the same terms as all other countries ruled by Communists other than the U.S.S.R.-which has already achieved socialism and is now engaged in building communism. Yugoslavia’s first post-Stalin appearance as a member of the “Socialist” fraternity was last April I I after Pravda published a “clarification” to its May Day slogans published April 8, m%. Very special treatment is accorded to Cuba. It is accorded two slogans rather than one, the first time since the passing of Stalin that a single undivided country has been given the two-slogan treatment: “23. Fraternal greetings to the heroic people of Cuba, who are building socialism, and selflessly defending the freedom and independence of their native land from the aggressive encroachments of American imperialists! Long live the Republic of Cuba! Long live the eternal, sacred friendship and cooperation between the Soviet and Cuban peoples! “24. Peoples of all the world! Fight to stop the provocations of the imperialists against revolutionary Cuba! Demand that the aggressive circles of U.S.A. repudiate their hostile activities against the freedom-loving Cuban people, their support of the counter-revolutionary elements, for without this it is impossible to achieve a genuine relaxation of international tensions! Hands off Cuba!” This is the first time since Stalin’s demise, moveover, that “fraternal greetings” have been followed by a separately numbered appeal to the “peoples of the world”; and, since this appeal is directed against “the aggressive
12
circles of U.S.A.,” its intent may well be to try to isolate Red China from the more radical and militant elements among the Communists of the world by assuming an aggressive stance against the “aggressive encroachments of American imperialists.” Similarly, in “ardent greetings to the heroic people of South Vietnam,” who are waging a ‘liberation struggle” for the “unification of their native land on democratic principles,” against the “venal, anti-national” [Diem] regime and “the armed intervention of American imperialism” (No. 32) and in “ardent greetings to the Japanese people” (No. 49) who are fighting for the “full independence of their country against American military bases, for peace and friendship with neighboring states,” the attempt is probably made to retain as many militant Communists as possible, especially in Asia, on the Soviet side of the dispute with China. In view of Chou-En-Lai’s recent statement that SinoSoviet “state” relations remain undamaged and the purported plans to convoke a world conference of Communist parties, the order in which the Communist-ruled countries are greeted may be of temporary, merely First on the list, as noted, is tactical significance. China, followed by Albania. Last on the list-13th in Bulgaria follows Albania, and order-is Yugoslavia. all the others follow in accordance with the Russian alphabet: Hungary, North Vietnam, East Germany, North Korea, Cuba, Mongolia, Poland, Rumania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. That is, Yugoslavia’s position seems to be due entirely to its place in the Russian alphabet while China’s first place is in accord with Communist political tradition. If and when the world conference takes place and in the event Communist China is cast out of the world Communist movement led by Moscow, its position will be re-evaluated; for the nonce the status quo is maintained. Meantime, unity is stressed by slogan No. 5-“Proletarians of all countries, unite!“; No. -/-“Long live the unity and solidarity of the great army of Communists of the world on the basis of the Declaration and the Statement of the Moscow conferences!” [the Moscow Declaration of the 12 ruling Communist Parties of November 1957, which Yugoslavia refused to sign, and the Statement of the 81 Communist Parties of November-December, 19601; slogans g and 15, the latter containing the phrase, “Long live the fraternal friendship and unity of the peoples of all the lands of socialism!” -as well as others. There is no intimation of a forthcoming split in any of the log anniversary slogans and appeals. Top priority, however, is given to the Moscow Treaty banning nuclear tests, which is hailed as “the first real step toward relaxation of international tensions.” Neither Communist China nor Albania are among the so6 countries that signed this treaty, nor is Cuba. But there is no mention of this salient fact in this list.
The United Arab Republic is singled out after overall greetings to all the Arab Countries, and so is Algeria. The African countries are accorded two greetings for all of them-one for those who have already liberated themselves from “colonial slavery” and another for those that are still struggling against it. Thirty-four of the log slogans (55 through Sg) are devoted to the tasks and problems of Soviet economy. Of these, g are concentrated on Soviet agriculture. Noteworthy also is the fact that, while the friendship of the peoples of England, the United States, France and Italy is appealed to in the interests of permanent peace, the Federal Republic of Germany is singled out in a separate appeal; this is made not to its “people” but rather to the “toilers and all progressive forces” in West Germany who are fighting against “militarism and the resurrection of fascism”-an approach that discriminates between the “people” as a whole and those elements who are in political accord with the aims of Soviet foreign policy. This is a divisive appeal, comparable to the appeals made over the head of a government to the potentially “dissident” or (hopefully) “revolutionary” elements in the country. Among the “unfinished business” of Soviet foreign policy aims mentioned are, of course, “general and complete disarmament” along with anti-militarism, anticolonialism, “conclusion of a German Peace Treaty and the transformation of West Berlin into a free demilitarized city,” as well as the anti-American positions in Cuba, South Vietnam and Japan. Noteworthy is the omission of Taiwan from this list of unfinished business. Does this mean that the Soviet Government is giving notice of its deftite disengagement from ventures by Mao’s China in that area? Its support of the Albanian motion for the seating of Communist China at the current session of the United Nations General Assembly has given rise to new speculations that the Soviet Government may not wish to see Communist China seated in that international body for reasons of its own-though the Soviet delegate’s speech in the General Assembly, as reported in the same issue of Pravda, gives no ground for such speculation.
“Marx”
Praises Cosmonauts
Jd~blntioufutd~r R ropmycb
mmwl
P~cyuor
Y, ~eu.aquoii ram,,,
mHe?iec &&,,,a,,~..
Karl Marx, grandfather of communism, is pictured in the heroic manner in this Communist cartoon as if he were congratulating the two recently married Soviet cosmonauts, Andrian Nikolaev and Valentina Tereshkova. The cartoon, reprinted in Pravda of Nov. 3 from an East German newspaper, has Marx telling the pair, “I am proud of you.” It was first published in Neues Deutschland (New Germany), official organ of the Socialist Unity (Communist) Party. the race were unwarranted. And basing national American policy on a misunderstood statement-as stories headlined “U. S. May Slow Moon Plan, With Russians Out of Race” and “Apollo Project in Trouble” (New York Times, Oct. 28) for example-is hardly in the best tradition of scholarship or statesmanship.
Khrushchev’s ‘Moon Race’ Statement Clarified
Sinkiang-A
Khrushchev’s statement on Soviet lunar flight plans was in essence, as follows: “It would be very interesting to make a flight to the moon. But at this time I am unable to say when it will be possible to carry it out. At the present time we are not planning the flight of cosmonauts to the moon, Soviet scientists are at work on this problem. They are studying it just as a scientific problem, conducting the necessary research . . . . “We do not wish to compete in sending people to the moon without thorough preparation . . . . Such competition would not be useful . . . . could only bring about the death of people . . . . For the necessary flight of man to the moon it will be necessary to work much, prepare well.“-Pravda, Oct. 2 7. Since the Soviet government had not previously announced that it had been racing the United States to the moon, the inferences that it was withdrawing from
As the Sino-Soviet dispute has intensified, many conflicting interests of the two Communist giants have been revealed. Recent developments in the areas of potential conflict along the S&o-Soviet borderland, especially in Sinkiang, are particularly interesting. An article in the Chinese Communist daily of Hong Kong, Ta-Kung Pao on Sept. 7 accused the Soviet Union of carrying out “through its organ and personnel in Sinkiang large-scale subversive activities in Iii to lure and intimidate tens of thousands of Chinese citizens to flee to Soviet territory” in April and May 1962. In countering this accusation, the Soviet Union warned China on Sept. 21 that “Chinese soldiers and civilians had systematically violated the Soviet border since 1960.” The statement said that 5,000 such violations were registered in 1962 alone. Sinkiang, cut off from metropolitan China by immense mountain ranges, is geographically and demo-
Zone of Sine-Soviet Tension
13
CPSU Slogans Stress Unity, Hail China CPSUAppeals and Slogans for 46th Anniversary The front page of Pravda of Oct. 17 is covered with log slogans and appeals for the 46th anniversary of the “Great October Socialist Revolution,” celebrated Nov. 7, signed “Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.” They are in effect the basic policy guidance for all CPSU members-indeed, for Communists and their “fellow-travellers” throughout the world who bear allegiance to the CPSU and the Soviet Government. The first thing that strikes the eye, especially against the strident cacophony of the Sino-Soviet dispute, is that Communist China is still not only included in this Communist protocol list but, as usual, occupies the foremost place among the countries mentioned. It is, moreover, followed immediately by Albania, which would be first if all the “ruling” Communist countries were listed in alphabetical order. Slogan No. 16 reads: “Fraternal greetings to the toilers of the Chinese People’s Republic, building socialism! Long live the eternal sacred friendship and cooperation between the great peoples of the Soviet Union and China!” Slogan No. 17 repeats the same sentiment with reference to Albania. Last on the list of “toilers” who are “building socialism” is Yugoslavia, under slogan No. 29, but in this protocol list it is referred to in the same terms as all other countries ruled by Communists other than the U.S.S.R.-which has already achieved socialism and is now engaged in building communism. Yugoslavia’s first post-Stalin appearance as a member of the “Socialist” fraternity was last April I I after Pravda published a “clarification” to its May Day slogans published April 8, m%. Very special treatment is accorded to Cuba. It is accorded two slogans rather than one, the first time since the passing of Stalin that a single undivided country has been given the two-slogan treatment: “23. Fraternal greetings to the heroic people of Cuba, who are building socialism, and selflessly defending the freedom and independence of their native land from the aggressive encroachments of American imperialists! Long live the Republic of Cuba! Long live the eternal, sacred friendship and cooperation between the Soviet and Cuban peoples! “24. Peoples of all the world! Fight to stop the provocations of the imperialists against revolutionary Cuba! Demand that the aggressive circles of U.S.A. repudiate their hostile activities against the freedom-loving Cuban people, their support of the counter-revolutionary elements, for without this it is impossible to achieve a genuine relaxation of international tensions! Hands off Cuba!” This is the first time since Stalin’s demise, moveover, that “fraternal greetings” have been followed by a separately numbered appeal to the “peoples of the world”; and, since this appeal is directed against “the aggressive
12
circles of U.S.A.,” its intent may well be to try to isolate Red China from the more radical and militant elements among the Communists of the world by assuming an aggressive stance against the “aggressive encroachments of American imperialists.” Similarly, in “ardent greetings to the heroic people of South Vietnam,” who are waging a ‘liberation struggle” for the “unification of their native land on democratic principles,” against the “venal, anti-national” [Diem] regime and “the armed intervention of American imperialism” (No. 32) and in “ardent greetings to the Japanese people” (No. 49) who are fighting for the “full independence of their country against American military bases, for peace and friendship with neighboring states,” the attempt is probably made to retain as many militant Communists as possible, especially in Asia, on the Soviet side of the dispute with China. In view of Chou-En-Lai’s recent statement that SinoSoviet “state” relations remain undamaged and the purported plans to convoke a world conference of Communist parties, the order in which the Communist-ruled countries are greeted may be of temporary, merely First on the list, as noted, is tactical significance. China, followed by Albania. Last on the list-13th in Bulgaria follows Albania, and order-is Yugoslavia. all the others follow in accordance with the Russian alphabet: Hungary, North Vietnam, East Germany, North Korea, Cuba, Mongolia, Poland, Rumania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. That is, Yugoslavia’s position seems to be due entirely to its place in the Russian alphabet while China’s first place is in accord with Communist political tradition. If and when the world conference takes place and in the event Communist China is cast out of the world Communist movement led by Moscow, its position will be re-evaluated; for the nonce the status quo is maintained. Meantime, unity is stressed by slogan No. 5-“Proletarians of all countries, unite!“; No. -/-“Long live the unity and solidarity of the great army of Communists of the world on the basis of the Declaration and the Statement of the Moscow conferences!” [the Moscow Declaration of the 12 ruling Communist Parties of November 1957, which Yugoslavia refused to sign, and the Statement of the 81 Communist Parties of November-December, 19601; slogans g and 15, the latter containing the phrase, “Long live the fraternal friendship and unity of the peoples of all the lands of socialism!” -as well as others. There is no intimation of a forthcoming split in any of the log anniversary slogans and appeals. Top priority, however, is given to the Moscow Treaty banning nuclear tests, which is hailed as “the first real step toward relaxation of international tensions.” Neither Communist China nor Albania are among the so6 countries that signed this treaty, nor is Cuba. But there is no mention of this salient fact in this list.
The United Arab Republic is singled out after overall greetings to all the Arab Countries, and so is Algeria. The African countries are accorded two greetings for all of them-one for those who have already liberated themselves from “colonial slavery” and another for those that are still struggling against it. Thirty-four of the log slogans (55 through Sg) are devoted to the tasks and problems of Soviet economy. Of these, g are concentrated on Soviet agriculture. Noteworthy also is the fact that, while the friendship of the peoples of England, the United States, France and Italy is appealed to in the interests of permanent peace, the Federal Republic of Germany is singled out in a separate appeal; this is made not to its “people” but rather to the “toilers and all progressive forces” in West Germany who are fighting against “militarism and the resurrection of fascism”-an approach that discriminates between the “people” as a whole and those elements who are in political accord with the aims of Soviet foreign policy. This is a divisive appeal, comparable to the appeals made over the head of a government to the potentially “dissident” or (hopefully) “revolutionary” elements in the country. Among the “unfinished business” of Soviet foreign policy aims mentioned are, of course, “general and complete disarmament” along with anti-militarism, anticolonialism, “conclusion of a German Peace Treaty and the transformation of West Berlin into a free demilitarized city,” as well as the anti-American positions in Cuba, South Vietnam and Japan. Noteworthy is the omission of Taiwan from this list of unfinished business. Does this mean that the Soviet Government is giving notice of its deftite disengagement from ventures by Mao’s China in that area? Its support of the Albanian motion for the seating of Communist China at the current session of the United Nations General Assembly has given rise to new speculations that the Soviet Government may not wish to see Communist China seated in that international body for reasons of its own-though the Soviet delegate’s speech in the General Assembly, as reported in the same issue of Pravda, gives no ground for such speculation.
“Marx”
Praises Cosmonauts
Jd~blntioufutd~r R ropmycb
mmwl
P~cyuor
Y, ~eu.aquoii ram,,,
mHe?iec &&,,,a,,~..
Karl Marx, grandfather of communism, is pictured in the heroic manner in this Communist cartoon as if he were congratulating the two recently married Soviet cosmonauts, Andrian Nikolaev and Valentina Tereshkova. The cartoon, reprinted in Pravda of Nov. 3 from an East German newspaper, has Marx telling the pair, “I am proud of you.” It was first published in Neues Deutschland (New Germany), official organ of the Socialist Unity (Communist) Party. the race were unwarranted. And basing national American policy on a misunderstood statement-as stories headlined “U. S. May Slow Moon Plan, With Russians Out of Race” and “Apollo Project in Trouble” (New York Times, Oct. 28) for example-is hardly in the best tradition of scholarship or statesmanship.
Khrushchev’s ‘Moon Race’ Statement Clarified
Sinkiang-A
Khrushchev’s statement on Soviet lunar flight plans was in essence, as follows: “It would be very interesting to make a flight to the moon. But at this time I am unable to say when it will be possible to carry it out. At the present time we are not planning the flight of cosmonauts to the moon, Soviet scientists are at work on this problem. They are studying it just as a scientific problem, conducting the necessary research . . . . “We do not wish to compete in sending people to the moon without thorough preparation . . . . Such competition would not be useful . . . . could only bring about the death of people . . . . For the necessary flight of man to the moon it will be necessary to work much, prepare well.“-Pravda, Oct. 2 7. Since the Soviet government had not previously announced that it had been racing the United States to the moon, the inferences that it was withdrawing from
As the Sino-Soviet dispute has intensified, many conflicting interests of the two Communist giants have been revealed. Recent developments in the areas of potential conflict along the S&o-Soviet borderland, especially in Sinkiang, are particularly interesting. An article in the Chinese Communist daily of Hong Kong, Ta-Kung Pao on Sept. 7 accused the Soviet Union of carrying out “through its organ and personnel in Sinkiang large-scale subversive activities in Iii to lure and intimidate tens of thousands of Chinese citizens to flee to Soviet territory” in April and May 1962. In countering this accusation, the Soviet Union warned China on Sept. 21 that “Chinese soldiers and civilians had systematically violated the Soviet border since 1960.” The statement said that 5,000 such violations were registered in 1962 alone. Sinkiang, cut off from metropolitan China by immense mountain ranges, is geographically and demo-
Zone of Sine-Soviet Tension
13