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Crystallization behaviour and mechanical properties of polypropylene based composites
The squeeze inrdtration process for fabrication of metal-matrix composites Clyne, T. W. and Mason, J. F. Metallurgical
Dynamic dieletric analysis: a non-destructive quality assurance monitor of resin processing properties Hoffman, R. D., Godfrey, J. J., Kranbuehl, D. E., Weller, L. and Hoff, M. Journal of
energy dissipation and a lowering of proportional limits. TMA showed that volatiles were generated on heating irradiated materials.
A detailed analysis of the squeeze infiltration process for the fabrication of metal-matrix composites is presented. The elastic deformation, fracture behaviour and melt infiltration characteristics of an assembly of fine 6-alumina fibres in a random planar array in an aluminium-based melt are investigated. The predictions of a finite difference model describing heat flow and solidification in the system were found to be broadly consistent with experimental observations. Recommendations are made for the optimization of microstructures through control of processing parameters.
Reinforced Plastics and Composites Vol 6 (July 1987) pp 223-233
On the effect of matrix cracks on laminate strength Sun, C. T. and Jen, K. C. Journal of
RESIN MA TRICES
Dynamic fracture toughness testing of epoxy resin filled with SiO2 particles Kobayashi, T., Koide, Y., Daicho, Y. and Ikeda, D. Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Transactions A Vol 18A (August 1987) pp. 1519-1530
The carbon fiber-epoxy interface Piggott, M. R. and Andison, D. Journal of
Reinforced Plastics and Composites Vol 6 (July 1987) pp. 290-302 Fibre pull-out experiments have been performed on embedded lengths of Hercules AS1 fibres in epoxy and epoxy copolymer resin blocks. Three modes of interface failure were identified and were tentatively associated with the magnitude of shrinkage stresses. Brittle fracture (mode I, 2 5 J m "2) was found to occur at intermediate shrinkage stresses, shear yielding (mode II, shear stress = 50 MPa) occurred at the highest shrinkage stress and the length-independent fracture (mode III, 50J m -2) was associated with the lowest shrinkage stress. Crystalfization behaviour and mechanical properties of polypropylene based composites Avella, M., Martuscelli, E., Sellitti, C. and Garagnani, E. Journal of Materials Science
Vo122 No 9 (September 1987) pp 3185-3193 The influence of glass fibres on spherullite nucleation is investigated using hot-stage optical microscopy to measure radial growth rate and DSC to measure the overall kinetic rate constant. The fibre volume fraction of the composites is varied and the matrix is modified with acrylic acid to promote fibre/ matrix adhesion. Tensile strength, creep and impact properties are found to improve with Vf and, in modified-matrix composites, this improvement is correlated with the superior fibre/matrix bond promoted by the addition of acrylic acid.
COMPOSITES. MARCH 1988
Dynamic dielectric analysis (DDA) measurements were made with specially designed microprobes which maintained constant geometry over all measurement conditions, enabling the calculation of the complex permittivity from measurements of capacitance, C, and conductance, G. This was carried out over the entire cure process continuously for a polyester resin from monomeric liquid to a cross-linked insoluble solid. It was concluded that D D A is a powerful technique for monitoring processing and developing precise quality assurance control for polyester resins.
Vol 28 No 1 (1987) p 21 The dynamic fracture toughness of an epoxy containing 64% silica particles has been investigated using an instrumented Charpytype impact test and the absorbed energy method. The effect of crack depth and radius was studied. Good agreement was obtained using both methods. The variation of fracture toughness with notch root radius was found to obey the theoretical relationship presented by Williams. Influence of electron radiation and temperature on the cyclic matrix dominated response of graphite-epoxy Reed, S. M., Herakovich, C. T. and Sykes, Jr, G. F. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and
Composites Vol 6 (July 1987) pp 234-252 A standard graphite-epoxy unidirectional composite (T300/934) and a chemically modified (T300/M4720/DDS) composite were subjected, under vacuum, to 1.0 x 10 l° rads of 1.0MeV electron irradiation to simulate 30 years in geosynchronous orbit. The response of the systems was evaluated through cyclic tension tests, dynamic mechanical and thermomechanical analysis (DMA and TMA) on specimens of [45]°4 and [90]°4 orientation. Both room temperature and elevated temperature tests were conducted. It was found that both systems were affected by irradiation, resulting in a lowering of the glass transition temperature and energy dissipation at room temperature. At elevated temperatures both materials showed greater
Reinforced Plastics and Composites Vol 6 (July 1987) pp 208-222 The magnitude of the effect of transverse matrix cracks in a lamina on the load-bearing capacity of the adjacent plies has been investigated for [0,90]s and [90,0Is glass/ epoxy laminates. The effect of the presence of 'soft' films of Cyanamid FM1000 in between laminae was also investigated, in order to isolate the effect of matrix cracks. The use of these layers was found to increase the laminate strength by about 30%. Experimental crack saturation densities agreed well with those predicted using finite element analysis. Rubber-modified polymer composites Andreopoulos, A. G. and Papanicolaou, G.
C. Journal of Materials Science Vo122 No 9 (September 1987) pp 3417-3420 Mechanical properties are measured as a function of rubber content in a styrenebutadiene rubber modified PMMA matrix composite reinforced with PMMA beads. Tensile strength and modulus decrease with increasing rubber content for a relatively low rubber content, whilst compression and impact strength first increase and then decrease with addition of rubber. These effects may be due to the amount of rubber and the techniques used to incorporate it. A high rubber content may lead to a semicontinuous phase, whereas at lower rubber contents good dispersion results in an optimized particle size distribution and hence optimum properties. Tensile and compressive notched strength of PEEK matrix composite laminates Tan, S. C. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and
Composites Vol 6 (July 1987) pp 253-267 The first ply failure (FPF) criterion is successfully applied to predict the notch strength of quasi-isotropic and orthotropic laminates of XAS/APC-1 and AS4/APC-2 laminates containing a circular opening or a slanted crack. Tests were performed in a quasi-static manner under uniaxial tension and compression. In some cases, when characteristic dimensions were expressed in a two-parameter form, excellent agreement with predicted notched strength was obtained.
171
Dynamic dieletric analysis: a non-destructive quality assurance monitor of resin processing properties Hoffman, R. D., Godfrey, J. J., Kranbuehl, D. E., Weller, L. and Hoff, M. Journal of
energy dissipation and a lowering of proportional limits. TMA showed that volatiles were generated on heating irradiated materials.
A detailed analysis of the squeeze infiltration process for the fabrication of metal-matrix composites is presented. The elastic deformation, fracture behaviour and melt infiltration characteristics of an assembly of fine 6-alumina fibres in a random planar array in an aluminium-based melt are investigated. The predictions of a finite difference model describing heat flow and solidification in the system were found to be broadly consistent with experimental observations. Recommendations are made for the optimization of microstructures through control of processing parameters.
Reinforced Plastics and Composites Vol 6 (July 1987) pp 223-233
On the effect of matrix cracks on laminate strength Sun, C. T. and Jen, K. C. Journal of
RESIN MA TRICES
Dynamic fracture toughness testing of epoxy resin filled with SiO2 particles Kobayashi, T., Koide, Y., Daicho, Y. and Ikeda, D. Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Transactions A Vol 18A (August 1987) pp. 1519-1530
The carbon fiber-epoxy interface Piggott, M. R. and Andison, D. Journal of
Reinforced Plastics and Composites Vol 6 (July 1987) pp. 290-302 Fibre pull-out experiments have been performed on embedded lengths of Hercules AS1 fibres in epoxy and epoxy copolymer resin blocks. Three modes of interface failure were identified and were tentatively associated with the magnitude of shrinkage stresses. Brittle fracture (mode I, 2 5 J m "2) was found to occur at intermediate shrinkage stresses, shear yielding (mode II, shear stress = 50 MPa) occurred at the highest shrinkage stress and the length-independent fracture (mode III, 50J m -2) was associated with the lowest shrinkage stress. Crystalfization behaviour and mechanical properties of polypropylene based composites Avella, M., Martuscelli, E., Sellitti, C. and Garagnani, E. Journal of Materials Science
Vo122 No 9 (September 1987) pp 3185-3193 The influence of glass fibres on spherullite nucleation is investigated using hot-stage optical microscopy to measure radial growth rate and DSC to measure the overall kinetic rate constant. The fibre volume fraction of the composites is varied and the matrix is modified with acrylic acid to promote fibre/ matrix adhesion. Tensile strength, creep and impact properties are found to improve with Vf and, in modified-matrix composites, this improvement is correlated with the superior fibre/matrix bond promoted by the addition of acrylic acid.
COMPOSITES. MARCH 1988
Dynamic dielectric analysis (DDA) measurements were made with specially designed microprobes which maintained constant geometry over all measurement conditions, enabling the calculation of the complex permittivity from measurements of capacitance, C, and conductance, G. This was carried out over the entire cure process continuously for a polyester resin from monomeric liquid to a cross-linked insoluble solid. It was concluded that D D A is a powerful technique for monitoring processing and developing precise quality assurance control for polyester resins.
Vol 28 No 1 (1987) p 21 The dynamic fracture toughness of an epoxy containing 64% silica particles has been investigated using an instrumented Charpytype impact test and the absorbed energy method. The effect of crack depth and radius was studied. Good agreement was obtained using both methods. The variation of fracture toughness with notch root radius was found to obey the theoretical relationship presented by Williams. Influence of electron radiation and temperature on the cyclic matrix dominated response of graphite-epoxy Reed, S. M., Herakovich, C. T. and Sykes, Jr, G. F. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and
Composites Vol 6 (July 1987) pp 234-252 A standard graphite-epoxy unidirectional composite (T300/934) and a chemically modified (T300/M4720/DDS) composite were subjected, under vacuum, to 1.0 x 10 l° rads of 1.0MeV electron irradiation to simulate 30 years in geosynchronous orbit. The response of the systems was evaluated through cyclic tension tests, dynamic mechanical and thermomechanical analysis (DMA and TMA) on specimens of [45]°4 and [90]°4 orientation. Both room temperature and elevated temperature tests were conducted. It was found that both systems were affected by irradiation, resulting in a lowering of the glass transition temperature and energy dissipation at room temperature. At elevated temperatures both materials showed greater
Reinforced Plastics and Composites Vol 6 (July 1987) pp 208-222 The magnitude of the effect of transverse matrix cracks in a lamina on the load-bearing capacity of the adjacent plies has been investigated for [0,90]s and [90,0Is glass/ epoxy laminates. The effect of the presence of 'soft' films of Cyanamid FM1000 in between laminae was also investigated, in order to isolate the effect of matrix cracks. The use of these layers was found to increase the laminate strength by about 30%. Experimental crack saturation densities agreed well with those predicted using finite element analysis. Rubber-modified polymer composites Andreopoulos, A. G. and Papanicolaou, G.
C. Journal of Materials Science Vo122 No 9 (September 1987) pp 3417-3420 Mechanical properties are measured as a function of rubber content in a styrenebutadiene rubber modified PMMA matrix composite reinforced with PMMA beads. Tensile strength and modulus decrease with increasing rubber content for a relatively low rubber content, whilst compression and impact strength first increase and then decrease with addition of rubber. These effects may be due to the amount of rubber and the techniques used to incorporate it. A high rubber content may lead to a semicontinuous phase, whereas at lower rubber contents good dispersion results in an optimized particle size distribution and hence optimum properties. Tensile and compressive notched strength of PEEK matrix composite laminates Tan, S. C. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and
Composites Vol 6 (July 1987) pp 253-267 The first ply failure (FPF) criterion is successfully applied to predict the notch strength of quasi-isotropic and orthotropic laminates of XAS/APC-1 and AS4/APC-2 laminates containing a circular opening or a slanted crack. Tests were performed in a quasi-static manner under uniaxial tension and compression. In some cases, when characteristic dimensions were expressed in a two-parameter form, excellent agreement with predicted notched strength was obtained.
171