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Current measuring circuit for piezoelectric crystals
RICHTER,
YABLONIK,
H. U.
I.. M.
Comparative ultrasonic magnetic and electric examinations on hammer-forced crankshafts. Materialpriifung, 12, No. 4, p. 445 (1962) Many ultrasonic non-destructive tests carried out on unfinished crankshafts, the results of which were later verified by other methods on finished products, have established an acceptance guide. By means of specially prepared charts it is possible to determine the location and approximate size of the flaw thus saving considerably on rejects. (18 figures, 2 tables and 12 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 71)
Flow assessment in ultrasonic shadow detection method. Zavodska,ya Lab., 39, No. 1, p. 46 (1963) A mathematical analysis of the ultrasound field distribution on the transmitter-object-receiver axis using both pulse and continuous ‘wave transmission is given. The formula evolved for the approximate evaluation of circular defects can also be applied in estimating the sensitivity of shadow method applied to great thicknesses of material. The theoretical predictions :agree well with the experimental results. (1 graph and 3 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 76)
R. s., and AVEYARD, s. The visualization of an ultrasonic extinction method in course-grained uranium. Applied Materials Research, I, No. 3, p. 170 (1962) It is of great importance to study the grain size of certain materials such as cast uranium fuel rods, and since attenuation of ultrasound pulses is linked to the grain size of that material, methods of testing based on this effect have been developed by A.E.IR.E. By suitably recording, positioning and masking the transducers, and by the use of specially constructed perspex/resin models to simulate the grain structure, useful information can be obtained. This method also suggests a number of potential uses for applying ultrasonic transmission techniques to the study of variation in metallurgical structure. (10 figures and 20 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 72)
Standardization in non-destructive testing. The Production Engineer, 41, No. 12, p. 735 (1962), 42, No. 1, p. 17 (1963) 42, No. 2, p. 84 (1963) Ten papers presented by Harrogate Symposium on Standardization in Non-Destructive Testing have been published in three consecutive editions of The Production Engineer. The impressive growth of ultrasonic testing in recent years, now accepted as routine, is adequately represented by many contributors and supported by numerous tables, references and diagrams. (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 77)
SHARPE,
SHRATBER,
D.
S.
Method of interpreting the display in ultrasound pulse-echo detector. Zavodskaya Lab., 39, No. 1, p. 41 (1963) In practical non-destructive testing the oscilloscope trace often displays spurious signals in addition to the required information. The author analyses a number of cases giving rise to spurious echoes which make interpretation of defects more difficult. By means of a simple geometrical diagram it is suggested not only how these can be eliminated but also how to utilize the stray signals to gain additional information about the specimens using the time base in combination with normal and angle probes. (9 diagrams) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 73) SHUTILOV,
V.
A.
Ultrasonic magnetic nuclear resonance review. Akust. Zh., 8, No. 4, p. 383 (1962) Among the many methods used in the study of material structure, measuring the attenuation of sound is gaining in importance. It giv’es valuable information not only about the properties of nuclear spin systems but also about their interaction with nearby nuclei and is therefore a most powerful tool for determining molecular structure. The survey is thorough and lengthy, giving theory as well as methods and experimental results, and is supported by formulae, many graphs, tables and references. (5 figures, 2 tables and 58 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 74) c. N., POYNTON, F. Y., and SAYERS, J. F. The ultrasound image camera. Proceedings I.E.E., 110, No. 1, p. 16 (1963) The authors describe an experimental ultrasonic image camera., the working principles of which are similar to those of a television camera; although it is sensitive to sound waves not light waves. It enables a visible image to be reproduced of the ultrasonic intensity distribution on the camera. face. It has applications in non-destructive material testing as well as medical diagnosis. Sensitivity at the camera face is lo-;’ W/cm2 and resolution is in the order of 0.5 mm at 4 MC/S. Further research and development is also considered. (13 figures, 4 tables and 57 references) (lJltras,onics 1963, abstract 75) SMYTH,
Discussions on the application of ultrasound (in the textile industry). Textif ‘naia prom., 23, No. 1, p. 69 (1963) For some years the above journal has been publishing technical articles and discussions on the application of ultrasound in textile industry. This edition contains the last five contributions, including a technical paper on dispersion of pigments with ultrasound by L. H. Smirnova and A. B. Tiuvin and a recommendation by a special commission. In view of the wide divergence of opinion about the u:ses of ultrasound in textile industry this question was submitted for consideration by the Ministry of Coordination of Scientific Research whose commission for the introduction of progressive technology and new methods of production has produced its final findings and recommendations. (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 78)
Ultrasonic thermometer for accurate measurement of very low temperatures. Research and Development, 18, p. 40, February 1963. The National Bureau of Standards has developed an ultrasonic thermometer to work in the range of 4 to 14”K, which is based on accurate measurement of the velocity of sound. (3 references and 1 graph) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 79)
Current measuring circuit for piezoelectric crystals. Research and Development, 18, p. 37 (February 1963) A new accurate electronic method has been developed for measuring the crystal currents using a balanced bridge circuit with two thermocouples. The instrument can be used for measurement of the elastic constants of piezoelectric crystals and for determining ultrasonic velocities in liquids by the liquid film method. (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 80)
Four short articles. Akust. Zh., 8, No. 4 (1962) (1) GLINSKII, A. A., “Ultrasonic wave propagation in compressed liquids.” (2) MICHAILOV, I. G., “Absorption of ultrasonic waves in concentrated solutions of some polymers.” (3) MOSKOVENKO, I. B., et al., “Electrization of suspensions of colloidal particles in an ultrasonic field.” (4) NEDJUXII, S. A., “On the state of emulsion disperse phase in the process of its formation in the acoustic field.” (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 81)
ULTRASONICS/Apri~-June 1963
ABSTRACTS
8
YABLONIK,
H. U.
I.. M.
Comparative ultrasonic magnetic and electric examinations on hammer-forced crankshafts. Materialpriifung, 12, No. 4, p. 445 (1962) Many ultrasonic non-destructive tests carried out on unfinished crankshafts, the results of which were later verified by other methods on finished products, have established an acceptance guide. By means of specially prepared charts it is possible to determine the location and approximate size of the flaw thus saving considerably on rejects. (18 figures, 2 tables and 12 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 71)
Flow assessment in ultrasonic shadow detection method. Zavodska,ya Lab., 39, No. 1, p. 46 (1963) A mathematical analysis of the ultrasound field distribution on the transmitter-object-receiver axis using both pulse and continuous ‘wave transmission is given. The formula evolved for the approximate evaluation of circular defects can also be applied in estimating the sensitivity of shadow method applied to great thicknesses of material. The theoretical predictions :agree well with the experimental results. (1 graph and 3 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 76)
R. s., and AVEYARD, s. The visualization of an ultrasonic extinction method in course-grained uranium. Applied Materials Research, I, No. 3, p. 170 (1962) It is of great importance to study the grain size of certain materials such as cast uranium fuel rods, and since attenuation of ultrasound pulses is linked to the grain size of that material, methods of testing based on this effect have been developed by A.E.IR.E. By suitably recording, positioning and masking the transducers, and by the use of specially constructed perspex/resin models to simulate the grain structure, useful information can be obtained. This method also suggests a number of potential uses for applying ultrasonic transmission techniques to the study of variation in metallurgical structure. (10 figures and 20 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 72)
Standardization in non-destructive testing. The Production Engineer, 41, No. 12, p. 735 (1962), 42, No. 1, p. 17 (1963) 42, No. 2, p. 84 (1963) Ten papers presented by Harrogate Symposium on Standardization in Non-Destructive Testing have been published in three consecutive editions of The Production Engineer. The impressive growth of ultrasonic testing in recent years, now accepted as routine, is adequately represented by many contributors and supported by numerous tables, references and diagrams. (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 77)
SHARPE,
SHRATBER,
D.
S.
Method of interpreting the display in ultrasound pulse-echo detector. Zavodskaya Lab., 39, No. 1, p. 41 (1963) In practical non-destructive testing the oscilloscope trace often displays spurious signals in addition to the required information. The author analyses a number of cases giving rise to spurious echoes which make interpretation of defects more difficult. By means of a simple geometrical diagram it is suggested not only how these can be eliminated but also how to utilize the stray signals to gain additional information about the specimens using the time base in combination with normal and angle probes. (9 diagrams) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 73) SHUTILOV,
V.
A.
Ultrasonic magnetic nuclear resonance review. Akust. Zh., 8, No. 4, p. 383 (1962) Among the many methods used in the study of material structure, measuring the attenuation of sound is gaining in importance. It giv’es valuable information not only about the properties of nuclear spin systems but also about their interaction with nearby nuclei and is therefore a most powerful tool for determining molecular structure. The survey is thorough and lengthy, giving theory as well as methods and experimental results, and is supported by formulae, many graphs, tables and references. (5 figures, 2 tables and 58 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 74) c. N., POYNTON, F. Y., and SAYERS, J. F. The ultrasound image camera. Proceedings I.E.E., 110, No. 1, p. 16 (1963) The authors describe an experimental ultrasonic image camera., the working principles of which are similar to those of a television camera; although it is sensitive to sound waves not light waves. It enables a visible image to be reproduced of the ultrasonic intensity distribution on the camera. face. It has applications in non-destructive material testing as well as medical diagnosis. Sensitivity at the camera face is lo-;’ W/cm2 and resolution is in the order of 0.5 mm at 4 MC/S. Further research and development is also considered. (13 figures, 4 tables and 57 references) (lJltras,onics 1963, abstract 75) SMYTH,
Discussions on the application of ultrasound (in the textile industry). Textif ‘naia prom., 23, No. 1, p. 69 (1963) For some years the above journal has been publishing technical articles and discussions on the application of ultrasound in textile industry. This edition contains the last five contributions, including a technical paper on dispersion of pigments with ultrasound by L. H. Smirnova and A. B. Tiuvin and a recommendation by a special commission. In view of the wide divergence of opinion about the u:ses of ultrasound in textile industry this question was submitted for consideration by the Ministry of Coordination of Scientific Research whose commission for the introduction of progressive technology and new methods of production has produced its final findings and recommendations. (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 78)
Ultrasonic thermometer for accurate measurement of very low temperatures. Research and Development, 18, p. 40, February 1963. The National Bureau of Standards has developed an ultrasonic thermometer to work in the range of 4 to 14”K, which is based on accurate measurement of the velocity of sound. (3 references and 1 graph) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 79)
Current measuring circuit for piezoelectric crystals. Research and Development, 18, p. 37 (February 1963) A new accurate electronic method has been developed for measuring the crystal currents using a balanced bridge circuit with two thermocouples. The instrument can be used for measurement of the elastic constants of piezoelectric crystals and for determining ultrasonic velocities in liquids by the liquid film method. (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 80)
Four short articles. Akust. Zh., 8, No. 4 (1962) (1) GLINSKII, A. A., “Ultrasonic wave propagation in compressed liquids.” (2) MICHAILOV, I. G., “Absorption of ultrasonic waves in concentrated solutions of some polymers.” (3) MOSKOVENKO, I. B., et al., “Electrization of suspensions of colloidal particles in an ultrasonic field.” (4) NEDJUXII, S. A., “On the state of emulsion disperse phase in the process of its formation in the acoustic field.” (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 81)
ULTRASONICS/Apri~-June 1963
ABSTRACTS
8