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Cytological observations on two planktonic Foraminifera, Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny, 1826, and Globigerinoides ruber (d'Orbigny, 1839), Cushman, 1827.
Oceanographic Abstracts
777
Basin. There are also similarities to a Japanese Lucinoma-Prionospio occurrence. The biological evidence is not inconsistent with the possibility that an almost complete dying off of the fauna may occasionally occur in the inner basin with subsequent replenishment by pelagic larvae from outside. The fauna is generally similar to that recorded for other Western Southland fiords. JASTRESOV(I~,s'rREBOv)W.S., 1965. Electrohydraulic servod.rive intended for sea works. Electronic instruments for oceanographic investigations. (In Russian; English abstract). Trudy Inst. Okeanol., Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 74: 67-76. An equation for electrohydraulic servosystem control is deduced and its stability is verified. Results of experiments on the servodrive working quality are given. JASTREBOV(IAs'rg~sov) W. S., t965. The foreign distance-type submarine manipulators. Electronic instruments for oceanographic investigations. (In Russian, English abstract). Trudy Inst. Okeanol., Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 74: 77-81. A critical estimation of the characteristics of foreign submarine manipulators is given. Their application is considered. ~¢~kTZ B., R. GERARD and M. COSTIN, 1965. Response of dye tracers to sea surface conditions. J. geophys. Res., 70 (22): 5505-5513. Analysis of aerial photographs of a number of sea surface dye tracer experiments has revealed two features of the surface circulation: a modified Ekman-type drift current and a system of helical current vortexes having axes which are horizontal and nearly parallel to the wind. These data also indicate that there is a strong correlation between wind, sea state, and the development of a patch of dye. These factors, as well as random eddies, may thus be important in spreading a contaminant at the sea surface. K~s'r~ER A. P., 1965. Electromagnetic wave flow velocity meter FMK-2. Electronic instruments for oceanographic investigations. (In Russian; English abstract). Trudy Inst. Okeanol. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 74: 28-32. An instrument is described with a self-containing electric current. Methods for recording bottom water velocity under the action of wave flow are also discussed. KIMBALL J. F. JR. and E. J. FERGUSONWOOD, 1965. A dinoflagellate with characters of G>'mno-
dinium and Gyrodinium. J. Protozool., 12 (4): 557-580.
An organism was isolated which in the first instance appeared to be Gymnodinium mirabile and in subsequent cultures took on characteristics similar to those of Gyrodinium fissure. It is not kno~aa at present whether the pleomorphism exhibited by this strain is frequent among the naked flagellates, but this finding raises the question of whether naked dinoflagellates can be identified by examination of collected samples, whether living or preser-,'ed, or whether culture studies are necessary for all such identifications. KOnMA SnuMr,~I, 1965. Studies on fishing conditions of the dolphin, Coryphaena hippurus L., in the western regions of the Sea of Japan. X. Results on tagging experiment. (In Japanese; English abstract). Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 31 (8): 575-578. Coryphaena hippurus is one of the important warm water fish to migrate into the adjacent seas of Japan. This species is attracted by clusters of floating algae or bamboo rafts used as artificial shelters. Of the catch from the bamboo rafts (" shira-zuke" fishery), 132 fishes (40--75 cm in fork length) were tagged and released during the periods from August to October in 1962 and in 1963. The results are based on 36 fish are recovered up to January 1964: These were all fished from beneath the bamboo rafts or clusters of'floating algae. The recovery rate averaged 27.2~., but it was as high as 44~. in September. The fish were recovered within an area extending from the East China Sea to the neighbourhood of Noto Peninsula, Japan Sea. Some 67 ~ were caught within 30 nautical miles o f shore; 72% of them were caught within 10 days after released. The dolphin seems to migrate northward until September and then starts southward the later part of the month. A part of the population tends to enter the East China Sea through the Tsushima Straits. LEE J. JOl¢~, H U G O FP.E~rD~NTHAL, VICTOR KOSSOY and ALLAN :B~, 1965. Cytological obse~'ations on two planktonic Foraminifera, Globigerina buUoides d'Orbigny, 1826, and Globigerinoides ruber (d'Orbigny, 1839), Cushman, 1827. J. Protozool., 12 (4): 531-542. Globigerina bulloides and Globigerinoides ruber, two pelagic foraminifera from the North Atlantic, were fixed in modified Zenker or Bouin solutions directlyaftercollectionand studied cytochemically. They have two unusual organelles: a vesicularsystem and an organelle provisionallynamed a" crypto. some." The vesicular system occurs chiefly in the newest formed chambers and consists of a pair of intertwined tubules with helical fine structure which terminate in a bouquet o f approximately 20 vesicles or loops. The function of this system is unknown. The detailed morphology of the vesicular system is different in each species. The cryptosome is a structure which varies greatly in its morphology. It is better developed in G. bulloides than it is in G. tuber. At times a cryptosome may
778
Oceanographic Abstracts
occupy up to ~ of the protoplasm of a chamber. In Himes-Moribcr-stained preparations cryptosomes stain with naphthol yellow S and contain within them an azure A-Schifl" staining spongy reticulum. Both of the pelagic Foraminifera studied are heterokaryotic. Agamounts of G. tuber may have a graded series of nuclear sizes but those of G. bulloidea typically have a single somatic nucleus. The zooxanthellae of (7. tuber are similar to Symbiodinium microadriaticum and may collectively occupy almost ~ the volume of a chamber. LEwis JOHN B., 1965. A preliminary description of some marine benthic communities from Barbados, West Indies. Canad.$. ZooL, 43 (6): I049--197L The benthic communities between 50 and 400 m are,: ~cribed. Three community groupings were observed: a sponge and coral community between 50 and 150 m; a rich and diverse community of coelenterates, molluscs, and echinoderms, between 100 and 300 m; and a community dominated by molluscs, between 300 and 400 m. M,~rroN I. and M. PAgr~, 1965. Observations on the fine structure of two species of Platymonas with special reference to flagellar scales and the mode of origin of the theca..i., mar. bioL Ass., U.1C, 45 (3): 743-754. The morphology and microanatomy of two species of Platymonas have been investigated and certain stages of cell division studied. The anatomical features closely resemble those recently described for the motile phase of Prasinocladus except for characteristic differences in pyrenoid structure (cf. Parke & Manton, 1965). The flagella of Platymonas are indistinguishable from those of Prasinoeladus, being covered with two layers of scales beneath a layer of structureless mucus which obscures their presence except in sections. Caducous hairs resembling those of Prasinocladus and related genera are also borne on the flagella. An observation of exceptional importance concerns the production of the new theca round each of the two daughter
777
Basin. There are also similarities to a Japanese Lucinoma-Prionospio occurrence. The biological evidence is not inconsistent with the possibility that an almost complete dying off of the fauna may occasionally occur in the inner basin with subsequent replenishment by pelagic larvae from outside. The fauna is generally similar to that recorded for other Western Southland fiords. JASTRESOV(I~,s'rREBOv)W.S., 1965. Electrohydraulic servod.rive intended for sea works. Electronic instruments for oceanographic investigations. (In Russian; English abstract). Trudy Inst. Okeanol., Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 74: 67-76. An equation for electrohydraulic servosystem control is deduced and its stability is verified. Results of experiments on the servodrive working quality are given. JASTREBOV(IAs'rg~sov) W. S., t965. The foreign distance-type submarine manipulators. Electronic instruments for oceanographic investigations. (In Russian, English abstract). Trudy Inst. Okeanol., Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 74: 77-81. A critical estimation of the characteristics of foreign submarine manipulators is given. Their application is considered. ~¢~kTZ B., R. GERARD and M. COSTIN, 1965. Response of dye tracers to sea surface conditions. J. geophys. Res., 70 (22): 5505-5513. Analysis of aerial photographs of a number of sea surface dye tracer experiments has revealed two features of the surface circulation: a modified Ekman-type drift current and a system of helical current vortexes having axes which are horizontal and nearly parallel to the wind. These data also indicate that there is a strong correlation between wind, sea state, and the development of a patch of dye. These factors, as well as random eddies, may thus be important in spreading a contaminant at the sea surface. K~s'r~ER A. P., 1965. Electromagnetic wave flow velocity meter FMK-2. Electronic instruments for oceanographic investigations. (In Russian; English abstract). Trudy Inst. Okeanol. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 74: 28-32. An instrument is described with a self-containing electric current. Methods for recording bottom water velocity under the action of wave flow are also discussed. KIMBALL J. F. JR. and E. J. FERGUSONWOOD, 1965. A dinoflagellate with characters of G>'mno-
dinium and Gyrodinium. J. Protozool., 12 (4): 557-580.
An organism was isolated which in the first instance appeared to be Gymnodinium mirabile and in subsequent cultures took on characteristics similar to those of Gyrodinium fissure. It is not kno~aa at present whether the pleomorphism exhibited by this strain is frequent among the naked flagellates, but this finding raises the question of whether naked dinoflagellates can be identified by examination of collected samples, whether living or preser-,'ed, or whether culture studies are necessary for all such identifications. KOnMA SnuMr,~I, 1965. Studies on fishing conditions of the dolphin, Coryphaena hippurus L., in the western regions of the Sea of Japan. X. Results on tagging experiment. (In Japanese; English abstract). Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 31 (8): 575-578. Coryphaena hippurus is one of the important warm water fish to migrate into the adjacent seas of Japan. This species is attracted by clusters of floating algae or bamboo rafts used as artificial shelters. Of the catch from the bamboo rafts (" shira-zuke" fishery), 132 fishes (40--75 cm in fork length) were tagged and released during the periods from August to October in 1962 and in 1963. The results are based on 36 fish are recovered up to January 1964: These were all fished from beneath the bamboo rafts or clusters of'floating algae. The recovery rate averaged 27.2~., but it was as high as 44~. in September. The fish were recovered within an area extending from the East China Sea to the neighbourhood of Noto Peninsula, Japan Sea. Some 67 ~ were caught within 30 nautical miles o f shore; 72% of them were caught within 10 days after released. The dolphin seems to migrate northward until September and then starts southward the later part of the month. A part of the population tends to enter the East China Sea through the Tsushima Straits. LEE J. JOl¢~, H U G O FP.E~rD~NTHAL, VICTOR KOSSOY and ALLAN :B~, 1965. Cytological obse~'ations on two planktonic Foraminifera, Globigerina buUoides d'Orbigny, 1826, and Globigerinoides ruber (d'Orbigny, 1839), Cushman, 1827. J. Protozool., 12 (4): 531-542. Globigerina bulloides and Globigerinoides ruber, two pelagic foraminifera from the North Atlantic, were fixed in modified Zenker or Bouin solutions directlyaftercollectionand studied cytochemically. They have two unusual organelles: a vesicularsystem and an organelle provisionallynamed a" crypto. some." The vesicular system occurs chiefly in the newest formed chambers and consists of a pair of intertwined tubules with helical fine structure which terminate in a bouquet o f approximately 20 vesicles or loops. The function of this system is unknown. The detailed morphology of the vesicular system is different in each species. The cryptosome is a structure which varies greatly in its morphology. It is better developed in G. bulloides than it is in G. tuber. At times a cryptosome may
778
Oceanographic Abstracts
occupy up to ~ of the protoplasm of a chamber. In Himes-Moribcr-stained preparations cryptosomes stain with naphthol yellow S and contain within them an azure A-Schifl" staining spongy reticulum. Both of the pelagic Foraminifera studied are heterokaryotic. Agamounts of G. tuber may have a graded series of nuclear sizes but those of G. bulloidea typically have a single somatic nucleus. The zooxanthellae of (7. tuber are similar to Symbiodinium microadriaticum and may collectively occupy almost ~ the volume of a chamber. LEwis JOHN B., 1965. A preliminary description of some marine benthic communities from Barbados, West Indies. Canad.$. ZooL, 43 (6): I049--197L The benthic communities between 50 and 400 m are,: ~cribed. Three community groupings were observed: a sponge and coral community between 50 and 150 m; a rich and diverse community of coelenterates, molluscs, and echinoderms, between 100 and 300 m; and a community dominated by molluscs, between 300 and 400 m. M,~rroN I. and M. PAgr~, 1965. Observations on the fine structure of two species of Platymonas with special reference to flagellar scales and the mode of origin of the theca..i., mar. bioL Ass., U.1C, 45 (3): 743-754. The morphology and microanatomy of two species of Platymonas have been investigated and certain stages of cell division studied. The anatomical features closely resemble those recently described for the motile phase of Prasinocladus except for characteristic differences in pyrenoid structure (cf. Parke & Manton, 1965). The flagella of Platymonas are indistinguishable from those of Prasinoeladus, being covered with two layers of scales beneath a layer of structureless mucus which obscures their presence except in sections. Caducous hairs resembling those of Prasinocladus and related genera are also borne on the flagella. An observation of exceptional importance concerns the production of the new theca round each of the two daughter