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Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records
Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
1 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect 2 3 4 5 6 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dib 7 8 9 Data Article 10 11 12 Q1 13 14 15 16 17 Alfred Maroyi 18 Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Center, Department of Botany, 19 University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa 20 21 22 a r t i c l e i n f o abstract 23 24 Article history: National herbaria with significant historical plant collections are 25 Received 12 August 2017 critical to tracking floristic changes and patterns, which include Accepted 20 September 2017 26 the introduction and spread of non-native plant species. To explore 27 the importance of herbarium specimen data in understanding 28 floristic changes in Zimbabwe, the plant collections housed by the Q2 Keywords: Casual National Herbarium (SRGH) in Harare, Zimbabwe were utilized 29 Floristic changes with historical specimens dating back to 1870. A list of naturalised 30 Invasive plant taxa and collection data were compiled. A total of 2916 plant 31 Naturalised specimens were recorded, comprising of 401 taxa, 237 genera and 32 National herbarium 76 plant families. Twenty eight specimens (1.0%) were collected Zimbabwe 33 between 1870 and 1908, prior to the establishment of the National 34 Herbarium in 1909 and 123 specimens (4.2%) were collected in the 35 first 25 years of the establishment of the institute (1909–1934). 36 Intensive collection of herbarium specimens of casual, naturalised 37 and invasive alien plant species occurred between 1950 and 1970. 38 This data demonstrates the utility of plant species data housed in the National Herbaria and how such data can be used to map 39 floristic changes and patterns. 40 & 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open 41 access article under the CC BY license 42 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 E-mail address: [email protected] 51 52 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046 53 2352-3409/& 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license 54 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Data in Brief
Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
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Specifications Table Subject area More specific subject area Type of data How data was acquired Data format Experimental factors Experimental features Data source location Data accessibility
Biology Botany Tables, text file and graph Surveys, conducting herbarium studies by documenting exotic plant species housed by the National Herbarium, Harare, Zimbabwe Raw, filtered and analyzed All parameters of available data were taken and processed based on 2916 herbarium records Herbarium specimen retrieval Harare, Zimbabwe The data are available with this article
Value of the data – The data are critical in tracking floristic changes and patterns of spread of exotic plant species. – This data are important for monitoring purposes and also to fill the gaps in plant distributional ranges. – This data will contribute to better understanding of the ecological impacts of exotic plant species. – List of herbarium specimens of exotic plant species will help in future research on this category of plant species.
1. Data Many non-native plants in Zimbabwe were introduced decades ago through agriculture and horticulture. A number these exotics now occupy large stretches of land and form characteristic features of the Zimbabwean flora. The number of plant exotics increase with time, 1449 exotic taxa have been recorded in Zimbabwe, a country comprising about 6000 plant species [1]. But only a handful of exotic plant species are represented in local herbaria, although most of these species are known to be widely distributed than indicated in herbaria. This development is unfortunate as herbaria must provide quality specimens and data that represent an overview of floristic changes over time. Herbarium specimens can also be used to document plant distributional changes such as exotic species expansions. Periodic plant collecting expeditions are important for monitoring purposes and also to fill the gaps in plant distributional ranges. Collection of herbarium specimens helps in the identification of invasive exotics and detection of new introductions. The herbarium specimens usually contain important historical information about plant species which is critical for scientific studies. Such information on herbarium labels includes the identity of the species and other details such as family, habit, plant height, leaf arrangement, shape, size, flower colour, shape and size. Other important information usually included on the herbarium label include details about the collector, his or her name, collector’s number, the locality, year of collection of the plant species, description of the habitat and notes on uses of the plant species if any and also size of the population. For exotic species, experienced collectors usually include
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
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109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162
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information such as life history traits, such as habit, population size and perceived invasion status, whether casual, naturalised or invasive. Pyšek et al. [2] defined a casual alien as a plant species that reproduces occasionally outside cultivation and it does not form self-sustaining populations and relying on repeated introductions for its persistence. According to Pyšek et al. [2], a naturalised species is defined as an alien species that reproduces consistently without direct human intervention, and invasive alien species as a naturalised species that produces offspring in large numbers and at considerable distances from the parent plants with the potential to spread over a large area. Studies of the distributional history of non-native plant species can provide us with the knowledge of their earliest locations, patterns of colonization and rates of spread. A better understanding of their establishment and distributional changes over time is vital for making informed decisions in managing existing introductions and in predicting future invasions. To explore the importance of herbarium specimen data for understanding floristic changes and patterns in Zimbabwe with regards to non-native plants, herbarium specimens collected in the country that are housed in the National Herbarium of Zimbabwe, Harare were inventoried. The first herbarium records and subsequent temporal collection of each taxa were identified and recorded.
2. Experimental design, materials and methods Included in this data are those plant species considered to be naturalized in Zimbabwe [1,3,4]. Therefore, a database of casual, naturalised and invasive alien flora [2], occurring in Zimbabwe was compiled based on herbarium records. All alien plant species ever recorded in Zimbabwe as escapes from cultivation or naturalised at least once in the wild, and housed by the National Herbarium, Harare, Zimbabwe (SRGH, acronym adhere to Index Herbariorum) [5], were included in the database. Plant species introduced in Zimbabwe or cultivated without any evidence of having escaped were not considered. Information on herbarium labels, including locality and year of collection of the plant species, was examined and recorded. For each taxon, information on year when the plant species was first collected, mode or purpose of introduction, its invasion status in Zimbabwe and subsequent temporal collection data were extracted from the herbarium records. The mode or purpose of introduction was included, and also whether the introduction was accidental or intentional. The correct identities and names of all the taxa listed were checked and, where names have changed, the currently accepted name was applied. Therefore, plant taxa name, families and plant authorities were verified using taxonomical floras, journal articles and internet sources such as the International Plant Name Index (www.ipni.org), the Missouri Botanical Garden's Tropicos Nomenclatural database (www.tropicos.org) and the Royal Botanic Garden and Missouri Botanic Garden plant name database (www.theplantlist.org). A total of 2916 plant specimens were recorded, comprising of 401 taxa, 237 genera and 76 plant families (Table 1). Appendix A provides an alphabetical listing of plants taxa. Close to three quarters of these taxa (77.6%) belong to 19 families given in Table 2. Pant families Asteraceae, Poaceae and Solanaceae accounted for the highest number of species (Table 2). A significant proportion of the exotics (61.6%) are represented in the National Herbarium by between one to five
Table 1 Total number of casual, naturalised and invasive taxa, genera and plant families in Zimbabwe. Plant group
No. of families
No. of genera
No. of taxa
Pteridophytes Gymnosperms Monocotyledons Dicotyledons Total
5 2 8 61 76
5 2 39 191 237
5 6 62 328 401
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
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Table 2 Families with five or more casual, naturalised and invasive taxa in Zimbabwe. Family
No. of taxa
%
Asteraceae Fabaceae Poaceae Solanaceae Brassicaceae Amaranthaceae Convolvulaceae Euphorbiaceae Myrtaceae Boraginaceae Polygonaceae Chenopodiaceae Malvaceae Verbenaceae Caryophyllaceae Lamiaceae Onagraceae Passifloraceae Plantaginaceae
53 51 49 21 15 14 13 13 11 10 10 8 8 8 7 7 5 5 5
13.2 12.7 12.2 5.2 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.2 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.2
Table 3 Proportion of plant exotics represented by between one to five specimens in the National Herbarium. No. of collections
No. of taxa
%
One specimen Two specimens Three specimens Four specimens Five specimens Total
84 70 40 25 28 247
20.9 17.5 10.0 6.2 7.0 61.6
800
Number of specimens
163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Fig. 1. The number of herbarium specimens of exotic plant species collected in each decade of the National Herbarium’s history.
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
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217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 Q3 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 Q4 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270
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specimens (Table 3). Twenty eight specimens (1.0%) were collected between 1870 and 1908, prior to the establishment of the National Herbarium in 1909 and 123 specimens (4.2%) were collected in the first 25 years of the establishment of the institute (1909–1934) (Fig. 1). Most of the herbarium specimens were collected between 1930 and 1980 (Fig. 1). Intensive collection of herbarium specimens of casual, naturalised and invasive alien plant species occurred between 1950 and 1970 with reduced collecting activity in the 1990s and 2010 (Fig. 1). A total of 1184 herbarium specimens representing 231 taxa (57.6%) of the exotic species pre-date 1950. By 1970, 2500 herbarium specimens representing 358 taxa (89.3%) had been collected (Appendix A). Results of the present study are important in understanding distributional changes of introduced plant species in Zimbabwe.
Acknowledgements The author would like to express his gratitude to the National Research Foundation and Govan Mbeki Research and Development Centre, University of Fort Hare for financial support to conduct this research.
Transparency document. Supporting information Transparency data associated with this article can be found in the online version at http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046.
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 6
o1934 1935- 1961- 1987 4 Total Earliest 1960 1986 herbarium herbarium record specimens
Family
Reasons for introduction
Current status
Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench Acacia baileyana F.Muell. Acacia dealbata Link
Malvaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae
Casual 1933 Casual 1941 Naturalised 1902
1
Acacia decurrens Willd.
Fabaceae
Acacia elata Benth. Acacia longifolia (Andrews) Willd.
Fabaceae Fabaceae
Acacia mearnsii De Wild.
Fabaceae
Acacia melanoxylon R.Br.
Fabaceae
Acacia podalyriifolia G.Don Acacia salicina Lindl. Acalypha amentacea subsp. wilkesiana (Müll.Arg.) Fosberg. Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze Acanthospermum glabratum (DC.) Wild Acanthospermum hispidum DC. Achillea millefolium L. Achyranthes aspera L. var. pubescens (Moq.) C.C. Towns Achyranthes aspera L. var. sicula L. Adiantum raddianum C. Presl Agave americana L.
Fabaceae Fabaceae Euphorbiaceae
Food, Fibre Ornamental Ornamental, tanbark Ornamental, tanbark Ornamental Ornamental, timber Ornamental, tanbark, timber Ornamental, timber Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental
Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Amaranthaceae
Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Medicinal Unintentional
Invasive Naturalised Invasive Casual Invasive
1931 1951 1917 1942 1906
1
Amaranthaceae Pteridaceae Asparagaceae
Unintentional Ornamental Fibre, ornamental
Invasive 1941 Naturalised 1905 Naturalised NA
Agave sisalana Perrine
Asparagaceae
3 1
1
1 4
4 2 5
Naturalised 1903
1
3
4
Naturalised 1944 Casual 1932
1 1
1 2
2 3
Invasive
1931
2
3
8
13
Invasive
1903
1
6
7
Naturalised 1971 Casual 1993 Casual 1974
Naturalised NA
1 1 4 3
10
11 2 15 1 13
8 5 11 2 16
2
4 10
2 4
1
3
1 1 4 23 7 27 3 42 6 18
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Species
Appendix
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
A. Casual, naturalised and invasive alien flora of Zimbabwe. Taxa are listed alphabetically
325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 Asteraceae
Invasive
1945
1
1
1
3
Asteraceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Alismataceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae
Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Food
Invasive Naturalised Casual Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Casual Naturalised
1943 1955 1929 1972 1931 1921 1931 1946 1960 1952
1 1
11
2
14 1 4 1 7 47 26 26 2 4
Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Asteraceae Boraginaceae
Food Food Food Unintentional Unintentional
Naturalised Invasive Invasive Naturalised Casual
1918 1931 1942 1946 1980
Primulaceae Apiaceae Fabaceae Papaveraceae Aristolochiaceae Poaceae Apocynaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Azollaceae Poaceae Fabaceae
Unintentional Unintentional Food Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Fodder Food Fodder Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental
Casual Naturalised Casual Invasive Casual Invasive Casual Casual Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Invasive Casual Naturalised
1953 1923 1952 1918 1968 1958 1965 1958 1975 1969 1976 1943 1983 1961 1923
1 2 1 2
6 1
2 20 6 4 1 2 8 9 1 3
3 1 3 26 17 20 1 1 13 17 4
1 2 1 1 1
1
1 4
1 12 1 8
1 4 18 1
1 2
2
4
8
2 5 4 5 1 2 1 1 1
1 1
28 28 5 3 1 2 17 1 30 1 1 2 7 4 5 1 5 2 1 13
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) King & H. Rob. Ageratum conyzoides L. Ageratum houstonianum Mill. Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Alternanthera caracasana Kunth Alternanthera nodiflora R.Br. Alternanthera pungens Kunth Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC. Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell. Amaranthus hybridus L. ssp. cruentus (L.) Thell. Amaranthus hybridus subsp. hybridus Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthus viridis L. Ambrosia maritima L. Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr. Anagallis arvensis L. ssp. arvensis Apium leptophyllum (DC.) F.Muell. Arachis hypogea L., 1753 Argemone mexicana L. Aristolochia littoralis D. Parodi Arundo donax L. Asclepias curassavica L. Avena fatua L. Avena sativa L. Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P.Beauv. Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm. Azolla filiculoides Lam. Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. Bauhinia variegata L. var. candida Voigt
Fibre, ornamental Ornamental
7
379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Fodder Ornamental Food Food Unintentional Unintentional Fodder Ornamental Fodder
Invasive Naturalised Invasive Casual Naturalised Naturalised Casual Casual Casual Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Casual Casual
1969 1920 1906 1933 1906 1977 1957 1976 1962 1912 1941 1925 1931 1922 1977 1969
Poaceae Solanaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Scrophulariaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Calceolariaceae Myrtaceae
Fodder Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Food Ornamental Ornamental
Casual Invasive Casual Naturalised Casual Naturalised Casual Casual Naturalised
1931 1954 1931 1947 1949 1925 1959 1949 1956
Cupressaceae
Naturalised 1908
Apocynaceae Cannaceae Cannabaceae Brassicaceae Solanaceae
Ornamental, Timber Ornamental Ornamental Unintentional Food Food
Naturalised Naturalised Casual Naturalised Casual
Brassicaceae
Food
Naturalised 1944
1951 1929 1912 1942 1948
1 6 1 5
15 13 9 8 1
1 1 2 6
1 1
2
1
1 1
8 2 1 1 7
6 1 2 1 1 5 1 1 1
1 6 12 12 11 1 1 2 1 2
1
1
5 11 1 1
1
3 2 1
1
5 2 1
2
1 22 32 32 24 2 2 2 1 11 2 7 3 25 1 1 11 3 4 1 1 12 3 2 1 3
1 3 4 5 3
1 1 4 2 2
2
3
1
3 5 9 7 5 5
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton Canna indica L. Cannabis sativa L. Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill Cardamine flexuosa With.
Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Nyctagineceae Nyctagineceae Nyctagineceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae
8
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
Bidens bipinnata L. Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff Bidens pilosa L. Boerhavia coccinea Mill. Boerhavia diffusa L. Boerhavia erecta L. Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf Brachiaria umbellata (Trin.) Clayton Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Brassica rapa L. Briza maxima L. Briza minor L. Bromus catharticus Vahl Bromus diandrus Roth Bromus hordeaceus L. ssp. ferronii (Mabille) P.M. Sm. Bromus leptocladus Nees Browallia americana L. Bryophyllum proliferum Bowie ex Hook. Bryophyllum tubiflorum Harv. Buddleja davidii Franch. Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Calceolaria tripartita Ruiz & Pav. Callistemon viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertn.) G. Don Callitris calcarata F.Muell.
433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental
Casual Naturalised Casual Naturalised Naturalised
1952 1947 1932 1953 1958
Fabaceae Caryophyllaceae Solanaceae Fabaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae
Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Unintentional Food Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional
Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Invasive Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised
1912 1955 1959 1955 1922 1936 1956 1931 1931
Asteraceae
Ornamental
Casual
1967
Asteraceae
Casual
1944
Rutaceae Rutaceae Cobaeaceae Rubiaceae Araceae Apiaceae Asteraceae Myrtaceae
Food, medicinal, ornamental Food Food Unintentional Food Food Food Ornamental Timber
Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Casual Invasive Naturalised
1947 1916 1957 1927 1962 1974 1975 1904
Asteraceae Asteraceae Rosaceae Fabaceae
Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Green Manure
Naturalised Casual Naturalised Casual
1931 1932 1965 1920
Fabaceae
Fibre
Naturalised 1945
1
1
1 1 6 1 1
3 1 1
3 3
13 3 1 2 12 5 3 13 6
1
1
2
2
4
2
1 3 1 2
1 2 2 3 8 1 3
1
1
2 7 3 7 8 1 3 2
1 1
2 4
1 5 1
1
1
4 10 1 2
1
2
3
2 2
2
6 3 1 1 6 3 2 8 1
1 1 10 2 2
1
6
1 2 2
1 1
9
Citrus aurantium L. Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. Cobaea scandens Cav. Coffea arabica L. Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Conium maculatum L. Coreopsis lanceolata L. Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S. Johnson Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Cotoneaster pannosus Franch. Crotalaria distans Benth. ssp. macrotropis (Baker f.) Polhill Crotalaria juncea L.
Brassicaceae Sapindiaceae Apocynaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae
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Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
Cardamine hirsuta L. Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Centaurea melitensis L. Centratherum punctatum Cass. ssp. punctatum Centrosema pubescens Benth. Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Cestrum aurantiacum Lindl. Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Pers.) Greene Chenopodium album L. Chenopodium giganteum D. Don Chenopodium hederiforme (Murray) Aellen Chenopodium murale L. Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad. ex W. D. J. Koch & Ziz Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Cichorium intybus L.
487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 Invasive Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Invasive Invasive Invasive Invasive Naturalised Invasive Invasive Invasive Naturalised Casual Naturalised Invasive Casual Naturalised Invasive Naturalised Invasive Naturalised Invasive Casual Casual Invasive
1971 1957 1969 1908 1924 1956 1917 1948 1953 1931 1922 1931 1942 1919 1949 1931 1958 1956 1926 1934 1950 1942 1917 1955 1927 1976
Invasive
1959
Unintentional Unintentional
Naturalised 1991 Naturalised 1968
Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional
Casual 1942 Naturalised 1953 Casual 1950
1
1
1 3 1 2 2 2 26 2 2 17 11 4 2 8 3 31 1 1 29 2 13 2 24 2 2 1
9
10
3 1 1 1 5
2 3 1 2 3
4 1
2 1
1 1 1 10 1 1 8 3 2 1 3 1 8 1 1 12 1 7 1 10 1 1
1
1 11 1 1 7 3 1 1 3 2 20
3
11
2
6 1 12 1
1
1 1
1 1 3 1
1 6
2 9 1
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Guilleminea densa (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Amaranthaceae Schult.) Moq. Harpachne schimperi A. Rich. Poaceae Hedychium gardnerianum Sheppard ex Ker Zingiberaceae Gawl. Heliotropium amplexicaule Vahl Boraginaceae Heliotropium indicum L. Boraginaceae Holcus lanatus L. Poaceae
Timber Timber Timber Timber Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Food Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Fibre Ornamental, Timber Unintentional
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Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Asteraceae Polygonaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Apiaceae Papaveraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Apocynaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Malvaceae Proteaceae
Crotalaria palli Cucumis angu Cucumis melo Cupressus lusi
Cupressus toru
Cuscuta campe Cuscuta suave Cylindropuntia Cynodon aethi Cynodon nlem nlemfuensis Cynodon nlem robustus Clay Cyperus rotun Dactylis glome Dahlia pinnata Dalbergia sisso Datura inoxia Datura quercif Datura stramo Desmodium to Desmodium tr Desmodium un Dichanthium a Dichondra mic Digitalis purpu Dolichandra un Dolichandra un Duranta erecta Dysphania am Clemants Dysphania car Clemants Dysphania sch & Clemants Echinochloa cr Beauv. Echinochloa fr Echium planta Eclipta prostra Egeria densa P Eichhornia cra Emex australis Eragrostis tef ( Erigeron canad Erigeron florib Erigeron karvi Erigeron primu Eruca vesicaria Erucastrum ara arabicum Eucalyptus cam
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden Eucalyptus robusta Sm. Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Euphorbia cyathophora Murray Euphorbia heterophylla L. Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbia indica Lam. Euphorbia peplus L. Euphorbia prostrata Aiton Euphorbia serpens Kunth Euphorbia tirucalli L. Euryops chrysanthemoides (DC.) B. Nord. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze Flaveria trinervia (Spreng.) C. Mohr Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Fumaria muralis W.D.J.Koch Galinsoga parviflora Cav. Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav. Gnaphalium purpureum L. Gomphocarpus physocarpus E. Mey. Gomphrena celosioides Mart. Gomphrena globosa L. Gossypium hirsutum L. Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br.
541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Food Ornamental
Naturalised Casual Naturalised Naturalised Casual Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Casual Naturalised
1943 1964 1952 1963 1955 1945 1973 1930 1947 1918 1947
Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae
Ornamental Ornamental
Casual 1978 Naturalised 1959
Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Bignoniaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae
Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental
Casual Invasive Naturalised Casual Invasive Naturalised Naturalised
1907 1917 1976 1952 1922 1933 1955
Crassulaceae Asteraceae Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Fabaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Liliaceae Linaceae
Ornamental Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Food Food Fodder Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Unintentional
Naturalised Naturalised Invasive Casual Invasive Casual Casual Naturalised Casual Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Casual
1938 1977 1937 1905 1928 1951 1953 1953 1949 1933 1962 1961 1949
3 1 1 1 1 1
7 1 1 1
3 1 4 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1
6 1 5 1 2 2 1 14 2 3 2
1
1 1
1
3 2 2 2 5 13 2
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
6 1 1
2 1
1
12 5 2 1 3 3 1 2
1
1 1 4 6 1 1 2 14 7
8 5 4 1 5
1
4
2 2 30 14 3 1 11 8 1 7 1 5 1
11
Euphorbiaceae Apiaceae Asteraceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
Homalanthus populifolius Graham Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f. Hypochaeris radicata L. Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. Hyptis spicigera Lam. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. Indigofera microcarpa Desv. Ipomoea alba L. Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy) D.F. Austin Ipomoea hederifolia L. Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr. var. acuminata (Vahl) Fosberg Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth Ipomoea tricolor Cav. Ipomoea turbinata Lag. Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don Jatropha curcas L. Jatropha gossypiifolia L. var. elegans (Pohl) Müll-Arg. Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Lactuca serriola L. Lantana camara L. Lantana trifolia L. Laphangium luteoalbum (L.) Tzvelev Leontodon saxatilis Lam. Lepidium bonariense L. Lepidium didymum L. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton Ligustrum spp. Lilium formosanum Wallace Linum usitatissimum L.
595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. Myriophyllum spicatum L. Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. Nicotiana glauca Graham Nicotiana rustica L. Nicotiana tabacum L.
Fabaceae Meliaceae
Fodder Fodder Fodder Fodder Unintentional Fodder Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Food Fodder Fodder
Fodder Ornamental, Timber Fabaceae Fodder Fabaceae Fodder Dennstaedtiaceae Ornamental Polypodiaceae Ornamental Fabaceae Unintentional Convolvulaceae Unintentional Nyctaginaceae Unintentional Asteraceae Ornamental Moringaceae Food Moraceae Food, ornamental Haloragaceae Ornamental Haloragaceae Ornamental Brassicaceae Unintentional Solanaceae Ornamental Solanaceae Ornamental Solanaceae Ornamental Solanaceae
Casual Casual Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Casual Casual Casual Casual Invasive Casual Casual Casual
1948 1967 1957 1921 1963 1961 1959 1921 1955 1940 1945 1959 1962 1910
Casual Invasive
1957 1903
Naturalised Casual Casual Casual Naturalised Casual Naturalised Naturalised Casual Naturalised
1931 1926 1951 1954 1918 1919 1933 1946 1943 1926
Invasive Casual Naturalised Invasive Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised
1970 1949 1934 1917 1944 1950 1870
2
7
2
1 1
3 2 5 5 2 6 1 5 4 5 7 2 1 10
4
1 5
1 4
2 14
1 2 1 1
2
4 6 1 1 3 3 8 4 13 9
4
2 1
1 2 5 2 6
1 1 1 1 3 2
1 4
2 1 1
2
1 4 3 8 2
4 3 4 4
1 1 3 1 4 5
1
10 1 9
1
1 1 9 13 1 1
1 12 7 1
1 1
10 1 3 31 21 2 2
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Melilotus albus Medik. Melilotus indicus (L.) All. Microlepia strigosa (Thunb.) K. Presl Microsorum scandens (G.Forst.) Tindale Mimosa pudica L. Mina lobata Cerv. Mirabilis jalapa L. Montanoa hibiscifolia (Benth.) Standl. Moringa oleifera Lam. Morus australis Poir.
Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Anacardiaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae
12
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Lolium multiflorum × perenne Lolium multiflorum Lam. Lolium perenne L. Lolium temulentum L. Lupinus mexicanus Cerv. Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb. Malva neglecta Wallr. Malva parviflora L. var. parviflora Malva sylvestris L. Malva verticillata L. Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke Mangifera indica L. Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal. Medicago polymorpha L. var. brevispica (Benth.) Heyn Medicago polymorpha L. var. polymorpha Melia azedarach L.
649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 Casual
1973
Naturalised Casual Invasive Naturalised Naturalised Invasive
1953 1935 1919 1919 1949 1959
Poaceae Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Asteraceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae
Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Food, Ornamental Food Unintentional Unintentional Fodder Ornamental Unintentional Fodder Fodder Fodder Unintentional Food Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental Food
Casual Naturalised Invasive Casual Naturalised Invasive Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Invasive Casual Naturalised Casual Naturalised
1966 1972 1937 1972 1950 1982 1919 1960 1965 1919 1944 1947 1971 1976 1920
Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Cactaceae Polygonaceae
Ornamental Food Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental
Naturalised Casual Naturalised Casual Invasive
Polygonaceae Polygonaceae
Unintentional Unintentional
Invasive Invasive
Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Cactaceae
1 1 1
1
1
2
7
11 3 6 2
9 3 4 1
9 1 21 7 10 3
6 1 3
2
2 1 2 2 5
2 1 3 1 3 2 9 4 1 13 1
1
1
3 1 2
1921 1920 1960 1942 1959
1 3
2 1 1 5 1
4 5 5 2 4
1919 1931
1 3
14 8
14 27
1
1
1
2 1 9 1 4 2 14 6 1 17 3 5 3 1 5 7 9 7 7 5 29 38
13
Oryza sativa L. Oxalis corniculata L. Oxalis latifolia Kunth Panicum trichoides Sw. Parkinsonia aculeata L. Parthenium hysterophorus L. Paspalum dilatatum Poir. Paspalum distichum L. Paspalum notatum Flüggé Paspalum urvillei Steud. Passiflora edulis Sims Passiflora ligularis Juss. Passiflora subpeltata Ortega Passiflora tarminiana Coppens & V.E. Barney Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P.M. Jørg. Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov. Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. Pereskia aculeata P. Mill. Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H. Gross Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray Persicaria limbata (Meisn.) H. Hara
Solanaceae
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
Nierembergia hippomanica Miers var. violacea Millán Oenothera indecora Cambess. Oenothera laciniata Hill Oenothera rosea L'Hér. ex Aiton Oenothera stricta Ledeb. ex Link Oenothera tetraptera Cav. Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill.
Crop, medicinal, ornamental Ornamental
703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 Fodder Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Food Food Unintentional
Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Casual Naturalised Casual Naturalised
Phytolocaceae Pinaceae
Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.
Pinaceae
Pinus roxburghii Sarg.
Pinaceae
Pistia stratiotes L. Plantago lanceolata L. Plantago major L. Plantago palmata Hook. F. Plectranthus comosus Andrews Poa annua L. Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. Polygonum aviculare L. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Pontederia cordata L. var. lanceolata (Nutt.) Griseb. Populus x canescens (Ait.) Smith Portulaca oleracea L. Primula malacoides Hort. Prosopis spp. Prunus cerasoides D. Don Prunus serotina Ehrh. var. salicifolia (Kunth.) Koene Psidium cattleianum Afzel. ex Sabine
Araceae Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Lamiaceae Poaceae Caryophyllaceae Polygonaceae Poaceae Poaceae Pontederiaceae
Ornamental Ornamental, timber Ornamental, timber Ornamental, timber Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Fodder Fodder Ornamental
Salicaceae Portulacaceae Primulaceae Fabaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae
Unintentional Food Ornamental Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental
Myrtaceae
1955 1925 1964 1947 1958 1906 1942 1922
2
3 10 1 5 4 7 3 9
1 4
2
1 8
1
6
4
11
1
1
1
4 4 2
1
1 4
3
1 2 2 3 4
Naturalised 1956 Casual 1923
2
Invasive
1902
Invasiv
1902
Invasive Naturalised Naturalised Casual Naturalised Naturalised Casual Naturalised Casual Casual Naturalised
1948 1921 1942 1920 1966 1934 1962 1919 1968 1948 1975
Invasive Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Invasive Casual
1947 1975 1972 1974 1950 1944
1
Casual
1961
1
2
1 1
5
1
2
2 5 1 4 2 3
2 7 1 3 2 2 10 1 2 1 1
11 6 5 3 2 16 1 5 1 1 1
3 1 2 1 6 2
4 1 2 1 7 5
1
1 3
1
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Poaceae Poaceae Phyllanthaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae
14
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Phalaris arundinacea L. Phalaris minor Retz. Phyllanthus fraternus G.L.Webster Physalis angulata L. Physalis lagascae Roemer & J.A. Schultes Physalis peruviana L. Physalis philadelphica Lam. Physalis philadelphica var. immaculata Waterf. Phytolacca octandra L. Pinus elliottii Engelm.
757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 Punica granatum L. Ranunclulus sceleratus L. Raphanus raphanistrum L. Raphanus sativus L. Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. Reseda odorata L. Richardia brasiliensis Gomes Richardia scabra L. Ricinus communis L. Rivina humilis L. Rubus niveus Thunb. Rumex acetosella L. Rumex crispus L. Rumex pulcher L. subsp. pulcher Sacciolepis interrupta (Willd.) Stapf Sagina apetala Ard. Salix babylonica L. Salvia coccinea Buc'hoz ex Etl. Salvia nilotica Juss. ex Jacq. Salvia reflexa Hornem. Salvinia molesta Mitchell Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli Santolina chamaecyparissus L. Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F.Blake Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Kuntze ex Thell. Senecio vulgaris L. Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Senna hirsuta (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
Lythraceae Ranunculaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Resedaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Euphorbiaceae Phytolaccaceae Rosaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Poaceae Caryophyllaceae Salicaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salviniaceae Adoxaceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Fabaceae
Ornamental Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental
Casual Casual Invasive Naturalised Naturalised Invasive
Fabaceae Fabaceae
Ornamental Ornamental
Casual 1962 Naturalised 1932
Invasive
1951
Casual Casual Casual Casual Naturalised Casual Invasive Invasive Invasive Naturalised Invasive Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Casual Casual Invasive Casual
1931 1965 1919 1918 1958 1957 1919 1944 1944 1962 1961 1935 1931 1973 1969 1959 1965 1917 1917 1955 1952 1965 1955 1965 1918 1970 1959 1921
4
6
10
1 3 1 1
5
1
1 1 1 1 11 4 3
9 4
1 2 5
4 9 1 10
1
1 1 7 9 5 1 6 3 4 1 6 3 2 6 7 1 4 1
3
15
3
1 8
2 3 13 1 5 6
2
14
1 15
1
3
3 1
2
1 3 2 3 1 2 23 13 9 1 6 12 9 11 6 4 2 12 21 2 17 1 3 3 34 1 7 17 1 33
15
Myrtaceae
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
Psidium guajava L.
Food, ornamental Food, ornamental Ornamental Unintentional Food Food Unintentional Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental
811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 Ornamental Ornamental
Invasive 1912 Naturalised 1906
Fabaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Rubiaceae Malvaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Asteraceae Poaceae
Ornamental Fodder Food Unintentional Fibre Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Food Unintentional Ornamental Unintentional Food
Casual Naturalised Casual Casual Invasive Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Casual Naturalised Casual Invasive Invasive Invasive Casual
1971 1908 1912 1964 1904 1957 1910 1915 1956 1955 1976 1958 1976 1918 1917 1920
Poaceae Bignoniaceae Caryophyllaceae Asteraceae Verbenaceae Caryophyllaceae Asteraceae
Food Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Unintentional NA
Casual Casual Casual Naturalised Casual Naturalised Casual
1920 1977 1944 1976 1977 1919 1958
Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Bignoniaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae
Food Food Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Unintentional Ornamental
Casual Naturalised Naturalised Invasive Naturalised Casual Naturalised Casual
1949 1953 1969 1917 1943 1981 1919 1967
4 4
12 10
6 1
19 3
5
23 1 2 1 1 1
4 1
1 1 8 3
5 10 7
1
4 1
1
5 4 3 1
2
9 1
2
7
13 9 1 14 1 1 9
29 23
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 10 19 3 10 1 2 2 1 5 1 4 3 1 16 7 1 4 1
1
1
1 40 5 1 37 1 7 3 2 1 1 2 1 16 37 13 15 2 3 2 1 11 5 7 4 1 28 8 1 13 1
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Fabaceae Fabaceae
16
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Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv. Sherardia arvensis L. Sida cordifolia subsp. maculata (Cav.) Marais Silene armeria L. Silene gallica L. Sinapis arvensis L. Sisymbrium orientale L. Solanum americanum Mill. Solanum betaceum Cav. Solanum lycopersicum L. Solanum mauritianum Scop. Solanum seaforthianum Andrews Sonchus asper (L.) Hill Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. drummondii (Steud.) deWet Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. Spergula arvensis L. Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) G.L. Nesom var. squamatum (Spreng.) S.D.Sundb. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston Tagetes erecta L. Tagetes minuta L. Taraxacum croceum Dahlst. Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f. Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntze
865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 Asteraceae Asteraceae Meliaceae
Naturalised 1944 Invasive 1944 Invasive 1903
Asteraceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae
Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental, timber Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional
Tridax procumbens L. Trifolium campestre Schreb. Trifolium dubium Sibth. Trifolium repens L. Verbena bonariensis L. Verbena brasiliensis Vell. Verbena litoralis Kunth Verbena rigida Spreng. Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) A. Gray Vernonanthura polyanthes (Spreng.) A.J. Vega & Dematt. Veronica persica Poir. Vicia sativa L. var. angustifolia L. Vicia villosa subsp. villosa Wigandia urens (Ruiz & Pavon) Kunth var. caracasana (Kunth) D. N. Gibson Wigandia urens var. caracasana (Kunth) D. Gibson Xanthium spinosum L. Xanthium strumarium L. Zephyranthes minuta (Kunth) D.Dietr. Zinnia peruviana (L.) L. Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.
Naturalised Casual Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Casual Casual Casual Naturalised Invasive
1948 1959 1931 1931 1924 1931 1958 1974 1959 2016
Plantaginaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Hydrocharitaceae
Unintentional Fodder Unintentional Ornamental
Casual Naturalised Casual Naturalised
1959 1926 1955 1928
Boraginaceae
Ornamental
Casual
1965
Asteraceae Asteraceae Amaryllidaceae Asteraceae Rhamnaceae
Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Unintentional Food
Invasive Invasive Casual Naturalised Naturalised
1906 1942 1933 1943 1950
4
2 4 1 2
4 3 3
2 7 3
6 10 10
5 1 1 1 1 14 1
12 1 1 5 2 14 1 3
17 2 4 10 5 30 2 3 3 6
2
2 1
3 1
1 6 6 4
4 7 4 2 2
1
1 6
3 1 2
1 11 7 7
1
1
3 6
10 13 5 9 4
7 2
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Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F. Blake Toona ciliata M. Roem.
919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 References 18 A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
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[1] A. Maroyi, A preliminary checklist of naturalized and introduced plants in Zimbabwe, Kirkia 18 (2006) 177–247. [2] P. Pyšek, D.M. Richardson, M. Rejmanek, G.L. Webster, M. Williamson, J. Kirschner, Alien plants in checklists and flora: towards better communication between taxonomists and ecologists, Taxon 53 (2004) 131–143. [3] A. Maroyi, The casual, naturalised and invasive alien flora of Zimbabwe based on herbarium and literature records, Koedoe (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v54i1.1054. [4] A. Maroyi, Exotic Acacia species in Zimbabwe: a historical and ecological perspective, Stud. Ethno-Med. 9 (2015) 391–399. [5] B. Thiers, Index Herbariorum: A Global Directory Of Public Herbaria And Associated Staff. 〈http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/〉 (Accessed 9 August 2017.
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1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
1 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect 2 3 4 5 6 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dib 7 8 9 Data Article 10 11 12 Q1 13 14 15 16 17 Alfred Maroyi 18 Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Center, Department of Botany, 19 University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa 20 21 22 a r t i c l e i n f o abstract 23 24 Article history: National herbaria with significant historical plant collections are 25 Received 12 August 2017 critical to tracking floristic changes and patterns, which include Accepted 20 September 2017 26 the introduction and spread of non-native plant species. To explore 27 the importance of herbarium specimen data in understanding 28 floristic changes in Zimbabwe, the plant collections housed by the Q2 Keywords: Casual National Herbarium (SRGH) in Harare, Zimbabwe were utilized 29 Floristic changes with historical specimens dating back to 1870. A list of naturalised 30 Invasive plant taxa and collection data were compiled. A total of 2916 plant 31 Naturalised specimens were recorded, comprising of 401 taxa, 237 genera and 32 National herbarium 76 plant families. Twenty eight specimens (1.0%) were collected Zimbabwe 33 between 1870 and 1908, prior to the establishment of the National 34 Herbarium in 1909 and 123 specimens (4.2%) were collected in the 35 first 25 years of the establishment of the institute (1909–1934). 36 Intensive collection of herbarium specimens of casual, naturalised 37 and invasive alien plant species occurred between 1950 and 1970. 38 This data demonstrates the utility of plant species data housed in the National Herbaria and how such data can be used to map 39 floristic changes and patterns. 40 & 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open 41 access article under the CC BY license 42 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 E-mail address: [email protected] 51 52 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046 53 2352-3409/& 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license 54 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Data in Brief
Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
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55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108
Specifications Table Subject area More specific subject area Type of data How data was acquired Data format Experimental factors Experimental features Data source location Data accessibility
Biology Botany Tables, text file and graph Surveys, conducting herbarium studies by documenting exotic plant species housed by the National Herbarium, Harare, Zimbabwe Raw, filtered and analyzed All parameters of available data were taken and processed based on 2916 herbarium records Herbarium specimen retrieval Harare, Zimbabwe The data are available with this article
Value of the data – The data are critical in tracking floristic changes and patterns of spread of exotic plant species. – This data are important for monitoring purposes and also to fill the gaps in plant distributional ranges. – This data will contribute to better understanding of the ecological impacts of exotic plant species. – List of herbarium specimens of exotic plant species will help in future research on this category of plant species.
1. Data Many non-native plants in Zimbabwe were introduced decades ago through agriculture and horticulture. A number these exotics now occupy large stretches of land and form characteristic features of the Zimbabwean flora. The number of plant exotics increase with time, 1449 exotic taxa have been recorded in Zimbabwe, a country comprising about 6000 plant species [1]. But only a handful of exotic plant species are represented in local herbaria, although most of these species are known to be widely distributed than indicated in herbaria. This development is unfortunate as herbaria must provide quality specimens and data that represent an overview of floristic changes over time. Herbarium specimens can also be used to document plant distributional changes such as exotic species expansions. Periodic plant collecting expeditions are important for monitoring purposes and also to fill the gaps in plant distributional ranges. Collection of herbarium specimens helps in the identification of invasive exotics and detection of new introductions. The herbarium specimens usually contain important historical information about plant species which is critical for scientific studies. Such information on herbarium labels includes the identity of the species and other details such as family, habit, plant height, leaf arrangement, shape, size, flower colour, shape and size. Other important information usually included on the herbarium label include details about the collector, his or her name, collector’s number, the locality, year of collection of the plant species, description of the habitat and notes on uses of the plant species if any and also size of the population. For exotic species, experienced collectors usually include
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
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information such as life history traits, such as habit, population size and perceived invasion status, whether casual, naturalised or invasive. Pyšek et al. [2] defined a casual alien as a plant species that reproduces occasionally outside cultivation and it does not form self-sustaining populations and relying on repeated introductions for its persistence. According to Pyšek et al. [2], a naturalised species is defined as an alien species that reproduces consistently without direct human intervention, and invasive alien species as a naturalised species that produces offspring in large numbers and at considerable distances from the parent plants with the potential to spread over a large area. Studies of the distributional history of non-native plant species can provide us with the knowledge of their earliest locations, patterns of colonization and rates of spread. A better understanding of their establishment and distributional changes over time is vital for making informed decisions in managing existing introductions and in predicting future invasions. To explore the importance of herbarium specimen data for understanding floristic changes and patterns in Zimbabwe with regards to non-native plants, herbarium specimens collected in the country that are housed in the National Herbarium of Zimbabwe, Harare were inventoried. The first herbarium records and subsequent temporal collection of each taxa were identified and recorded.
2. Experimental design, materials and methods Included in this data are those plant species considered to be naturalized in Zimbabwe [1,3,4]. Therefore, a database of casual, naturalised and invasive alien flora [2], occurring in Zimbabwe was compiled based on herbarium records. All alien plant species ever recorded in Zimbabwe as escapes from cultivation or naturalised at least once in the wild, and housed by the National Herbarium, Harare, Zimbabwe (SRGH, acronym adhere to Index Herbariorum) [5], were included in the database. Plant species introduced in Zimbabwe or cultivated without any evidence of having escaped were not considered. Information on herbarium labels, including locality and year of collection of the plant species, was examined and recorded. For each taxon, information on year when the plant species was first collected, mode or purpose of introduction, its invasion status in Zimbabwe and subsequent temporal collection data were extracted from the herbarium records. The mode or purpose of introduction was included, and also whether the introduction was accidental or intentional. The correct identities and names of all the taxa listed were checked and, where names have changed, the currently accepted name was applied. Therefore, plant taxa name, families and plant authorities were verified using taxonomical floras, journal articles and internet sources such as the International Plant Name Index (www.ipni.org), the Missouri Botanical Garden's Tropicos Nomenclatural database (www.tropicos.org) and the Royal Botanic Garden and Missouri Botanic Garden plant name database (www.theplantlist.org). A total of 2916 plant specimens were recorded, comprising of 401 taxa, 237 genera and 76 plant families (Table 1). Appendix A provides an alphabetical listing of plants taxa. Close to three quarters of these taxa (77.6%) belong to 19 families given in Table 2. Pant families Asteraceae, Poaceae and Solanaceae accounted for the highest number of species (Table 2). A significant proportion of the exotics (61.6%) are represented in the National Herbarium by between one to five
Table 1 Total number of casual, naturalised and invasive taxa, genera and plant families in Zimbabwe. Plant group
No. of families
No. of genera
No. of taxa
Pteridophytes Gymnosperms Monocotyledons Dicotyledons Total
5 2 8 61 76
5 2 39 191 237
5 6 62 328 401
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
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Table 2 Families with five or more casual, naturalised and invasive taxa in Zimbabwe. Family
No. of taxa
%
Asteraceae Fabaceae Poaceae Solanaceae Brassicaceae Amaranthaceae Convolvulaceae Euphorbiaceae Myrtaceae Boraginaceae Polygonaceae Chenopodiaceae Malvaceae Verbenaceae Caryophyllaceae Lamiaceae Onagraceae Passifloraceae Plantaginaceae
53 51 49 21 15 14 13 13 11 10 10 8 8 8 7 7 5 5 5
13.2 12.7 12.2 5.2 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.2 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.2
Table 3 Proportion of plant exotics represented by between one to five specimens in the National Herbarium. No. of collections
No. of taxa
%
One specimen Two specimens Three specimens Four specimens Five specimens Total
84 70 40 25 28 247
20.9 17.5 10.0 6.2 7.0 61.6
800
Number of specimens
163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Fig. 1. The number of herbarium specimens of exotic plant species collected in each decade of the National Herbarium’s history.
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
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217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 Q3 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 Q4 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270
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specimens (Table 3). Twenty eight specimens (1.0%) were collected between 1870 and 1908, prior to the establishment of the National Herbarium in 1909 and 123 specimens (4.2%) were collected in the first 25 years of the establishment of the institute (1909–1934) (Fig. 1). Most of the herbarium specimens were collected between 1930 and 1980 (Fig. 1). Intensive collection of herbarium specimens of casual, naturalised and invasive alien plant species occurred between 1950 and 1970 with reduced collecting activity in the 1990s and 2010 (Fig. 1). A total of 1184 herbarium specimens representing 231 taxa (57.6%) of the exotic species pre-date 1950. By 1970, 2500 herbarium specimens representing 358 taxa (89.3%) had been collected (Appendix A). Results of the present study are important in understanding distributional changes of introduced plant species in Zimbabwe.
Acknowledgements The author would like to express his gratitude to the National Research Foundation and Govan Mbeki Research and Development Centre, University of Fort Hare for financial support to conduct this research.
Transparency document. Supporting information Transparency data associated with this article can be found in the online version at http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046.
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 6
o1934 1935- 1961- 1987 4 Total Earliest 1960 1986 herbarium herbarium record specimens
Family
Reasons for introduction
Current status
Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench Acacia baileyana F.Muell. Acacia dealbata Link
Malvaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae
Casual 1933 Casual 1941 Naturalised 1902
1
Acacia decurrens Willd.
Fabaceae
Acacia elata Benth. Acacia longifolia (Andrews) Willd.
Fabaceae Fabaceae
Acacia mearnsii De Wild.
Fabaceae
Acacia melanoxylon R.Br.
Fabaceae
Acacia podalyriifolia G.Don Acacia salicina Lindl. Acalypha amentacea subsp. wilkesiana (Müll.Arg.) Fosberg. Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze Acanthospermum glabratum (DC.) Wild Acanthospermum hispidum DC. Achillea millefolium L. Achyranthes aspera L. var. pubescens (Moq.) C.C. Towns Achyranthes aspera L. var. sicula L. Adiantum raddianum C. Presl Agave americana L.
Fabaceae Fabaceae Euphorbiaceae
Food, Fibre Ornamental Ornamental, tanbark Ornamental, tanbark Ornamental Ornamental, timber Ornamental, tanbark, timber Ornamental, timber Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental
Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Amaranthaceae
Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Medicinal Unintentional
Invasive Naturalised Invasive Casual Invasive
1931 1951 1917 1942 1906
1
Amaranthaceae Pteridaceae Asparagaceae
Unintentional Ornamental Fibre, ornamental
Invasive 1941 Naturalised 1905 Naturalised NA
Agave sisalana Perrine
Asparagaceae
3 1
1
1 4
4 2 5
Naturalised 1903
1
3
4
Naturalised 1944 Casual 1932
1 1
1 2
2 3
Invasive
1931
2
3
8
13
Invasive
1903
1
6
7
Naturalised 1971 Casual 1993 Casual 1974
Naturalised NA
1 1 4 3
10
11 2 15 1 13
8 5 11 2 16
2
4 10
2 4
1
3
1 1 4 23 7 27 3 42 6 18
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Species
Appendix
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
A. Casual, naturalised and invasive alien flora of Zimbabwe. Taxa are listed alphabetically
325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 Asteraceae
Invasive
1945
1
1
1
3
Asteraceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Alismataceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae
Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Food
Invasive Naturalised Casual Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Casual Naturalised
1943 1955 1929 1972 1931 1921 1931 1946 1960 1952
1 1
11
2
14 1 4 1 7 47 26 26 2 4
Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Asteraceae Boraginaceae
Food Food Food Unintentional Unintentional
Naturalised Invasive Invasive Naturalised Casual
1918 1931 1942 1946 1980
Primulaceae Apiaceae Fabaceae Papaveraceae Aristolochiaceae Poaceae Apocynaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Azollaceae Poaceae Fabaceae
Unintentional Unintentional Food Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Fodder Food Fodder Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental
Casual Naturalised Casual Invasive Casual Invasive Casual Casual Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Invasive Casual Naturalised
1953 1923 1952 1918 1968 1958 1965 1958 1975 1969 1976 1943 1983 1961 1923
1 2 1 2
6 1
2 20 6 4 1 2 8 9 1 3
3 1 3 26 17 20 1 1 13 17 4
1 2 1 1 1
1
1 4
1 12 1 8
1 4 18 1
1 2
2
4
8
2 5 4 5 1 2 1 1 1
1 1
28 28 5 3 1 2 17 1 30 1 1 2 7 4 5 1 5 2 1 13
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
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Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) King & H. Rob. Ageratum conyzoides L. Ageratum houstonianum Mill. Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Alternanthera caracasana Kunth Alternanthera nodiflora R.Br. Alternanthera pungens Kunth Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC. Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell. Amaranthus hybridus L. ssp. cruentus (L.) Thell. Amaranthus hybridus subsp. hybridus Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthus viridis L. Ambrosia maritima L. Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr. Anagallis arvensis L. ssp. arvensis Apium leptophyllum (DC.) F.Muell. Arachis hypogea L., 1753 Argemone mexicana L. Aristolochia littoralis D. Parodi Arundo donax L. Asclepias curassavica L. Avena fatua L. Avena sativa L. Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P.Beauv. Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm. Azolla filiculoides Lam. Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. Bauhinia variegata L. var. candida Voigt
Fibre, ornamental Ornamental
7
379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Fodder Ornamental Food Food Unintentional Unintentional Fodder Ornamental Fodder
Invasive Naturalised Invasive Casual Naturalised Naturalised Casual Casual Casual Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Casual Casual
1969 1920 1906 1933 1906 1977 1957 1976 1962 1912 1941 1925 1931 1922 1977 1969
Poaceae Solanaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Scrophulariaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Calceolariaceae Myrtaceae
Fodder Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Food Ornamental Ornamental
Casual Invasive Casual Naturalised Casual Naturalised Casual Casual Naturalised
1931 1954 1931 1947 1949 1925 1959 1949 1956
Cupressaceae
Naturalised 1908
Apocynaceae Cannaceae Cannabaceae Brassicaceae Solanaceae
Ornamental, Timber Ornamental Ornamental Unintentional Food Food
Naturalised Naturalised Casual Naturalised Casual
Brassicaceae
Food
Naturalised 1944
1951 1929 1912 1942 1948
1 6 1 5
15 13 9 8 1
1 1 2 6
1 1
2
1
1 1
8 2 1 1 7
6 1 2 1 1 5 1 1 1
1 6 12 12 11 1 1 2 1 2
1
1
5 11 1 1
1
3 2 1
1
5 2 1
2
1 22 32 32 24 2 2 2 1 11 2 7 3 25 1 1 11 3 4 1 1 12 3 2 1 3
1 3 4 5 3
1 1 4 2 2
2
3
1
3 5 9 7 5 5
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton Canna indica L. Cannabis sativa L. Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill Cardamine flexuosa With.
Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Nyctagineceae Nyctagineceae Nyctagineceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae
8
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
Bidens bipinnata L. Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff Bidens pilosa L. Boerhavia coccinea Mill. Boerhavia diffusa L. Boerhavia erecta L. Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf Brachiaria umbellata (Trin.) Clayton Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Brassica rapa L. Briza maxima L. Briza minor L. Bromus catharticus Vahl Bromus diandrus Roth Bromus hordeaceus L. ssp. ferronii (Mabille) P.M. Sm. Bromus leptocladus Nees Browallia americana L. Bryophyllum proliferum Bowie ex Hook. Bryophyllum tubiflorum Harv. Buddleja davidii Franch. Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Calceolaria tripartita Ruiz & Pav. Callistemon viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertn.) G. Don Callitris calcarata F.Muell.
433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental
Casual Naturalised Casual Naturalised Naturalised
1952 1947 1932 1953 1958
Fabaceae Caryophyllaceae Solanaceae Fabaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae
Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Unintentional Food Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional
Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Invasive Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised
1912 1955 1959 1955 1922 1936 1956 1931 1931
Asteraceae
Ornamental
Casual
1967
Asteraceae
Casual
1944
Rutaceae Rutaceae Cobaeaceae Rubiaceae Araceae Apiaceae Asteraceae Myrtaceae
Food, medicinal, ornamental Food Food Unintentional Food Food Food Ornamental Timber
Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Casual Invasive Naturalised
1947 1916 1957 1927 1962 1974 1975 1904
Asteraceae Asteraceae Rosaceae Fabaceae
Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Green Manure
Naturalised Casual Naturalised Casual
1931 1932 1965 1920
Fabaceae
Fibre
Naturalised 1945
1
1
1 1 6 1 1
3 1 1
3 3
13 3 1 2 12 5 3 13 6
1
1
2
2
4
2
1 3 1 2
1 2 2 3 8 1 3
1
1
2 7 3 7 8 1 3 2
1 1
2 4
1 5 1
1
1
4 10 1 2
1
2
3
2 2
2
6 3 1 1 6 3 2 8 1
1 1 10 2 2
1
6
1 2 2
1 1
9
Citrus aurantium L. Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. Cobaea scandens Cav. Coffea arabica L. Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Conium maculatum L. Coreopsis lanceolata L. Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S. Johnson Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Cotoneaster pannosus Franch. Crotalaria distans Benth. ssp. macrotropis (Baker f.) Polhill Crotalaria juncea L.
Brassicaceae Sapindiaceae Apocynaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae
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Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
Cardamine hirsuta L. Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Centaurea melitensis L. Centratherum punctatum Cass. ssp. punctatum Centrosema pubescens Benth. Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Cestrum aurantiacum Lindl. Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Pers.) Greene Chenopodium album L. Chenopodium giganteum D. Don Chenopodium hederiforme (Murray) Aellen Chenopodium murale L. Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad. ex W. D. J. Koch & Ziz Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Cichorium intybus L.
487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 Invasive Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Invasive Invasive Invasive Invasive Naturalised Invasive Invasive Invasive Naturalised Casual Naturalised Invasive Casual Naturalised Invasive Naturalised Invasive Naturalised Invasive Casual Casual Invasive
1971 1957 1969 1908 1924 1956 1917 1948 1953 1931 1922 1931 1942 1919 1949 1931 1958 1956 1926 1934 1950 1942 1917 1955 1927 1976
Invasive
1959
Unintentional Unintentional
Naturalised 1991 Naturalised 1968
Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional
Casual 1942 Naturalised 1953 Casual 1950
1
1
1 3 1 2 2 2 26 2 2 17 11 4 2 8 3 31 1 1 29 2 13 2 24 2 2 1
9
10
3 1 1 1 5
2 3 1 2 3
4 1
2 1
1 1 1 10 1 1 8 3 2 1 3 1 8 1 1 12 1 7 1 10 1 1
1
1 11 1 1 7 3 1 1 3 2 20
3
11
2
6 1 12 1
1
1 1
1 1 3 1
1 6
2 9 1
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Guilleminea densa (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Amaranthaceae Schult.) Moq. Harpachne schimperi A. Rich. Poaceae Hedychium gardnerianum Sheppard ex Ker Zingiberaceae Gawl. Heliotropium amplexicaule Vahl Boraginaceae Heliotropium indicum L. Boraginaceae Holcus lanatus L. Poaceae
Timber Timber Timber Timber Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Food Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Fibre Ornamental, Timber Unintentional
10
Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Asteraceae Polygonaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Apiaceae Papaveraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Apocynaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Malvaceae Proteaceae
Crotalaria palli Cucumis angu Cucumis melo Cupressus lusi
Cupressus toru
Cuscuta campe Cuscuta suave Cylindropuntia Cynodon aethi Cynodon nlem nlemfuensis Cynodon nlem robustus Clay Cyperus rotun Dactylis glome Dahlia pinnata Dalbergia sisso Datura inoxia Datura quercif Datura stramo Desmodium to Desmodium tr Desmodium un Dichanthium a Dichondra mic Digitalis purpu Dolichandra un Dolichandra un Duranta erecta Dysphania am Clemants Dysphania car Clemants Dysphania sch & Clemants Echinochloa cr Beauv. Echinochloa fr Echium planta Eclipta prostra Egeria densa P Eichhornia cra Emex australis Eragrostis tef ( Erigeron canad Erigeron florib Erigeron karvi Erigeron primu Eruca vesicaria Erucastrum ara arabicum Eucalyptus cam
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden Eucalyptus robusta Sm. Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Euphorbia cyathophora Murray Euphorbia heterophylla L. Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbia indica Lam. Euphorbia peplus L. Euphorbia prostrata Aiton Euphorbia serpens Kunth Euphorbia tirucalli L. Euryops chrysanthemoides (DC.) B. Nord. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze Flaveria trinervia (Spreng.) C. Mohr Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Fumaria muralis W.D.J.Koch Galinsoga parviflora Cav. Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav. Gnaphalium purpureum L. Gomphocarpus physocarpus E. Mey. Gomphrena celosioides Mart. Gomphrena globosa L. Gossypium hirsutum L. Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br.
541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Food Ornamental
Naturalised Casual Naturalised Naturalised Casual Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Casual Naturalised
1943 1964 1952 1963 1955 1945 1973 1930 1947 1918 1947
Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae
Ornamental Ornamental
Casual 1978 Naturalised 1959
Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Bignoniaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae
Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental
Casual Invasive Naturalised Casual Invasive Naturalised Naturalised
1907 1917 1976 1952 1922 1933 1955
Crassulaceae Asteraceae Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Fabaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Liliaceae Linaceae
Ornamental Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Food Food Fodder Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Unintentional
Naturalised Naturalised Invasive Casual Invasive Casual Casual Naturalised Casual Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Casual
1938 1977 1937 1905 1928 1951 1953 1953 1949 1933 1962 1961 1949
3 1 1 1 1 1
7 1 1 1
3 1 4 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1
6 1 5 1 2 2 1 14 2 3 2
1
1 1
1
3 2 2 2 5 13 2
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
6 1 1
2 1
1
12 5 2 1 3 3 1 2
1
1 1 4 6 1 1 2 14 7
8 5 4 1 5
1
4
2 2 30 14 3 1 11 8 1 7 1 5 1
11
Euphorbiaceae Apiaceae Asteraceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
Homalanthus populifolius Graham Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f. Hypochaeris radicata L. Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. Hyptis spicigera Lam. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. Indigofera microcarpa Desv. Ipomoea alba L. Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy) D.F. Austin Ipomoea hederifolia L. Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr. var. acuminata (Vahl) Fosberg Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth Ipomoea tricolor Cav. Ipomoea turbinata Lag. Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don Jatropha curcas L. Jatropha gossypiifolia L. var. elegans (Pohl) Müll-Arg. Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Lactuca serriola L. Lantana camara L. Lantana trifolia L. Laphangium luteoalbum (L.) Tzvelev Leontodon saxatilis Lam. Lepidium bonariense L. Lepidium didymum L. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton Ligustrum spp. Lilium formosanum Wallace Linum usitatissimum L.
595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. Myriophyllum spicatum L. Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. Nicotiana glauca Graham Nicotiana rustica L. Nicotiana tabacum L.
Fabaceae Meliaceae
Fodder Fodder Fodder Fodder Unintentional Fodder Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Food Fodder Fodder
Fodder Ornamental, Timber Fabaceae Fodder Fabaceae Fodder Dennstaedtiaceae Ornamental Polypodiaceae Ornamental Fabaceae Unintentional Convolvulaceae Unintentional Nyctaginaceae Unintentional Asteraceae Ornamental Moringaceae Food Moraceae Food, ornamental Haloragaceae Ornamental Haloragaceae Ornamental Brassicaceae Unintentional Solanaceae Ornamental Solanaceae Ornamental Solanaceae Ornamental Solanaceae
Casual Casual Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Casual Casual Casual Casual Invasive Casual Casual Casual
1948 1967 1957 1921 1963 1961 1959 1921 1955 1940 1945 1959 1962 1910
Casual Invasive
1957 1903
Naturalised Casual Casual Casual Naturalised Casual Naturalised Naturalised Casual Naturalised
1931 1926 1951 1954 1918 1919 1933 1946 1943 1926
Invasive Casual Naturalised Invasive Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised
1970 1949 1934 1917 1944 1950 1870
2
7
2
1 1
3 2 5 5 2 6 1 5 4 5 7 2 1 10
4
1 5
1 4
2 14
1 2 1 1
2
4 6 1 1 3 3 8 4 13 9
4
2 1
1 2 5 2 6
1 1 1 1 3 2
1 4
2 1 1
2
1 4 3 8 2
4 3 4 4
1 1 3 1 4 5
1
10 1 9
1
1 1 9 13 1 1
1 12 7 1
1 1
10 1 3 31 21 2 2
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Melilotus albus Medik. Melilotus indicus (L.) All. Microlepia strigosa (Thunb.) K. Presl Microsorum scandens (G.Forst.) Tindale Mimosa pudica L. Mina lobata Cerv. Mirabilis jalapa L. Montanoa hibiscifolia (Benth.) Standl. Moringa oleifera Lam. Morus australis Poir.
Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Anacardiaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae
12
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Lolium multiflorum × perenne Lolium multiflorum Lam. Lolium perenne L. Lolium temulentum L. Lupinus mexicanus Cerv. Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb. Malva neglecta Wallr. Malva parviflora L. var. parviflora Malva sylvestris L. Malva verticillata L. Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke Mangifera indica L. Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal. Medicago polymorpha L. var. brevispica (Benth.) Heyn Medicago polymorpha L. var. polymorpha Melia azedarach L.
649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 Casual
1973
Naturalised Casual Invasive Naturalised Naturalised Invasive
1953 1935 1919 1919 1949 1959
Poaceae Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Asteraceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae
Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Food, Ornamental Food Unintentional Unintentional Fodder Ornamental Unintentional Fodder Fodder Fodder Unintentional Food Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental Food
Casual Naturalised Invasive Casual Naturalised Invasive Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Invasive Casual Naturalised Casual Naturalised
1966 1972 1937 1972 1950 1982 1919 1960 1965 1919 1944 1947 1971 1976 1920
Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Cactaceae Polygonaceae
Ornamental Food Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental
Naturalised Casual Naturalised Casual Invasive
Polygonaceae Polygonaceae
Unintentional Unintentional
Invasive Invasive
Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Cactaceae
1 1 1
1
1
2
7
11 3 6 2
9 3 4 1
9 1 21 7 10 3
6 1 3
2
2 1 2 2 5
2 1 3 1 3 2 9 4 1 13 1
1
1
3 1 2
1921 1920 1960 1942 1959
1 3
2 1 1 5 1
4 5 5 2 4
1919 1931
1 3
14 8
14 27
1
1
1
2 1 9 1 4 2 14 6 1 17 3 5 3 1 5 7 9 7 7 5 29 38
13
Oryza sativa L. Oxalis corniculata L. Oxalis latifolia Kunth Panicum trichoides Sw. Parkinsonia aculeata L. Parthenium hysterophorus L. Paspalum dilatatum Poir. Paspalum distichum L. Paspalum notatum Flüggé Paspalum urvillei Steud. Passiflora edulis Sims Passiflora ligularis Juss. Passiflora subpeltata Ortega Passiflora tarminiana Coppens & V.E. Barney Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P.M. Jørg. Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov. Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. Pereskia aculeata P. Mill. Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H. Gross Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray Persicaria limbata (Meisn.) H. Hara
Solanaceae
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
Nierembergia hippomanica Miers var. violacea Millán Oenothera indecora Cambess. Oenothera laciniata Hill Oenothera rosea L'Hér. ex Aiton Oenothera stricta Ledeb. ex Link Oenothera tetraptera Cav. Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill.
Crop, medicinal, ornamental Ornamental
703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 Fodder Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Food Food Unintentional
Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Casual Naturalised Casual Naturalised
Phytolocaceae Pinaceae
Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.
Pinaceae
Pinus roxburghii Sarg.
Pinaceae
Pistia stratiotes L. Plantago lanceolata L. Plantago major L. Plantago palmata Hook. F. Plectranthus comosus Andrews Poa annua L. Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. Polygonum aviculare L. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Pontederia cordata L. var. lanceolata (Nutt.) Griseb. Populus x canescens (Ait.) Smith Portulaca oleracea L. Primula malacoides Hort. Prosopis spp. Prunus cerasoides D. Don Prunus serotina Ehrh. var. salicifolia (Kunth.) Koene Psidium cattleianum Afzel. ex Sabine
Araceae Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Lamiaceae Poaceae Caryophyllaceae Polygonaceae Poaceae Poaceae Pontederiaceae
Ornamental Ornamental, timber Ornamental, timber Ornamental, timber Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Fodder Fodder Ornamental
Salicaceae Portulacaceae Primulaceae Fabaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae
Unintentional Food Ornamental Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental
Myrtaceae
1955 1925 1964 1947 1958 1906 1942 1922
2
3 10 1 5 4 7 3 9
1 4
2
1 8
1
6
4
11
1
1
1
4 4 2
1
1 4
3
1 2 2 3 4
Naturalised 1956 Casual 1923
2
Invasive
1902
Invasiv
1902
Invasive Naturalised Naturalised Casual Naturalised Naturalised Casual Naturalised Casual Casual Naturalised
1948 1921 1942 1920 1966 1934 1962 1919 1968 1948 1975
Invasive Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Invasive Casual
1947 1975 1972 1974 1950 1944
1
Casual
1961
1
2
1 1
5
1
2
2 5 1 4 2 3
2 7 1 3 2 2 10 1 2 1 1
11 6 5 3 2 16 1 5 1 1 1
3 1 2 1 6 2
4 1 2 1 7 5
1
1 3
1
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Poaceae Poaceae Phyllanthaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae
14
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Phalaris arundinacea L. Phalaris minor Retz. Phyllanthus fraternus G.L.Webster Physalis angulata L. Physalis lagascae Roemer & J.A. Schultes Physalis peruviana L. Physalis philadelphica Lam. Physalis philadelphica var. immaculata Waterf. Phytolacca octandra L. Pinus elliottii Engelm.
757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 Punica granatum L. Ranunclulus sceleratus L. Raphanus raphanistrum L. Raphanus sativus L. Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. Reseda odorata L. Richardia brasiliensis Gomes Richardia scabra L. Ricinus communis L. Rivina humilis L. Rubus niveus Thunb. Rumex acetosella L. Rumex crispus L. Rumex pulcher L. subsp. pulcher Sacciolepis interrupta (Willd.) Stapf Sagina apetala Ard. Salix babylonica L. Salvia coccinea Buc'hoz ex Etl. Salvia nilotica Juss. ex Jacq. Salvia reflexa Hornem. Salvinia molesta Mitchell Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli Santolina chamaecyparissus L. Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F.Blake Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Kuntze ex Thell. Senecio vulgaris L. Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Senna hirsuta (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
Lythraceae Ranunculaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Resedaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Euphorbiaceae Phytolaccaceae Rosaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Poaceae Caryophyllaceae Salicaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salviniaceae Adoxaceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Fabaceae
Ornamental Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental
Casual Casual Invasive Naturalised Naturalised Invasive
Fabaceae Fabaceae
Ornamental Ornamental
Casual 1962 Naturalised 1932
Invasive
1951
Casual Casual Casual Casual Naturalised Casual Invasive Invasive Invasive Naturalised Invasive Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Casual Casual Invasive Casual
1931 1965 1919 1918 1958 1957 1919 1944 1944 1962 1961 1935 1931 1973 1969 1959 1965 1917 1917 1955 1952 1965 1955 1965 1918 1970 1959 1921
4
6
10
1 3 1 1
5
1
1 1 1 1 11 4 3
9 4
1 2 5
4 9 1 10
1
1 1 7 9 5 1 6 3 4 1 6 3 2 6 7 1 4 1
3
15
3
1 8
2 3 13 1 5 6
2
14
1 15
1
3
3 1
2
1 3 2 3 1 2 23 13 9 1 6 12 9 11 6 4 2 12 21 2 17 1 3 3 34 1 7 17 1 33
15
Myrtaceae
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
Psidium guajava L.
Food, ornamental Food, ornamental Ornamental Unintentional Food Food Unintentional Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Ornamental
811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 Ornamental Ornamental
Invasive 1912 Naturalised 1906
Fabaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Rubiaceae Malvaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Asteraceae Poaceae
Ornamental Fodder Food Unintentional Fibre Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Food Unintentional Ornamental Unintentional Food
Casual Naturalised Casual Casual Invasive Casual Casual Naturalised Naturalised Casual Naturalised Casual Invasive Invasive Invasive Casual
1971 1908 1912 1964 1904 1957 1910 1915 1956 1955 1976 1958 1976 1918 1917 1920
Poaceae Bignoniaceae Caryophyllaceae Asteraceae Verbenaceae Caryophyllaceae Asteraceae
Food Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Unintentional NA
Casual Casual Casual Naturalised Casual Naturalised Casual
1920 1977 1944 1976 1977 1919 1958
Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Bignoniaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae
Food Food Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Unintentional Ornamental
Casual Naturalised Naturalised Invasive Naturalised Casual Naturalised Casual
1949 1953 1969 1917 1943 1981 1919 1967
4 4
12 10
6 1
19 3
5
23 1 2 1 1 1
4 1
1 1 8 3
5 10 7
1
4 1
1
5 4 3 1
2
9 1
2
7
13 9 1 14 1 1 9
29 23
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 10 19 3 10 1 2 2 1 5 1 4 3 1 16 7 1 4 1
1
1
1 40 5 1 37 1 7 3 2 1 1 2 1 16 37 13 15 2 3 2 1 11 5 7 4 1 28 8 1 13 1
A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
Fabaceae Fabaceae
16
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Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv. Sherardia arvensis L. Sida cordifolia subsp. maculata (Cav.) Marais Silene armeria L. Silene gallica L. Sinapis arvensis L. Sisymbrium orientale L. Solanum americanum Mill. Solanum betaceum Cav. Solanum lycopersicum L. Solanum mauritianum Scop. Solanum seaforthianum Andrews Sonchus asper (L.) Hill Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. drummondii (Steud.) deWet Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. Spergula arvensis L. Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) G.L. Nesom var. squamatum (Spreng.) S.D.Sundb. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston Tagetes erecta L. Tagetes minuta L. Taraxacum croceum Dahlst. Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f. Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntze
865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 Asteraceae Asteraceae Meliaceae
Naturalised 1944 Invasive 1944 Invasive 1903
Asteraceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae
Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental, timber Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional
Tridax procumbens L. Trifolium campestre Schreb. Trifolium dubium Sibth. Trifolium repens L. Verbena bonariensis L. Verbena brasiliensis Vell. Verbena litoralis Kunth Verbena rigida Spreng. Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) A. Gray Vernonanthura polyanthes (Spreng.) A.J. Vega & Dematt. Veronica persica Poir. Vicia sativa L. var. angustifolia L. Vicia villosa subsp. villosa Wigandia urens (Ruiz & Pavon) Kunth var. caracasana (Kunth) D. N. Gibson Wigandia urens var. caracasana (Kunth) D. Gibson Xanthium spinosum L. Xanthium strumarium L. Zephyranthes minuta (Kunth) D.Dietr. Zinnia peruviana (L.) L. Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.
Naturalised Casual Naturalised Naturalised Naturalised Casual Casual Casual Naturalised Invasive
1948 1959 1931 1931 1924 1931 1958 1974 1959 2016
Plantaginaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Hydrocharitaceae
Unintentional Fodder Unintentional Ornamental
Casual Naturalised Casual Naturalised
1959 1926 1955 1928
Boraginaceae
Ornamental
Casual
1965
Asteraceae Asteraceae Amaryllidaceae Asteraceae Rhamnaceae
Unintentional Unintentional Ornamental Unintentional Food
Invasive Invasive Casual Naturalised Naturalised
1906 1942 1933 1943 1950
4
2 4 1 2
4 3 3
2 7 3
6 10 10
5 1 1 1 1 14 1
12 1 1 5 2 14 1 3
17 2 4 10 5 30 2 3 3 6
2
2 1
3 1
1 6 6 4
4 7 4 2 2
1
1 6
3 1 2
1 11 7 7
1
1
3 6
10 13 5 9 4
7 2
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Please cite this article as: A. Maroyi, Data on introduced plants in Zimbabwe: Floristic changes and patterns of collection based on historical herbarium records, Data in Brief (2017), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.046i
Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F. Blake Toona ciliata M. Roem.
919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 References 18 A. Maroyi / Data in Brief ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
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[1] A. Maroyi, A preliminary checklist of naturalized and introduced plants in Zimbabwe, Kirkia 18 (2006) 177–247. [2] P. Pyšek, D.M. Richardson, M. Rejmanek, G.L. Webster, M. Williamson, J. Kirschner, Alien plants in checklists and flora: towards better communication between taxonomists and ecologists, Taxon 53 (2004) 131–143. [3] A. Maroyi, The casual, naturalised and invasive alien flora of Zimbabwe based on herbarium and literature records, Koedoe (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v54i1.1054. [4] A. Maroyi, Exotic Acacia species in Zimbabwe: a historical and ecological perspective, Stud. Ethno-Med. 9 (2015) 391–399. [5] B. Thiers, Index Herbariorum: A Global Directory Of Public Herbaria And Associated Staff. 〈http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/〉 (Accessed 9 August 2017.
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