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Deception related changes in functional connectivity between prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus
International Journal of Psychophysiology 94 (2014) 120–261
relationship between reward-related functional brain activity in basal ganglia and dishonest behavior will be presented. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.593
123
sensitivity in the nucleus accumbens, as measured using the MID task, predicted the frequency of dishonest behavior across individuals in the coin-flip prediction task. These results suggest that reward sensitivity is an important determinant of honest and dishonest behavior.
Neural basis of deception
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.595
Tatia M.C. Leea, Chetwyn C.H. Chanb Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong b Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Deception related changes in functional connectivity between prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus
a
We choose to withhold the truth sometimes, whether it is for malicious or benign reasons. The act of knowingly withholding the truth is “deception”. Because deception requires cognitive and affective processes that (1) identify the true facts and then (2) manipulate the identified information to achieve the goal of deception, brain activity underlying these two stages should be differentiable. This very assumption is the theoretical basis of neuroimaging studies on deception. We have employed behavioral, neurophysiological and neuroimaging methodologies to understand the neural correlates and processes of deception. We observed robust activation of the prefrontal region, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the inferior parietal region associated with deception, regardless whether affectively neutral or affective stimuli were used. Our fMRI and ERP studies further confirmed that brain processes recruited for different stages of deception are differentiable. Future development of imaging studies on deception will be discussed. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.594
Reward sensitivity in the nucleus accumbens predicts dishonest behavior Nobuhito Abe Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Japan Previous research indicates that consistently honest behavior in response to opportunities for dishonest gain is a matter of “Grace” rather than “Will”. That is, such behavior depends on automatic dispositions to behave honestly rather than the active deployment of cognitive control. The nature of these automatic dispositions remains unknown. In this talk, I will present functional neuroimaging data showing that reward sensitivity plays a critical role in determining whether an individual behaves honestly or dishonestly when confronted with opportunities for dishonest gain. Subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while completing a monetary incentive delay (MID) task in which they anticipated a monetary reward, no reward, or the avoidance of monetary punishment. Individual differences in reward sensitivity were indexed by the level of fMRI BOLD signal in the nucleus accumbens during the anticipation of reward. Subjects also performed an incentivized prediction task that gave subjects repeated opportunities to gain money dishonestly by lying. Subjects attempted to predict the outcomes of random computerized coin-flips and were financially rewarded for accuracy. In some trials, subjects recorded their predictions in advance. In other trials, subjects were rewarded based on self-reported accuracy, allowing them to gain money dishonestly by lying about the accuracy of their predictions. Dishonest behavior was indexed by improbably high levels of self-reported accuracy. We found that reward
Maxim Kireev, Natalia Medvedeva, Alexander Korotkov, Svyatoslav V. Medvedev N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciencies, Russia There is a growing body of experimental data demonstrating that brain areas of the fronto-parietal brain network traditionally associated with deception processing are also responsible for the execution of honest actions. Corresponding patterns of changes in functional brain activity of the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and parietal lobe can be observed in ecologically valid experimental settings which implies free choice between truthful and deceptive actions (Greene and Paxton, 2009; Sip et al., 2013; Kireev et al., 2013). In particular, when both types of actions are not driven by external instruction and equally useful in terms of purposeful behavior they share the same fronto-parietal network. On the other hand, functional activity specifically associated with the execution of deception was recently found in caudate nuclei and inferior parietal cortex (Kireev et al., 2013). At the same time, the information regarding changes in the levels of functional brain activity is not enough for the experimental investigation of the exact neurophysiological mechanism providing the observed involvement of the fronto-parietal cortex and caudate nucleus in deception. As we suggested earlier, the activity in the caudate nucleus associated with the execution of deliberate deception can reflect the involvement of the error detection mechanism discovered by Bechtereva and Gretchin in 1968. In order to further investigate this possibility we conducted an analysis of psychophysiological interaction (PPI, Gitelman et al., 2003) with the usage of previously obtained fMRI data. For this purpose we used the generalized PPI toolbox (McLaren et al., 2012) and ROI-whole brain analysis with two functionally defined ROIs located within the left head caudate nucleus (lNC, specifically related to the execution of deception)and the left middle frontal gyrus (lMFG, comparably activated by both deceptive and honest actions). As a result we revealed that the deliberate execution of deceptive actions was associated with increased functional interaction between adjacent clusters located in the left inferior frontal gyrus (lIFG) and both lMFG and lNC ROIs. Thus, the obtained experimental data shed light on possible ways of interaction between the error detection brain system (caudate nucleus) and the left frontal lobe executive brain system (MFG and IFG). An application of PPI analysis in combination with traditional model based fMRI data analysis substantially improved our understanding of functional brain organization in deception settings. In addition, the obtained results exhibit how functional brain system can be communicate for carrying out the purposeful behavior in general. The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for the Humanities #14-06-00915.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.596
relationship between reward-related functional brain activity in basal ganglia and dishonest behavior will be presented. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.593
123
sensitivity in the nucleus accumbens, as measured using the MID task, predicted the frequency of dishonest behavior across individuals in the coin-flip prediction task. These results suggest that reward sensitivity is an important determinant of honest and dishonest behavior.
Neural basis of deception
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.595
Tatia M.C. Leea, Chetwyn C.H. Chanb Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong b Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Deception related changes in functional connectivity between prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus
a
We choose to withhold the truth sometimes, whether it is for malicious or benign reasons. The act of knowingly withholding the truth is “deception”. Because deception requires cognitive and affective processes that (1) identify the true facts and then (2) manipulate the identified information to achieve the goal of deception, brain activity underlying these two stages should be differentiable. This very assumption is the theoretical basis of neuroimaging studies on deception. We have employed behavioral, neurophysiological and neuroimaging methodologies to understand the neural correlates and processes of deception. We observed robust activation of the prefrontal region, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the inferior parietal region associated with deception, regardless whether affectively neutral or affective stimuli were used. Our fMRI and ERP studies further confirmed that brain processes recruited for different stages of deception are differentiable. Future development of imaging studies on deception will be discussed. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.594
Reward sensitivity in the nucleus accumbens predicts dishonest behavior Nobuhito Abe Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Japan Previous research indicates that consistently honest behavior in response to opportunities for dishonest gain is a matter of “Grace” rather than “Will”. That is, such behavior depends on automatic dispositions to behave honestly rather than the active deployment of cognitive control. The nature of these automatic dispositions remains unknown. In this talk, I will present functional neuroimaging data showing that reward sensitivity plays a critical role in determining whether an individual behaves honestly or dishonestly when confronted with opportunities for dishonest gain. Subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while completing a monetary incentive delay (MID) task in which they anticipated a monetary reward, no reward, or the avoidance of monetary punishment. Individual differences in reward sensitivity were indexed by the level of fMRI BOLD signal in the nucleus accumbens during the anticipation of reward. Subjects also performed an incentivized prediction task that gave subjects repeated opportunities to gain money dishonestly by lying. Subjects attempted to predict the outcomes of random computerized coin-flips and were financially rewarded for accuracy. In some trials, subjects recorded their predictions in advance. In other trials, subjects were rewarded based on self-reported accuracy, allowing them to gain money dishonestly by lying about the accuracy of their predictions. Dishonest behavior was indexed by improbably high levels of self-reported accuracy. We found that reward
Maxim Kireev, Natalia Medvedeva, Alexander Korotkov, Svyatoslav V. Medvedev N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciencies, Russia There is a growing body of experimental data demonstrating that brain areas of the fronto-parietal brain network traditionally associated with deception processing are also responsible for the execution of honest actions. Corresponding patterns of changes in functional brain activity of the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and parietal lobe can be observed in ecologically valid experimental settings which implies free choice between truthful and deceptive actions (Greene and Paxton, 2009; Sip et al., 2013; Kireev et al., 2013). In particular, when both types of actions are not driven by external instruction and equally useful in terms of purposeful behavior they share the same fronto-parietal network. On the other hand, functional activity specifically associated with the execution of deception was recently found in caudate nuclei and inferior parietal cortex (Kireev et al., 2013). At the same time, the information regarding changes in the levels of functional brain activity is not enough for the experimental investigation of the exact neurophysiological mechanism providing the observed involvement of the fronto-parietal cortex and caudate nucleus in deception. As we suggested earlier, the activity in the caudate nucleus associated with the execution of deliberate deception can reflect the involvement of the error detection mechanism discovered by Bechtereva and Gretchin in 1968. In order to further investigate this possibility we conducted an analysis of psychophysiological interaction (PPI, Gitelman et al., 2003) with the usage of previously obtained fMRI data. For this purpose we used the generalized PPI toolbox (McLaren et al., 2012) and ROI-whole brain analysis with two functionally defined ROIs located within the left head caudate nucleus (lNC, specifically related to the execution of deception)and the left middle frontal gyrus (lMFG, comparably activated by both deceptive and honest actions). As a result we revealed that the deliberate execution of deceptive actions was associated with increased functional interaction between adjacent clusters located in the left inferior frontal gyrus (lIFG) and both lMFG and lNC ROIs. Thus, the obtained experimental data shed light on possible ways of interaction between the error detection brain system (caudate nucleus) and the left frontal lobe executive brain system (MFG and IFG). An application of PPI analysis in combination with traditional model based fMRI data analysis substantially improved our understanding of functional brain organization in deception settings. In addition, the obtained results exhibit how functional brain system can be communicate for carrying out the purposeful behavior in general. The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for the Humanities #14-06-00915.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.596