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Decision support system for evaluating pump-and-treat remediation alternatives
ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES:DESIGN METHODS A geostatistical reserve estimation of the Itakpe iron ore deposit was undertaken using data from existingexploratory boreholes. Compositing of mineral content carried out to obtain the average grade for each borehole. The Pearson correlation coefficient(r) was calculated for each borehole in order to establish the relationship between the grade and length of ore. Results obtained indicated that the ordinary mean method was most suitable for calculating the grades of ore in the boreholes. Three variogram models were tested. The Spherical model, being the most suitable to give directional information, was used to study the deposit. It gave a range of 540 meters. The range also allowed the use of triangular and rectangular methods for reserve calculation. For the triangular method, a mineable reserve of 169 95 880 tonnes averaging 32.97% Fe was obtained. For the rectangular method, the mineable reserve of 176 657 550 tounes averaging 32.14% Fe was obtained. In addition, a geological reserve of 87 136 935 tonncs was obtained for the rectangular method giving a total estimated tonnage of 263 794 485 tonnes. These tonnages are comparable with those obtained by the cross-sectionalmethod. (from Authors) 958234 Decision support system for evaluating pump-and-treat remediation alternatives H. S. Rifai, P. B. Bedient & C. J. NeweU, in: Computer techniques in environmental studies V. Vol. I: pollution modeling, ed P. Zannetti, (Computational Mechanics Publications), 1994, pp 219-226. A Decision-Support System (DSS) for evaluating pump-andtreat (P&T) remediation alternatives was developed at Rice University. The pump-and-treat DSS was designed to allow environmental scientists and engineers to design and evaluate the performance of pump-and-treat systems at hazardous waste sites. The DSS consists of three components: a Global module; a site specific module and a simulator module. Each of the three modules has a different focus and objective. The P&T DSS was developed for both the Macintosh and PC Windows platforms using a hypertext programming environment. (from Authors)
Monitoring rock and soil mass performance 958235 Theory of ground stress and infra-red radiation of rockmass (in Chinese) Chen Jianmin, Journal - China Coal Society, 20(3), 1995, pp 256-259. Based on the phenomena of surface and underground stress and infra-red radiation at low temperature, an a m theory, flowing potential theory and piezoelectric effect theory are proposed. The transition mechanism of Atomic Vibration Energy Quantum in the minerals of the rockmass ispresented, in which the effectsproduced in the process of the accelerated accumulation of ground stresses are regarded as emitted energy sources. The theory provides valuable infra red information for prediction of rock burst, earthquake and long-term weather forecast. (English summary) 958236 Effect of geodynamlcs on the reliabifity of the d m behind the Chirkey hydroelectric power plant A. N. Marchuk, M. Sh. Misrikhanov, A. R. Abakarov, Sh. M. Ganibalov & T. Yu. Kxat, Hydrotechnical Construction, 28(5), 1994, pp 273-280; translated from: Gidrotekhnieheskoe Stroitel'stvo,(5), 1994, pp 30-35. This hydroelectric power plant is situated in one of the most seismically active areas of the Caucasus. Large scale paleo-
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seismodeformations have been observed and a series of destructive earthquakes occurred in the early 1970s. This article outlines the geostructural and tectonic scheme of the rock mass enclosing the Chirkey arch dam. Reliable design and concrete safety factors have allowed reliable darn operation to date under conditions of high natural and excited seismicity under a geodynamic load from the left bank. The rock mass is less reliable.Clay interlayers in the rock and the dislocation pattern lower the shear strength under the influence of saturation, changes in upper pool level and repeated earthquakes. To maintain reliabilityand safety of the plant it is necessary to perform check geomechanical calculations, state of the art geodynamic monitoring, and earthquake forecasting. (J.M.McLaughlin) 958237 Zusammenspiel Geologie/Messtechnik am Beispiel des Soanhergtunnels (Interaction between geology and geotechnical monitoring at the Sonnherg Tunnel) N. Helm & K. Rabensteiner, Felsbau, 13(3), 1995, pp 139145. The 544 m long tunnel was built in 6 months as part of the double-track railway line via the Schoberpass. Running parallel to the slope, difficult tunnelling conditions were expected. During construction, cohesive graphite phyllites with mylonitic intrusions showed good excavation hehaviour, but bad long-term behaviour due to their tendency to extensive creep deformation. In less cohesive rock types like chlorite and sericite phyllites, deformation slowed quickly, but cave-ins in the roof section and at the face made excavation difficult. A geotechnical monitoring program was carded out with optical deformation monitoring being the main element. This monitoring made possible the specific use of special measures like installation of additional anchors or placement of a temporary invert in certain sections. (English summary)
ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES Design methods 958238 Expert systems as a guide to safer rock excavation design M. A. Coulthard, in: Eurock '93. Safety and environmental iasues in rock engineering. Proc. symposium, Lisboa, 1993. Vol. 2, ed L. Ribeiro E Sousa & N.F. Grossmann, 1995, pp 1147-1161. Some of the factors which impinge upon rock excavation design, and which might affect the stability and safety of such excavations, are outlined. Expert systems, neural networks and other forms of artificial intelligence are described briefly, and applications of these techniques to various problems associated with rock engineering are reviewed. Exploratory expert systems have been developed at CSIRO to guide engineers in the use of computational stress analysis in excavation design and these are discussed. Finally, some suggestions am made regarding possible future advances in rock excavation safety through the wider use of expert systems and neural networks. (Author) 958239 Underground in a virtual world E. Russell, Tunnels & Tunnelling, 27(4), 1995, pp 39-40. Computerised tunnel design is now well established, with 3D CAD programs at their lowest prices ever. The latest developments are taking place in dynamic software- predicting and displaying movement on screen, ground settlement, air flow, movement of people or heat and smoke
Monitoring rock and soil mass performance 958235 Theory of ground stress and infra-red radiation of rockmass (in Chinese) Chen Jianmin, Journal - China Coal Society, 20(3), 1995, pp 256-259. Based on the phenomena of surface and underground stress and infra-red radiation at low temperature, an a m theory, flowing potential theory and piezoelectric effect theory are proposed. The transition mechanism of Atomic Vibration Energy Quantum in the minerals of the rockmass ispresented, in which the effectsproduced in the process of the accelerated accumulation of ground stresses are regarded as emitted energy sources. The theory provides valuable infra red information for prediction of rock burst, earthquake and long-term weather forecast. (English summary) 958236 Effect of geodynamlcs on the reliabifity of the d m behind the Chirkey hydroelectric power plant A. N. Marchuk, M. Sh. Misrikhanov, A. R. Abakarov, Sh. M. Ganibalov & T. Yu. Kxat, Hydrotechnical Construction, 28(5), 1994, pp 273-280; translated from: Gidrotekhnieheskoe Stroitel'stvo,(5), 1994, pp 30-35. This hydroelectric power plant is situated in one of the most seismically active areas of the Caucasus. Large scale paleo-
389A
seismodeformations have been observed and a series of destructive earthquakes occurred in the early 1970s. This article outlines the geostructural and tectonic scheme of the rock mass enclosing the Chirkey arch dam. Reliable design and concrete safety factors have allowed reliable darn operation to date under conditions of high natural and excited seismicity under a geodynamic load from the left bank. The rock mass is less reliable.Clay interlayers in the rock and the dislocation pattern lower the shear strength under the influence of saturation, changes in upper pool level and repeated earthquakes. To maintain reliabilityand safety of the plant it is necessary to perform check geomechanical calculations, state of the art geodynamic monitoring, and earthquake forecasting. (J.M.McLaughlin) 958237 Zusammenspiel Geologie/Messtechnik am Beispiel des Soanhergtunnels (Interaction between geology and geotechnical monitoring at the Sonnherg Tunnel) N. Helm & K. Rabensteiner, Felsbau, 13(3), 1995, pp 139145. The 544 m long tunnel was built in 6 months as part of the double-track railway line via the Schoberpass. Running parallel to the slope, difficult tunnelling conditions were expected. During construction, cohesive graphite phyllites with mylonitic intrusions showed good excavation hehaviour, but bad long-term behaviour due to their tendency to extensive creep deformation. In less cohesive rock types like chlorite and sericite phyllites, deformation slowed quickly, but cave-ins in the roof section and at the face made excavation difficult. A geotechnical monitoring program was carded out with optical deformation monitoring being the main element. This monitoring made possible the specific use of special measures like installation of additional anchors or placement of a temporary invert in certain sections. (English summary)
ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES Design methods 958238 Expert systems as a guide to safer rock excavation design M. A. Coulthard, in: Eurock '93. Safety and environmental iasues in rock engineering. Proc. symposium, Lisboa, 1993. Vol. 2, ed L. Ribeiro E Sousa & N.F. Grossmann, 1995, pp 1147-1161. Some of the factors which impinge upon rock excavation design, and which might affect the stability and safety of such excavations, are outlined. Expert systems, neural networks and other forms of artificial intelligence are described briefly, and applications of these techniques to various problems associated with rock engineering are reviewed. Exploratory expert systems have been developed at CSIRO to guide engineers in the use of computational stress analysis in excavation design and these are discussed. Finally, some suggestions am made regarding possible future advances in rock excavation safety through the wider use of expert systems and neural networks. (Author) 958239 Underground in a virtual world E. Russell, Tunnels & Tunnelling, 27(4), 1995, pp 39-40. Computerised tunnel design is now well established, with 3D CAD programs at their lowest prices ever. The latest developments are taking place in dynamic software- predicting and displaying movement on screen, ground settlement, air flow, movement of people or heat and smoke