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Degree of conversion and Knoop microhardness of a silorane composite
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d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 3 0 S ( 2 0 1 4 ) e1–e180
141 Esthetic assessment on nanoparticles modified adhesive used for OCT investigation C. Krems 1,∗ , A.C. Cojocariu 1 , C. Sinescu 1 , S.I. Stratul 1 , M.L. Negrutiu 1 , C.A. Podariu 1 , A. Gh Podoleanu 2 1
University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Romania 2 School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, UK http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.140 140 Degree of conversion and Knoop microhardness of a silorane composite A. Nishida ∗ , M.B. Araújo, L.C. Yamasaki, T.G. Carnaval, C.E. Francci University of São Paulo, Brazil Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between degree of conversion and microhardness of a composite based on silorane monomers (Filtek P90-3M ESPE). Methods and materials: The specimens (n = 10/gp, cylindrical 5 mm × 2 mm, light-cured 1100 mW/cm2 ) were divided into 5 groups according to the energy amount obtained by the variation in the irradiation time (8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 J/cm2 ). The DC was performed using a FTIR (Excalibur 3100) and ATR (Miracle) in real time. Sixteen scans of spectra were performed (4cm−1 /20 min). The Knoop Hardness Number (KHN) was performed (Durimet) in a total of 10 indentations/specimen bottom (30 s/25 g). The data were tested for normality and homogeneity and then subjected to ANOVA (5%). Results: The data were presented on table. DC: p = 0.324; KHN: p < 0.001. The groups of 24 and 30 J/cm2 had higher hardness than the groups of 3 and 12 J/cm2 . The 18 J/cm2 group had similar values to 12 and 24 J/cm2 groups. The Pearson regression test showed a strong correlation DC/KHN (p = 0.002, R2 = 0.976). The greater DC, higher KHN. Conclusion: DC was not influenced by the energy, despite the trend of increasing conversion function of the energy amount has been observed. The progressive variation of the energy amount influences the increase of KHN. There is positive correlation between KHN and DC. Keywords: Composites; Hardness; Polymerization Filtek LS
Energy (J/cm2 )
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
3 12 18 24 30
DC (%)
54.2 ± 7.6 a 56.8 ± 9.9 a 61.6 ± 12.5 a 63.2 ± 14.5 a 67.4 ± 5.3 a
KHN
38.6 ± 1.1 C 39.7 ± 1.9 B BC 41.9 ± 2.4 A B 42.3 ± 2.3 AB 43.3 ± 1.5 A
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.141
Purpose: When the optical coherence tomography is employed towards a depth of more than 2 mm inside the sample problems may occur related to the assessment of the adhesive layer. It is difficult to point out the area with adhesive or adhesive with aeric inclusions. Therefore to obtain a contrast on the OCT investigation and increase the scattering of the normal adhesive different new metallic nanoparticles modified dental adhesive were used. Methods and materials: 24 human extracted teeth crackfree were selected for this study. The teeth were stored in physiological saline solution prior to use. On the surface of each tooth a standardized class I cavity was prepared. We grouped 4 samples for fillings with composite resin material and normal dental adhesive. The adhesive was doped in the next 10 samples with zirconia nanoparticles and in the other 10 samples ferric nanoparticles modified dental adhesive was used. All were filled with the same resin composite material. The interfaces were examined by the Optical Coherence Tomography method combined with the confocal microscopy. We investigated all the samples with X-ray and evaluated them with SEM and EDAX. Finally, in order to evaluate the esthetic aspect of the occlusal fillings areas a microscopy approach was done. Results: To notice the differences between the samples with metallic nanoparticles modified adhesive and those with normal adhesive on the X-ray investigations is complicated. It seems to be difficult identifying on the C-scan the Optical Coherence Tomography investigation referring to normal adhesive samples the adhesive layer. It is also difficult to highlight the interface between the adhesive layers, resin fillings, and dental structures. The investigations related to metallic and zirconia nanoparticles modified adhesive samples pointed out that the modified adhesive layers appear in good contrast with the dental structure and resin filling due to the increase of the adhesive scattering. From this point of view on all samples treated in this study B-scan analysis was performed. The results have been achieved with SEM and EDAX analysis. Conclusion: Noninvasive evaluation methods particularly Optical Coherence Tomography working in Time Domain mode have an awesome ability to assess the interfaces between the resin fillings, dental structure and adhesive when a metallic nanoparticles modified adhesive is used. Acknowledgements: The authors want to acknowledge the support of: “This paper was published under the frame of European Social Found, Human Resources
d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 3 0 S ( 2 0 1 4 ) e1–e180
141 Esthetic assessment on nanoparticles modified adhesive used for OCT investigation C. Krems 1,∗ , A.C. Cojocariu 1 , C. Sinescu 1 , S.I. Stratul 1 , M.L. Negrutiu 1 , C.A. Podariu 1 , A. Gh Podoleanu 2 1
University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Romania 2 School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, UK http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.140 140 Degree of conversion and Knoop microhardness of a silorane composite A. Nishida ∗ , M.B. Araújo, L.C. Yamasaki, T.G. Carnaval, C.E. Francci University of São Paulo, Brazil Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between degree of conversion and microhardness of a composite based on silorane monomers (Filtek P90-3M ESPE). Methods and materials: The specimens (n = 10/gp, cylindrical 5 mm × 2 mm, light-cured 1100 mW/cm2 ) were divided into 5 groups according to the energy amount obtained by the variation in the irradiation time (8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 J/cm2 ). The DC was performed using a FTIR (Excalibur 3100) and ATR (Miracle) in real time. Sixteen scans of spectra were performed (4cm−1 /20 min). The Knoop Hardness Number (KHN) was performed (Durimet) in a total of 10 indentations/specimen bottom (30 s/25 g). The data were tested for normality and homogeneity and then subjected to ANOVA (5%). Results: The data were presented on table. DC: p = 0.324; KHN: p < 0.001. The groups of 24 and 30 J/cm2 had higher hardness than the groups of 3 and 12 J/cm2 . The 18 J/cm2 group had similar values to 12 and 24 J/cm2 groups. The Pearson regression test showed a strong correlation DC/KHN (p = 0.002, R2 = 0.976). The greater DC, higher KHN. Conclusion: DC was not influenced by the energy, despite the trend of increasing conversion function of the energy amount has been observed. The progressive variation of the energy amount influences the increase of KHN. There is positive correlation between KHN and DC. Keywords: Composites; Hardness; Polymerization Filtek LS
Energy (J/cm2 )
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
3 12 18 24 30
DC (%)
54.2 ± 7.6 a 56.8 ± 9.9 a 61.6 ± 12.5 a 63.2 ± 14.5 a 67.4 ± 5.3 a
KHN
38.6 ± 1.1 C 39.7 ± 1.9 B BC 41.9 ± 2.4 A B 42.3 ± 2.3 AB 43.3 ± 1.5 A
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.141
Purpose: When the optical coherence tomography is employed towards a depth of more than 2 mm inside the sample problems may occur related to the assessment of the adhesive layer. It is difficult to point out the area with adhesive or adhesive with aeric inclusions. Therefore to obtain a contrast on the OCT investigation and increase the scattering of the normal adhesive different new metallic nanoparticles modified dental adhesive were used. Methods and materials: 24 human extracted teeth crackfree were selected for this study. The teeth were stored in physiological saline solution prior to use. On the surface of each tooth a standardized class I cavity was prepared. We grouped 4 samples for fillings with composite resin material and normal dental adhesive. The adhesive was doped in the next 10 samples with zirconia nanoparticles and in the other 10 samples ferric nanoparticles modified dental adhesive was used. All were filled with the same resin composite material. The interfaces were examined by the Optical Coherence Tomography method combined with the confocal microscopy. We investigated all the samples with X-ray and evaluated them with SEM and EDAX. Finally, in order to evaluate the esthetic aspect of the occlusal fillings areas a microscopy approach was done. Results: To notice the differences between the samples with metallic nanoparticles modified adhesive and those with normal adhesive on the X-ray investigations is complicated. It seems to be difficult identifying on the C-scan the Optical Coherence Tomography investigation referring to normal adhesive samples the adhesive layer. It is also difficult to highlight the interface between the adhesive layers, resin fillings, and dental structures. The investigations related to metallic and zirconia nanoparticles modified adhesive samples pointed out that the modified adhesive layers appear in good contrast with the dental structure and resin filling due to the increase of the adhesive scattering. From this point of view on all samples treated in this study B-scan analysis was performed. The results have been achieved with SEM and EDAX analysis. Conclusion: Noninvasive evaluation methods particularly Optical Coherence Tomography working in Time Domain mode have an awesome ability to assess the interfaces between the resin fillings, dental structure and adhesive when a metallic nanoparticles modified adhesive is used. Acknowledgements: The authors want to acknowledge the support of: “This paper was published under the frame of European Social Found, Human Resources