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DEGREES FOR LONDON MEDICAL STUDENTS.
1488
indignant at the tenour of the letter, which, by implication, fate on a second attempt and only succeeded in passing this asperses Dr. P. Manson and Dr. 0. W. Daniels with filching much longer and more searching examination some 18 the credit due to other men for their discoveries, and we months after passing the Conjoint Board, practically the whole of the time between again being spent in steady shall prove hereby how unjust it all is. Briefly put, the case is as follows. A patient has been work. Not only is the examination longer and more resident for some time in the Tropical School Branch of the searching, but that the standard required is higher Seamen’s Hospital. Dr. Manson, very early, from the is, I think, made evident by the smaller percentage patient’s symptoms, inferred the presence in the blood of of men passed at the universities. I am by no means the trypanosoma, and communicated to all of us in the selfishly averse to every facility being put in the way of the ambitious diplomate of obtaining a degree which has course of his routine visits to the wards, his conviction that In the laboratory, been honestly worked for and earned, but I must protest, in the parasite would eventually be found. accordingly, Dr. Daniels made careful daily examinations of common justice, against efforts to obtain what is desired by the blood and eventually was successful, and repeatedly so, belittling the degrees which have cost many of us so much in his quest. On the day on which the parasite was first in time, labour, and money. I am, Sirs, yours faithfully, found it fell due that Dr. Manson should lecture in A GRADUATE AND DIPLOMATE. due course. He did so and began by referring to the case, Nov. 21st, 1902. first clearing the ground by disclaiming all originality on his part. He told us that it was a case the clinical features of which had been demonstrated to him at Liverpool which had put him on the track or the cause of the one under dispute. TYPHOID FEVER AND THE PAIL SYSTEM He recounted to us clearly the work which had been done at AT NOTTINGHAM. Liverpool in connexion with the parasite, told us how it had (FROM OUR SPECIAL SANITARY COMMISSIONER.) been demonstrated in the human blood in more than one case by more than one observer, and, above all, did full justice to the Liverpool School. Dr. Daniels in the laboratory accorded ed NOTTINGHAM is a bright-looking, handsome town. The the same full acknowledgment to the Liverpool School. is clear and free from smoke, atmosphere comparatively You will see, therefore, that in giving all this information on there are fine gardens and open spaces, broad thoroughfares, to us who will shortly be carrying the facts to all parts of the ze Empire these two gentlemen did anything rather than try to lofty, even monumental buildings, and to judge from outward filch the credit due to other men for their discoveries. Of )f appearances this would seem to be at once a prosperous at and a course-though some of us can-we cannot all affirm that healthy centre where much that is ancient and Mr. R. M. Forde and Dr. J. E. Dutton were mentioned by historical mingles with modern industrial developments. name, for men home on leave, snatching information in a id A hostile critic might nevertheless be tempted to compare hurry, are more concerned with facts than with names and this favourable external aspect to the proverbial whited are very prone to cast aside the latter as useless lumberld sepulchre. this with the fullest respect for scientific pioneers. Could Such a simile would certainly be exaggerated, Dr. Manson and Dr. Daniels have done more ? but it could be justified at least in one not unimportant le All the above notwithstanding, we are all proud of the particular. It cannot be said that taking the death-rate as a whole Nottingham is an unhealthy town, for it amounted s, present case ; for we believe that the utilising of the facts, ito 18’5 per 1000 in 1901 and this gives Nottingham in the gleaned from the Liverpool case, by Dr. Manson in so conie fidently postulating the parasite in the present case from the Registrar-General’s tables about the middle place among clinical facts alone is quite in keeping with his reputation. the great towns of England and Wales. But when it .. Tantæne animis cælestibus iræ? "which may be freely y is noted that the average number of inhabitants is only n 4’5per house, that the total population does not amount interpreted : Don Quixote was not the only free companion !e who tilted at windmills. We are particularly sorry to see to more than 239,753, and that there is a low birth-rate, )r appended to the letter the name of Major Ross, for something better than this medium result might well have s 1 been hitherto, in our estimation, he and Dr. Manson have always anticipated As a matter of fact, there is a weak point, st and a very weak point, in the sanitary armour that should stood together in our list of medical worthies, and we trust that we shall never again see anything in print which may the town. In regard to drainage Nottingham is y protect ] lead to the suspicion of discord between the two. behind the age, with the result that typhoid fever ; We are, Sirs, your obedient servants, is endemic and periodically assumes the epidemic form. C. J BAKER. J. LUNN. Indeed, so serious is this that last year, according to the T. HOOD. R. A. BELILIOS. Registrar-General’s returns, the death-rate at Nottingham E. LANGLEY HUNT. WILLIAM FLETCHER. from typhoid fever amounted to 0.35 per 1000 of the populaRAOUL F. DE BOISSIÈRE. M. E. O’DEA. tion, and was therefore higher than that of any other town. G. IVANHOE LECESNE. TAYLOR HANCOCK. After Nottingham comes Salford, with a typhoid fever deathAUBREY H. DAVITT. GEOFFREY HUNGERFORD. rate of 0’33 ; West Ham, 0-32; Sheffield, 0-31 ; and SunderEMMELINE DA CUNHA. M. CAMERON BLAIR. land, 0’ 29 per 1000. The typhoid fever death-rate of London London School of Tropical Medicine, was 0 12, and that of the most favoured of the large towns Royal Albert Dock, E., Nov. 22nd, 1902. 010 per 1000 ; while the average for the 33 large towns was **We have also received a lengthy letter on the abovee017 per 1000. subject from Dr. Louis W. Sambon. The letter wass The position of Nottingham in regard to typhoid fever would be excusable if these figures were the result of some received too late for insertion this week.-ED. L. unexpected outbreak arising from some unsuspected cause. But the reverse is the case. The prevalence of typhoid fever was but a continuation of the previous conditions. There DEGREES FOR LONDON MEDICAL is absolutely nothing unusual about it, and as for the cause, it is well known and has been exposed over and over STUDENTS. with the utmost lucidity and substantiated by a most again To the Editors of THE LANCET. formidable array of facts and figures. The medical officer of SIRS,-The London diplomates who, quite justifiably Ihealth of Nottingham, Dr. Philip Boobbyer, has repeatedly think, ask for facilities for obtaining a degree I believe issued reports, maps, and diagrams to show the intimate weaken their own cause and alienate sympathy by con- relation between the prevalence of typhoid fever and the stantly affirming, as they do, that the Conjoint examinationss presence of pail-closets. Indeed, these reports have become are in every respect equal to those required for the Oxford1 well known to sanitary reformers in different parts of the or Of the other provincial de- world, but they seem to have had more influence in other Cambridge degrees. Taking my own casei towns than in Nottingham. For many years past Dr. grees I cannot personally speak. (and I believe that there are many who could quotei Boobbyer has patiently worked out the evidence, case by the same experience) I passed the final examination of case, and now and then he has adduced figures ranging the Conjoint Board without a single failure, taking two. over ten years and many thousand cases to prove his subjects at one examination and one three months later, but; contention. Nevertheless, no notice has been taken of these on attempting the final M. B., B. Ch. about two months after terrible indictments and nothing has been done. A special this qualification, though the intervening time had been report was printed by the medical officer of health in 1897 " spent in steady work, I was ploughed. I met a similar giving all the cases of typhoid fever that had occurred in
3y a -
altogether
-
-
.
indignant at the tenour of the letter, which, by implication, fate on a second attempt and only succeeded in passing this asperses Dr. P. Manson and Dr. 0. W. Daniels with filching much longer and more searching examination some 18 the credit due to other men for their discoveries, and we months after passing the Conjoint Board, practically the whole of the time between again being spent in steady shall prove hereby how unjust it all is. Briefly put, the case is as follows. A patient has been work. Not only is the examination longer and more resident for some time in the Tropical School Branch of the searching, but that the standard required is higher Seamen’s Hospital. Dr. Manson, very early, from the is, I think, made evident by the smaller percentage patient’s symptoms, inferred the presence in the blood of of men passed at the universities. I am by no means the trypanosoma, and communicated to all of us in the selfishly averse to every facility being put in the way of the ambitious diplomate of obtaining a degree which has course of his routine visits to the wards, his conviction that In the laboratory, been honestly worked for and earned, but I must protest, in the parasite would eventually be found. accordingly, Dr. Daniels made careful daily examinations of common justice, against efforts to obtain what is desired by the blood and eventually was successful, and repeatedly so, belittling the degrees which have cost many of us so much in his quest. On the day on which the parasite was first in time, labour, and money. I am, Sirs, yours faithfully, found it fell due that Dr. Manson should lecture in A GRADUATE AND DIPLOMATE. due course. He did so and began by referring to the case, Nov. 21st, 1902. first clearing the ground by disclaiming all originality on his part. He told us that it was a case the clinical features of which had been demonstrated to him at Liverpool which had put him on the track or the cause of the one under dispute. TYPHOID FEVER AND THE PAIL SYSTEM He recounted to us clearly the work which had been done at AT NOTTINGHAM. Liverpool in connexion with the parasite, told us how it had (FROM OUR SPECIAL SANITARY COMMISSIONER.) been demonstrated in the human blood in more than one case by more than one observer, and, above all, did full justice to the Liverpool School. Dr. Daniels in the laboratory accorded ed NOTTINGHAM is a bright-looking, handsome town. The the same full acknowledgment to the Liverpool School. is clear and free from smoke, atmosphere comparatively You will see, therefore, that in giving all this information on there are fine gardens and open spaces, broad thoroughfares, to us who will shortly be carrying the facts to all parts of the ze Empire these two gentlemen did anything rather than try to lofty, even monumental buildings, and to judge from outward filch the credit due to other men for their discoveries. Of )f appearances this would seem to be at once a prosperous at and a course-though some of us can-we cannot all affirm that healthy centre where much that is ancient and Mr. R. M. Forde and Dr. J. E. Dutton were mentioned by historical mingles with modern industrial developments. name, for men home on leave, snatching information in a id A hostile critic might nevertheless be tempted to compare hurry, are more concerned with facts than with names and this favourable external aspect to the proverbial whited are very prone to cast aside the latter as useless lumberld sepulchre. this with the fullest respect for scientific pioneers. Could Such a simile would certainly be exaggerated, Dr. Manson and Dr. Daniels have done more ? but it could be justified at least in one not unimportant le All the above notwithstanding, we are all proud of the particular. It cannot be said that taking the death-rate as a whole Nottingham is an unhealthy town, for it amounted s, present case ; for we believe that the utilising of the facts, ito 18’5 per 1000 in 1901 and this gives Nottingham in the gleaned from the Liverpool case, by Dr. Manson in so conie fidently postulating the parasite in the present case from the Registrar-General’s tables about the middle place among clinical facts alone is quite in keeping with his reputation. the great towns of England and Wales. But when it .. Tantæne animis cælestibus iræ? "which may be freely y is noted that the average number of inhabitants is only n 4’5per house, that the total population does not amount interpreted : Don Quixote was not the only free companion !e who tilted at windmills. We are particularly sorry to see to more than 239,753, and that there is a low birth-rate, )r appended to the letter the name of Major Ross, for something better than this medium result might well have s 1 been hitherto, in our estimation, he and Dr. Manson have always anticipated As a matter of fact, there is a weak point, st and a very weak point, in the sanitary armour that should stood together in our list of medical worthies, and we trust that we shall never again see anything in print which may the town. In regard to drainage Nottingham is y protect ] lead to the suspicion of discord between the two. behind the age, with the result that typhoid fever ; We are, Sirs, your obedient servants, is endemic and periodically assumes the epidemic form. C. J BAKER. J. LUNN. Indeed, so serious is this that last year, according to the T. HOOD. R. A. BELILIOS. Registrar-General’s returns, the death-rate at Nottingham E. LANGLEY HUNT. WILLIAM FLETCHER. from typhoid fever amounted to 0.35 per 1000 of the populaRAOUL F. DE BOISSIÈRE. M. E. O’DEA. tion, and was therefore higher than that of any other town. G. IVANHOE LECESNE. TAYLOR HANCOCK. After Nottingham comes Salford, with a typhoid fever deathAUBREY H. DAVITT. GEOFFREY HUNGERFORD. rate of 0’33 ; West Ham, 0-32; Sheffield, 0-31 ; and SunderEMMELINE DA CUNHA. M. CAMERON BLAIR. land, 0’ 29 per 1000. The typhoid fever death-rate of London London School of Tropical Medicine, was 0 12, and that of the most favoured of the large towns Royal Albert Dock, E., Nov. 22nd, 1902. 010 per 1000 ; while the average for the 33 large towns was **We have also received a lengthy letter on the abovee017 per 1000. subject from Dr. Louis W. Sambon. The letter wass The position of Nottingham in regard to typhoid fever would be excusable if these figures were the result of some received too late for insertion this week.-ED. L. unexpected outbreak arising from some unsuspected cause. But the reverse is the case. The prevalence of typhoid fever was but a continuation of the previous conditions. There DEGREES FOR LONDON MEDICAL is absolutely nothing unusual about it, and as for the cause, it is well known and has been exposed over and over STUDENTS. with the utmost lucidity and substantiated by a most again To the Editors of THE LANCET. formidable array of facts and figures. The medical officer of SIRS,-The London diplomates who, quite justifiably Ihealth of Nottingham, Dr. Philip Boobbyer, has repeatedly think, ask for facilities for obtaining a degree I believe issued reports, maps, and diagrams to show the intimate weaken their own cause and alienate sympathy by con- relation between the prevalence of typhoid fever and the stantly affirming, as they do, that the Conjoint examinationss presence of pail-closets. Indeed, these reports have become are in every respect equal to those required for the Oxford1 well known to sanitary reformers in different parts of the or Of the other provincial de- world, but they seem to have had more influence in other Cambridge degrees. Taking my own casei towns than in Nottingham. For many years past Dr. grees I cannot personally speak. (and I believe that there are many who could quotei Boobbyer has patiently worked out the evidence, case by the same experience) I passed the final examination of case, and now and then he has adduced figures ranging the Conjoint Board without a single failure, taking two. over ten years and many thousand cases to prove his subjects at one examination and one three months later, but; contention. Nevertheless, no notice has been taken of these on attempting the final M. B., B. Ch. about two months after terrible indictments and nothing has been done. A special this qualification, though the intervening time had been report was printed by the medical officer of health in 1897 " spent in steady work, I was ploughed. I met a similar giving all the cases of typhoid fever that had occurred in
3y a -
altogether
-
-
.