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Dentistry for the child and adolescent
Journal
of Dentistry,
Book
3, 238-240
Reviews
Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. Ed. by RALPH E. MCDONALD. Second edition, 254x 178 mm. Pp. 561 +x, with 1056 illustrations. 1974. St Louis: Mosby (London: Kimpton). g9.25.
a little surprising, however, to find the phrase ‘ self-cleansing area ’ still used. A chapter on dental materials follows which is very goodconcise and informative with many points of practical interest. Diseases of the periodontium This second edition of Dentistry for the Child and have a large chapter with many interesting cases, Adolescent is written, as was the first, by Dr followed by an especially thorough chapter on oral McDonald and a team of colleagues from the hygiene techniques, although hopefully the diagram University of Indiana, and the layout and content added in this edition to describe the Bass toothare essentially similar. A wide range of topics brushing method is not meant for the patients to related to dental care for the child and adolescent use. Management of traumatic injuries to the teeth is covered and there appear to be no serious and supporting tissues(a problem affecting as much as 10 per cent of the child population) is well omissions. In any book with multiple authorship it is covered. However, the reviewer is unhappy with inevitable that some chapters will be better than the use of pulp capping for pulpally involved others and this book is no exception. There is avery immature permanent incisors as advocated-these thorough chapter on radiography for the child. teeth should be treated by pulpotomy using calcium Although many authorities in this country would hydroxide as the medicament. Also, the idea that a question the need for as extensive a survey as tooth which does not respond to vitality testing 2 mandibular and maxillary anterior occlusal, weeks after injury needs further immediate treatmaxillary and mandibular right and left posterior ment seems questionable. In general though, the occlusal and left and right lateral jaw films in problems commonly met with are covered in good addition to the usual left and right bitewing films practical detail, especially in relation to immediate, for the 3-6-year-old child, the description of radio- intermediate and long term restorations. graphic technique is clear and detailed and the Growth of the face and dental arches, space importance of safety stressed. maintenance and correction of minor irregularities The chapter on treatment of pulpally involved of the teeth are dealt with at considerable length. teeth includes a paragraph on treatment of the Many of the ideas on space maintenance and some non-vital primary molar with, among other things, on thumb-sucking would meet with little support beechwood creosote. This is unusual in an Ameri- in the British Isles. Care of handicapped patients is can textbook where such teeth are usually recom- discussedand their treatment in the dental surgery mended for extraction. Dr Pamela Hobson in in the usual way without recourse to general Manchester has been advocating a similar tech- anaesthesia encouraged. The chapter on cleft nique for many years and it seemsa pity that there palate is rather poor, and although the importance is no reference to her investigations. The chapter of a comprehensive preventive programme is menon pain control has been expanded to include a tioned it lacks sufficient emphasis and practical thorough description of the use of relative anal- detail. An informative and interesting chapter on gesia in addition to the already sound descriptions speech is included and is especially useful since the of local and general anaesthesia and sedation. undergraduate course often seems to pay little In discussing restorative dentistry for children attention to this rather fundamental activity of the there is a commendable emphasis on excellence, mouth and respiratory passages. Concise and and the section on cavity preparation in the helpful chapters on oral infections, skin diseases primary and permanent dentitions owed much to and oral tumours are contributed by Dr W. G. modern ideas on conservation of tooth tissue. It is Shafer. There is also a chapter on oral surgical
Book Reviews
239
procedures which is useful, but excision of the mucous membrane overlying eruption cysts as advocated is rarely necessary. The special dental problems of the adolescent receive a chapter of their own with practical advice on treatment with well-illustrated examples. Generally the book is well produced although one is disappointed that some of the illustrations which were of poor quailty in the first edition have been retained. Although there may seem to be a number of criticisms, they are mainly of a minor nature. All practitioners who have children in their care would find this book useful for reference and many will want to own it. PETER
LONGHURST
Symposia of the Fourth International Congress of Primatology, Portland, Ore, 1972. Vol. 3. Craniofacial Embryology of Primates. Volume editor M. R. ZINGESER. 240x 165 mm. Pp. 268+x, with
66 illustrations. 1973. Basel: Karger. E16.70. The contributions to the Fourth International Congress of Primatology were divided into three sections: the evolution of the masticatory system; dental morphology and systematics; and craniofacial growth, development and functional anatomy. In the first section the search for the history of each wear facet on molar teeth was continued, particularly the facets within the palatal cusps of upper molars which develop when the lower teeth swing across the upper teeth in the so-called ‘ lingual ’ phase of occlusion. Butler traces these facets in a series of Palaeocene and Eocene primates, concluding that lingual phase occlusion evolved as an adaptation to a herbivorous or omnivorous diet. Hiiemae and Kay reached the same conclusion. They also analysed X-rays of jaw movements in one each (?) of 4 primates, concluding from the similarity of the facets on these teeth with those of 3 fossil primates that they had demonstrated the sequence in which masticatory movements had evolved, but how typical of a species are the jaw movements of one animal? Mills repeats his conclusion that during the lingual swing the mandible rotates about a vertical axis passing through the condyle of the working side. The contributors to the second section played the well-known ‘ how variable is a species’ game. From measurements of gorilla teeth, Green concluded that the differences between the teeth of and Paranthropus are much Australopitherus greater than could be attributed to sexual dimorphism. Therefore, there is a specific distinction, if
not a generic one, between the two taxa. However, Frisch showed that there are far greater differences in absolute size between the molars of two species of gibbon than between those of the robust and gracile australopithecines. He considers that morphological features such as the cingulum are far better for assessingthe status of recent and fossil forms. He received support from von Koenigswold, who concludes that the welldeveloped cingulum on Proconsul and its absence from contemporaneous pongids precludes Proconsul from the ancestry of any living pongids. Kinzey added to the data banks with measurements of cingula in living platyrrhine monkeys. Finally, Steel analyses measurements of teeth from 14 species of Tupaiidae, discussing the extent to which particular individual measurements amongst the 43 taken can best identify particular groups of animal. He upstages his competitors by using a computer for his analyses and by producing some elegant diagrams of his results which would look well in any gallery of modern art. In an appendix Hisaoka tells us that last year ‘ the NIH commitment to studies using primates approximated $3,000,000.00 ’ (3 million dollars and no cents!). Some of this money has contributed to the investigations in the third section, the search for a philosopher’s stone of orthodontics. Granted that skull growth is one of the most frustrating and difficult of all problems in the dental field, but much of the writing on the subject piles confusion upon confusion. Consider the following extract which typifies much of this volume: ‘ skeletal organ growth regulation reflects, temporally and ontogenetically, secondary, compensatory, and mechanically obligatory responses to the prior and morphogenetically primary demands of those non-skeletal tissues, organs, and functioning spaces that themselves actually carry out the several (and integrated) functions of the head and neck.’ ‘ Impenetrability! That’s what I say.1’ At least, that’s what Humpty Dumpty said. Moffett has designed orthodontic experiments on monkeys in an attempt to alter the morphology of the craniofacial skeleton. Histological analysis of the effects of these pilot experiments may later influence the more heroic orthodontic treatments attempted on human subjects. Moss introduces conceptual data (sic) into an analysis of craniofacial growth. His thesis is that growth of soft tissuescontrols the growth of the cranium and face. By means of X-rays Sarnat studies sutural growth in monkeys following implantation of amalgam markers on each side of the suture. Swindler, Sirianni and Tarrant swell the data banks with a
of Dentistry,
Book
3, 238-240
Reviews
Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. Ed. by RALPH E. MCDONALD. Second edition, 254x 178 mm. Pp. 561 +x, with 1056 illustrations. 1974. St Louis: Mosby (London: Kimpton). g9.25.
a little surprising, however, to find the phrase ‘ self-cleansing area ’ still used. A chapter on dental materials follows which is very goodconcise and informative with many points of practical interest. Diseases of the periodontium This second edition of Dentistry for the Child and have a large chapter with many interesting cases, Adolescent is written, as was the first, by Dr followed by an especially thorough chapter on oral McDonald and a team of colleagues from the hygiene techniques, although hopefully the diagram University of Indiana, and the layout and content added in this edition to describe the Bass toothare essentially similar. A wide range of topics brushing method is not meant for the patients to related to dental care for the child and adolescent use. Management of traumatic injuries to the teeth is covered and there appear to be no serious and supporting tissues(a problem affecting as much as 10 per cent of the child population) is well omissions. In any book with multiple authorship it is covered. However, the reviewer is unhappy with inevitable that some chapters will be better than the use of pulp capping for pulpally involved others and this book is no exception. There is avery immature permanent incisors as advocated-these thorough chapter on radiography for the child. teeth should be treated by pulpotomy using calcium Although many authorities in this country would hydroxide as the medicament. Also, the idea that a question the need for as extensive a survey as tooth which does not respond to vitality testing 2 mandibular and maxillary anterior occlusal, weeks after injury needs further immediate treatmaxillary and mandibular right and left posterior ment seems questionable. In general though, the occlusal and left and right lateral jaw films in problems commonly met with are covered in good addition to the usual left and right bitewing films practical detail, especially in relation to immediate, for the 3-6-year-old child, the description of radio- intermediate and long term restorations. graphic technique is clear and detailed and the Growth of the face and dental arches, space importance of safety stressed. maintenance and correction of minor irregularities The chapter on treatment of pulpally involved of the teeth are dealt with at considerable length. teeth includes a paragraph on treatment of the Many of the ideas on space maintenance and some non-vital primary molar with, among other things, on thumb-sucking would meet with little support beechwood creosote. This is unusual in an Ameri- in the British Isles. Care of handicapped patients is can textbook where such teeth are usually recom- discussedand their treatment in the dental surgery mended for extraction. Dr Pamela Hobson in in the usual way without recourse to general Manchester has been advocating a similar tech- anaesthesia encouraged. The chapter on cleft nique for many years and it seemsa pity that there palate is rather poor, and although the importance is no reference to her investigations. The chapter of a comprehensive preventive programme is menon pain control has been expanded to include a tioned it lacks sufficient emphasis and practical thorough description of the use of relative anal- detail. An informative and interesting chapter on gesia in addition to the already sound descriptions speech is included and is especially useful since the of local and general anaesthesia and sedation. undergraduate course often seems to pay little In discussing restorative dentistry for children attention to this rather fundamental activity of the there is a commendable emphasis on excellence, mouth and respiratory passages. Concise and and the section on cavity preparation in the helpful chapters on oral infections, skin diseases primary and permanent dentitions owed much to and oral tumours are contributed by Dr W. G. modern ideas on conservation of tooth tissue. It is Shafer. There is also a chapter on oral surgical
Book Reviews
239
procedures which is useful, but excision of the mucous membrane overlying eruption cysts as advocated is rarely necessary. The special dental problems of the adolescent receive a chapter of their own with practical advice on treatment with well-illustrated examples. Generally the book is well produced although one is disappointed that some of the illustrations which were of poor quailty in the first edition have been retained. Although there may seem to be a number of criticisms, they are mainly of a minor nature. All practitioners who have children in their care would find this book useful for reference and many will want to own it. PETER
LONGHURST
Symposia of the Fourth International Congress of Primatology, Portland, Ore, 1972. Vol. 3. Craniofacial Embryology of Primates. Volume editor M. R. ZINGESER. 240x 165 mm. Pp. 268+x, with
66 illustrations. 1973. Basel: Karger. E16.70. The contributions to the Fourth International Congress of Primatology were divided into three sections: the evolution of the masticatory system; dental morphology and systematics; and craniofacial growth, development and functional anatomy. In the first section the search for the history of each wear facet on molar teeth was continued, particularly the facets within the palatal cusps of upper molars which develop when the lower teeth swing across the upper teeth in the so-called ‘ lingual ’ phase of occlusion. Butler traces these facets in a series of Palaeocene and Eocene primates, concluding that lingual phase occlusion evolved as an adaptation to a herbivorous or omnivorous diet. Hiiemae and Kay reached the same conclusion. They also analysed X-rays of jaw movements in one each (?) of 4 primates, concluding from the similarity of the facets on these teeth with those of 3 fossil primates that they had demonstrated the sequence in which masticatory movements had evolved, but how typical of a species are the jaw movements of one animal? Mills repeats his conclusion that during the lingual swing the mandible rotates about a vertical axis passing through the condyle of the working side. The contributors to the second section played the well-known ‘ how variable is a species’ game. From measurements of gorilla teeth, Green concluded that the differences between the teeth of and Paranthropus are much Australopitherus greater than could be attributed to sexual dimorphism. Therefore, there is a specific distinction, if
not a generic one, between the two taxa. However, Frisch showed that there are far greater differences in absolute size between the molars of two species of gibbon than between those of the robust and gracile australopithecines. He considers that morphological features such as the cingulum are far better for assessingthe status of recent and fossil forms. He received support from von Koenigswold, who concludes that the welldeveloped cingulum on Proconsul and its absence from contemporaneous pongids precludes Proconsul from the ancestry of any living pongids. Kinzey added to the data banks with measurements of cingula in living platyrrhine monkeys. Finally, Steel analyses measurements of teeth from 14 species of Tupaiidae, discussing the extent to which particular individual measurements amongst the 43 taken can best identify particular groups of animal. He upstages his competitors by using a computer for his analyses and by producing some elegant diagrams of his results which would look well in any gallery of modern art. In an appendix Hisaoka tells us that last year ‘ the NIH commitment to studies using primates approximated $3,000,000.00 ’ (3 million dollars and no cents!). Some of this money has contributed to the investigations in the third section, the search for a philosopher’s stone of orthodontics. Granted that skull growth is one of the most frustrating and difficult of all problems in the dental field, but much of the writing on the subject piles confusion upon confusion. Consider the following extract which typifies much of this volume: ‘ skeletal organ growth regulation reflects, temporally and ontogenetically, secondary, compensatory, and mechanically obligatory responses to the prior and morphogenetically primary demands of those non-skeletal tissues, organs, and functioning spaces that themselves actually carry out the several (and integrated) functions of the head and neck.’ ‘ Impenetrability! That’s what I say.1’ At least, that’s what Humpty Dumpty said. Moffett has designed orthodontic experiments on monkeys in an attempt to alter the morphology of the craniofacial skeleton. Histological analysis of the effects of these pilot experiments may later influence the more heroic orthodontic treatments attempted on human subjects. Moss introduces conceptual data (sic) into an analysis of craniofacial growth. His thesis is that growth of soft tissuescontrols the growth of the cranium and face. By means of X-rays Sarnat studies sutural growth in monkeys following implantation of amalgam markers on each side of the suture. Swindler, Sirianni and Tarrant swell the data banks with a