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Dermal absorption potential of industrial chemicals
162
The Science of the Total Environment, 101 (1991) 162 Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam-- Printed in Czechoslovakia
DERMAL ABSORPTION POTENTIAL OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
V. FISEROVA-BERGEROVAand T. PIERCE
University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A.; Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, U.S.A.
Information on dermal absorption of industrial chemicals provided by different authorities engaged in setting safety criteria is inconsistent and unsystematic. In this study, dermal absorption potential, which is defined as a dermal absorption rate (flux), was calculated for 150 organic chemicals listed in the TLV-booklet and compared with their pulmonary absorption during exposure to concentrations in the range of TLV. Calculation of flux is based on the Cooper-Brener model, utilizing molecular weight, aqueous solubility, and octanol-water partition coefficient. Calculations for 33 chemicals were discarded since the differences between measured and predicted aqueous solubility (Yalkowski model) were unacceptable. Dermal absorption potential was considered as significant if, as a result of dermal exposure, the arterial blood concentration increased 50% above levels induced by inhalation exposure to TLV. Dermal exposure was defined as contact by 2% of body surface (equivalent to stretched palms and fingers) to a saturated aqueous solution of the chemical. The study showed that 78% of the studied chemicals have a dermal absorption potential. In dermal exposure to vapors, 10% of the studied chemicals are likely to significantly increase the biological levels above the levels reached during inhalation exposure only.
0048-9697/9 I/$03.50
© 1991 Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.
The Science of the Total Environment, 101 (1991) 162 Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam-- Printed in Czechoslovakia
DERMAL ABSORPTION POTENTIAL OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
V. FISEROVA-BERGEROVAand T. PIERCE
University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A.; Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, U.S.A.
Information on dermal absorption of industrial chemicals provided by different authorities engaged in setting safety criteria is inconsistent and unsystematic. In this study, dermal absorption potential, which is defined as a dermal absorption rate (flux), was calculated for 150 organic chemicals listed in the TLV-booklet and compared with their pulmonary absorption during exposure to concentrations in the range of TLV. Calculation of flux is based on the Cooper-Brener model, utilizing molecular weight, aqueous solubility, and octanol-water partition coefficient. Calculations for 33 chemicals were discarded since the differences between measured and predicted aqueous solubility (Yalkowski model) were unacceptable. Dermal absorption potential was considered as significant if, as a result of dermal exposure, the arterial blood concentration increased 50% above levels induced by inhalation exposure to TLV. Dermal exposure was defined as contact by 2% of body surface (equivalent to stretched palms and fingers) to a saturated aqueous solution of the chemical. The study showed that 78% of the studied chemicals have a dermal absorption potential. In dermal exposure to vapors, 10% of the studied chemicals are likely to significantly increase the biological levels above the levels reached during inhalation exposure only.
0048-9697/9 I/$03.50
© 1991 Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.