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Design of a numeric key pad for lefthand fingers
ire workload evaluations as reflections of effort directed to different components of the driving task. Results indicated that there were significant increases in head movements and mental workload during turn sequences compared with straight driving. This result of higher driver workload may be responsible for increasing the potential for detection failure. Such a propensity is also fostered by the higher structural interference that may be expected during turns. Failures to observe during turning sequences have differing outcomes depending on the presence of opposing traffic. Also, the less conspicuous the oncoming vehicle, the higher the probability of detection failure. At the present time the least conspicuous powered vehicle is the motorcycle.
Information presentation and communication 22.4.20 (120923)
Laroche, C., Tran Quoc, H., Hetu, R., and McDuff, S. 'Detectsound': A computerised model for the prevention of accidents in noisy workplaces. In: B. Das (Ed), Advances in industrial ergonomics and safety - II, Taylor & Francis, London, 1990, 699-706, 22 refs. A computerised model was developed to predict the detectability of warning signals in noisy workplaces. This model takes into account the loss of auditory sensitivity and selectivity as a function of age, and the use of hearing protectors. The program was used to analyse 93 different configurations of warning signals in a steel plant. In about half of the cases, the warning signals did not meet the recognition criteria.A 'user-friendly' version of the program will soon be available. This practical tool will allow safer signals to be designed.
Display and control design 22.4.21 (120558) Fujita, A., Suzuki, Y., and Ohosato, T. Design of a numeric key pad for lefthand fingers. In: K. Noro and O. Brown (Eds), Human factors in organizational design and management - II1, NorthHolland, Amsterdam, 1990, pp 111114, 3 refs. The numeric keypad is usually located at the right side of the computer keyboard. VDT workers operate the numeric keypad with the right-hand fingers. Data entry operators
at banks write characters and operate the numeric keypad with the right and leave the left hand idle. If VDT operators must write characters or figures with the fight hand, they will think it more convenient to operate the numeric keypad with the left hand. An experimental study was conducted to design a numeric keypad for the left hand of right-handed persons.
Workplace and equipment design
machine consists of a motor-driven vehicle and a partially automatic tool attached to the former. After an examination of this prototype vehicle, two categories of constaints appeared: (1) the operator is seated obliquely with regard to his work field, a position which causes back pain and restricts vision; (2) the placement and design of control panel and joysticks do not optimise the information input, memorisation of operations and manual efficiency. To remedy those problems, four modifications of the interior arrangement of the cab were recommended.
22.4.22 (120583)
Hahn, K., Heddle, R.M., MeKay, P.R., and Roorda, P.D. Slip prevention in industrial and commercial environments. In: B. Das (Ed), Advances in industrial ergonomics and safety - II, Taylor & Francis, London, 1990, pp 513-520, 12 refs. In North America, accidental slips and falls are the second greatest cause of injury-related deaths; motor vehicles are first. In Sweden, slipping accidents are even more common than vehicle accidents, causing 40% of accidental deaths. In Ontario in 1985 there were over 27 000 falling accidents in the workplace and studies indicate that approximately 60% of these fails were initiated by slipping, entailing $125 million in monetary compensation from the Workers' Compensation Board. Slipping is the most common office accident, causing 47% of injuries. Almost half of all accidents resulting in back injury are sustained in slipping accidents. Canadian industry has not recognised slipping as a serious hazard. Studies show that flooring in factories is invariably selected on an initial cost basis only, and shoe manufacturers consider only aesthetics, durability and price when evaluating shoe sole design. In Canada, there are no laws governing the minimum required slip resistance of floors. This paper addresses the concept of shoe-floor systems design for typical industrial working conditions and proposes the implementation of slip prevention technology beneficial to industry, by applying a systems approach.
22.4.23 (120585)
Avon, G., and Nadeau, C.H. Some modifications of work conditions imposed to the operator of a rodraising machine in an aluminium industry: A case study. In: B. Das (Ed), Advances in industrial ergonomics and safety - II, Taylor & Francis, London, 1990, pp 321-326, 8 refs. The rod-raising machine is a sort of grip-lift which is used to clean the anode rods and to fix them to the vats. The
22.4.24 (120586)
Brennan, L., Farrell, L., and McGlennon, D.. ERGOSPEC: A prototype expert system for workstation design. In: W. Karwowski, A.M. Genaidy a_Ad S.S. Asfour (Eds), Computer-aided ergonomics: A researcher's guide, Taylor & Francis, London, 1990, pp 117-127, 5 refs. This paper is concerned with the development of ERGOSPEC, which is a prototype expert system to aid the ergonomist in designing a workstation, addressing particularly the needs of the operator and the aspects of the task to be performed. The nature of ergonomics is examined and the abundance of facts, rules and heuristics as the basis of ergonomics is highlighted. It is argued that ergonomics provides an appropriate application area for expert systems.
22.4.25 (120589)
Fernandez, LE., Marley, R.J., and Eyada, O.K. ErgoCAD: Ergonomic CAD system. Computers & Indust Engng, 1990, 18.3,313-318, 12 refs. This paper describes an interactive Ergonomics CAD system (ErgoCAD) developed to allow human factors designers to determine the appropriate dimensions of an industrial workstation for a given population. ErgoCAD's routines and libraries are written in AutoLISP within AutoCAD, microcomputer CAD software, providing a menu-driven system containing a chair, worksurface and shelf modules. Two different design scenarios are provided to demonstrate the use of ErgoCAD. 22.4.26 (120592) McDaniel, J.W. Models for ergonomic analysis and design: C O M B I M A N and C R E W C H I E F In: W. Karwowski, A.M. Genaidy and S.S. Asfour (Eds), Computer-aided
Applied Ergonomics August 1991
275
Information presentation and communication 22.4.20 (120923)
Laroche, C., Tran Quoc, H., Hetu, R., and McDuff, S. 'Detectsound': A computerised model for the prevention of accidents in noisy workplaces. In: B. Das (Ed), Advances in industrial ergonomics and safety - II, Taylor & Francis, London, 1990, 699-706, 22 refs. A computerised model was developed to predict the detectability of warning signals in noisy workplaces. This model takes into account the loss of auditory sensitivity and selectivity as a function of age, and the use of hearing protectors. The program was used to analyse 93 different configurations of warning signals in a steel plant. In about half of the cases, the warning signals did not meet the recognition criteria.A 'user-friendly' version of the program will soon be available. This practical tool will allow safer signals to be designed.
Display and control design 22.4.21 (120558) Fujita, A., Suzuki, Y., and Ohosato, T. Design of a numeric key pad for lefthand fingers. In: K. Noro and O. Brown (Eds), Human factors in organizational design and management - II1, NorthHolland, Amsterdam, 1990, pp 111114, 3 refs. The numeric keypad is usually located at the right side of the computer keyboard. VDT workers operate the numeric keypad with the right-hand fingers. Data entry operators
at banks write characters and operate the numeric keypad with the right and leave the left hand idle. If VDT operators must write characters or figures with the fight hand, they will think it more convenient to operate the numeric keypad with the left hand. An experimental study was conducted to design a numeric keypad for the left hand of right-handed persons.
Workplace and equipment design
machine consists of a motor-driven vehicle and a partially automatic tool attached to the former. After an examination of this prototype vehicle, two categories of constaints appeared: (1) the operator is seated obliquely with regard to his work field, a position which causes back pain and restricts vision; (2) the placement and design of control panel and joysticks do not optimise the information input, memorisation of operations and manual efficiency. To remedy those problems, four modifications of the interior arrangement of the cab were recommended.
22.4.22 (120583)
Hahn, K., Heddle, R.M., MeKay, P.R., and Roorda, P.D. Slip prevention in industrial and commercial environments. In: B. Das (Ed), Advances in industrial ergonomics and safety - II, Taylor & Francis, London, 1990, pp 513-520, 12 refs. In North America, accidental slips and falls are the second greatest cause of injury-related deaths; motor vehicles are first. In Sweden, slipping accidents are even more common than vehicle accidents, causing 40% of accidental deaths. In Ontario in 1985 there were over 27 000 falling accidents in the workplace and studies indicate that approximately 60% of these fails were initiated by slipping, entailing $125 million in monetary compensation from the Workers' Compensation Board. Slipping is the most common office accident, causing 47% of injuries. Almost half of all accidents resulting in back injury are sustained in slipping accidents. Canadian industry has not recognised slipping as a serious hazard. Studies show that flooring in factories is invariably selected on an initial cost basis only, and shoe manufacturers consider only aesthetics, durability and price when evaluating shoe sole design. In Canada, there are no laws governing the minimum required slip resistance of floors. This paper addresses the concept of shoe-floor systems design for typical industrial working conditions and proposes the implementation of slip prevention technology beneficial to industry, by applying a systems approach.
22.4.23 (120585)
Avon, G., and Nadeau, C.H. Some modifications of work conditions imposed to the operator of a rodraising machine in an aluminium industry: A case study. In: B. Das (Ed), Advances in industrial ergonomics and safety - II, Taylor & Francis, London, 1990, pp 321-326, 8 refs. The rod-raising machine is a sort of grip-lift which is used to clean the anode rods and to fix them to the vats. The
22.4.24 (120586)
Brennan, L., Farrell, L., and McGlennon, D.. ERGOSPEC: A prototype expert system for workstation design. In: W. Karwowski, A.M. Genaidy a_Ad S.S. Asfour (Eds), Computer-aided ergonomics: A researcher's guide, Taylor & Francis, London, 1990, pp 117-127, 5 refs. This paper is concerned with the development of ERGOSPEC, which is a prototype expert system to aid the ergonomist in designing a workstation, addressing particularly the needs of the operator and the aspects of the task to be performed. The nature of ergonomics is examined and the abundance of facts, rules and heuristics as the basis of ergonomics is highlighted. It is argued that ergonomics provides an appropriate application area for expert systems.
22.4.25 (120589)
Fernandez, LE., Marley, R.J., and Eyada, O.K. ErgoCAD: Ergonomic CAD system. Computers & Indust Engng, 1990, 18.3,313-318, 12 refs. This paper describes an interactive Ergonomics CAD system (ErgoCAD) developed to allow human factors designers to determine the appropriate dimensions of an industrial workstation for a given population. ErgoCAD's routines and libraries are written in AutoLISP within AutoCAD, microcomputer CAD software, providing a menu-driven system containing a chair, worksurface and shelf modules. Two different design scenarios are provided to demonstrate the use of ErgoCAD. 22.4.26 (120592) McDaniel, J.W. Models for ergonomic analysis and design: C O M B I M A N and C R E W C H I E F In: W. Karwowski, A.M. Genaidy and S.S. Asfour (Eds), Computer-aided
Applied Ergonomics August 1991
275