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Design of reinforced earth structures based on nonlinear finite element analysis and limit equilibrium method
33A 901259 Design criteria for monolithic pumped packs Trueman, R; Comes, S B Min Sci Teclmol V9. NI, July 1989, PII-18
901263 Geotextile properties related to structure and design Ingold, T S Highways Transp V3, N8, Aug 1989, P26-34
Packs form an important element of support for Iongwall gateroads maintained adjacent to a goaf. Design parameters for monolithic pumped packs are reviewed. Strata tilt theory is used to obtain design guidelines. Pack width specified by rule of thumb guidelines is inadequate in some situations unless stiffer than normal pack material is used. Methods to improve packing mechanical properties by mix adjustment or reinforcement are described.
Woven and non-woven geotextiles are reviewed. The importance of the main functions, separation, filtration, drainage and reinforcement, to the most common applications, trench drains, wall drainage, embankment basal drainage, subgrade stabilisation, embankment basal reinforcement, and wall and slope reinforcement, is tabulated. Specific geotextile structure,survivability criteria, separation and filtration requirements and properties, drainage, reinforcement, and mechanical properties and their anisotropy are considered in depth.
Grouting See also: 901145 901260 Application of compaction grouting to karstic foundation problems Henry, J F Proc 2nd Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Environmental Impacts of Karst, Orlando, 9-11 February 1987 P447-450. Publ Rotterdam: A A Baikema. 1987 Compaction grouting using highly viscous grouts has three distinct attributes in karstic terrain: it can fill and plug cavities with an efficient amount of material; it can densify loosened overburden soils; and once densification is complete, the grout bulb can lift overburden soils and structures. Two case histories of its use are described, one of site improvement prior to construction, the other the stabilising of subsidence resulting from a sinkhole under an existing structure. 901261 Use of flow-meters to monitor sinkhole remediation Felton, g M Proc 2nd Muitidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Environmental Impacts of Karst, Orlando, 9-11 February 1987 P451-455. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1987 Remedial treatment of sinkhole subsidence damage to buildings by cement slurry grouting is subject to a great deal of uncertainty as to where the grout is going or what effect it is having. A case study is presented where groundwater flow speed and direction were monitored during the grouting, using previously installed piezometers and flow meters. Profiles of groundwater attitude were obtained and used to evaluate and refine the grouting program as it progressed, contributing to the success of the project.
901264 Design of reinforced earth structures based on nonlinear finite element analysis and limit equilibrium method Bauer, G E; Abd EI-Halim, A O; Mowafy, Y M Proc Symposium on Computer Aided Design and Monitoring in Geotechnical Engineering, Bangkok, 3-6 December 1986 P392-410. Publ Bangkok: AIT, 1986 The behaviour of reinforced earth structures is dependent on many design and material parameters. A nonlinear finite element program, REA (Reinforced Earth Analysis), has been used to analyse deformation of reinforced structures and tensile forces in the reinforcement. It was calibrated against performance of large scale walls and prototype structures. REA cannot calculate safety factors, and so limit equilibrium analysis with a bilinear failure surface was used to determine critical heights for given soil parameters and geometries. Results are combined as normalised graphs which may be used in preliminary design of reinforced earth structures. 901265 Use of geosynthetics to support roadways over sinkhole prone areas Bonaparte, R; Berg, R R Proc 2nd Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Environmental Impacts of Karst, Orlando, 9-11 February 1987 P437-445. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1987 The use of geosynthetics to reinforce earth structures over sinkhole prone areas is described. They act as a safety net to prevent catastrophic collapse into the void. Tensioned membrane and soil arching theories applied to design of geosynthetic safety nets are examined. Design procedures and simple design charts for selection of reinforcement type and number of layers are illustrated. Results from test embankments are presented and a case history described.
Reinforced earth See also: 901370, 901372, 901373 901262 Simple laboratory method to estimate the in-soil behaviour of geotextiles Kokkalis, A; Papacharisis, N Geotext Geomem V8, N2, 1989, P147-157 Existing apparatus for testing the in-soil load-extension behaviour of geotextiles is described. The use of a suitably modified large shear box for this purpose is then examined. Shear boxes are widely available and operationally simple. Results of tests are critically examined and correlated with those from field tests or more specialised apparatus. It is concluded that the modified shear box results can be used in engineering design where the geotextile acts mainly as a reinforcing layer. • uus 2,:,-.
901266 Soil naifing for slope stabilization in Singapore residual soils Tan, S B; Tan, S L; Chin, Y K Proc 2nd International Conference on Geomechtmics in Tropical Soils, Singapore, 12-14 December 1988 VI. P285292. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988 Soil nailing is increasingly used for slope stabilisation in Singapore. A program, based on Bishop's simplified method, to analyse stability of nailed slopes, which incorporates a multifailure criterion is described and verified for a slope with 2 nails. Two examples of slopes stabilised using soil nails are presented. Monitoring of forces on the nail and slope stability are described. The safety factor for the nailed slope can be calculated by considering shear and pullout effects, but as pullout capacity is more important, the angle of inclination of the nail should be near horizontal.
© 1990 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted
901263 Geotextile properties related to structure and design Ingold, T S Highways Transp V3, N8, Aug 1989, P26-34
Packs form an important element of support for Iongwall gateroads maintained adjacent to a goaf. Design parameters for monolithic pumped packs are reviewed. Strata tilt theory is used to obtain design guidelines. Pack width specified by rule of thumb guidelines is inadequate in some situations unless stiffer than normal pack material is used. Methods to improve packing mechanical properties by mix adjustment or reinforcement are described.
Woven and non-woven geotextiles are reviewed. The importance of the main functions, separation, filtration, drainage and reinforcement, to the most common applications, trench drains, wall drainage, embankment basal drainage, subgrade stabilisation, embankment basal reinforcement, and wall and slope reinforcement, is tabulated. Specific geotextile structure,survivability criteria, separation and filtration requirements and properties, drainage, reinforcement, and mechanical properties and their anisotropy are considered in depth.
Grouting See also: 901145 901260 Application of compaction grouting to karstic foundation problems Henry, J F Proc 2nd Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Environmental Impacts of Karst, Orlando, 9-11 February 1987 P447-450. Publ Rotterdam: A A Baikema. 1987 Compaction grouting using highly viscous grouts has three distinct attributes in karstic terrain: it can fill and plug cavities with an efficient amount of material; it can densify loosened overburden soils; and once densification is complete, the grout bulb can lift overburden soils and structures. Two case histories of its use are described, one of site improvement prior to construction, the other the stabilising of subsidence resulting from a sinkhole under an existing structure. 901261 Use of flow-meters to monitor sinkhole remediation Felton, g M Proc 2nd Muitidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Environmental Impacts of Karst, Orlando, 9-11 February 1987 P451-455. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1987 Remedial treatment of sinkhole subsidence damage to buildings by cement slurry grouting is subject to a great deal of uncertainty as to where the grout is going or what effect it is having. A case study is presented where groundwater flow speed and direction were monitored during the grouting, using previously installed piezometers and flow meters. Profiles of groundwater attitude were obtained and used to evaluate and refine the grouting program as it progressed, contributing to the success of the project.
901264 Design of reinforced earth structures based on nonlinear finite element analysis and limit equilibrium method Bauer, G E; Abd EI-Halim, A O; Mowafy, Y M Proc Symposium on Computer Aided Design and Monitoring in Geotechnical Engineering, Bangkok, 3-6 December 1986 P392-410. Publ Bangkok: AIT, 1986 The behaviour of reinforced earth structures is dependent on many design and material parameters. A nonlinear finite element program, REA (Reinforced Earth Analysis), has been used to analyse deformation of reinforced structures and tensile forces in the reinforcement. It was calibrated against performance of large scale walls and prototype structures. REA cannot calculate safety factors, and so limit equilibrium analysis with a bilinear failure surface was used to determine critical heights for given soil parameters and geometries. Results are combined as normalised graphs which may be used in preliminary design of reinforced earth structures. 901265 Use of geosynthetics to support roadways over sinkhole prone areas Bonaparte, R; Berg, R R Proc 2nd Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Environmental Impacts of Karst, Orlando, 9-11 February 1987 P437-445. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1987 The use of geosynthetics to reinforce earth structures over sinkhole prone areas is described. They act as a safety net to prevent catastrophic collapse into the void. Tensioned membrane and soil arching theories applied to design of geosynthetic safety nets are examined. Design procedures and simple design charts for selection of reinforcement type and number of layers are illustrated. Results from test embankments are presented and a case history described.
Reinforced earth See also: 901370, 901372, 901373 901262 Simple laboratory method to estimate the in-soil behaviour of geotextiles Kokkalis, A; Papacharisis, N Geotext Geomem V8, N2, 1989, P147-157 Existing apparatus for testing the in-soil load-extension behaviour of geotextiles is described. The use of a suitably modified large shear box for this purpose is then examined. Shear boxes are widely available and operationally simple. Results of tests are critically examined and correlated with those from field tests or more specialised apparatus. It is concluded that the modified shear box results can be used in engineering design where the geotextile acts mainly as a reinforcing layer. • uus 2,:,-.
901266 Soil naifing for slope stabilization in Singapore residual soils Tan, S B; Tan, S L; Chin, Y K Proc 2nd International Conference on Geomechtmics in Tropical Soils, Singapore, 12-14 December 1988 VI. P285292. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988 Soil nailing is increasingly used for slope stabilisation in Singapore. A program, based on Bishop's simplified method, to analyse stability of nailed slopes, which incorporates a multifailure criterion is described and verified for a slope with 2 nails. Two examples of slopes stabilised using soil nails are presented. Monitoring of forces on the nail and slope stability are described. The safety factor for the nailed slope can be calculated by considering shear and pullout effects, but as pullout capacity is more important, the angle of inclination of the nail should be near horizontal.
© 1990 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted