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Designing airports for people. Human Factors in Transportation
Studied the speed and accuracy of identification and operation of
meaningfully or arbitrarily shape coded or noncoded knobs during the performance of a visual loading task. Three professional test pilots, three non-pilot engineers familiar with cockpit layout, and six non-pilot engineers or draftsmen unfamiliar with cockpit layout served as subjects. Use of the meaningfully shape coded knobs resulted in significantly fewer substitution errors on initial trials, less discrimination time, more manipilation time, and less interference on the loading task. While the meaningfully and arbitrarily shape coded knobs were not significantly different (except for substitution errors), the meaningfully shape coded knobs tended to give better results, and responses appeared to be more stereotypic,
5.2.74 (64244) Glencross, D.J., and Anderson, G.A. Operator response factors in the placement of foot pedals and controls, Human Factors in Transportation. Proceedings of 10th Annual Conference of Ergonomics Society
of Australia and New Zealand,
Sydney, Nov 1973 pp 1 1 1 - I l l 0 .
gr '~1~"
5.2.75 (64245) Poock, G.K. et al A combined accelerator - brake pedal Ergonomics Nov, 1973, 16.6, pp 845-848. This paper describes a combined accelerator and brake in one pedal which may be a technique for reducing automotive accidents. Its use is not limited to automobiles, but can be used in any type of automotive vehicle. Reaction time, from onset of an accident stimulus until the brakes are initially applied, is 0"256 sec with this one pedal system, versus 0'468 sec under the conventional two pedal accelerator-brake system, 106
Applied Ergonomics June 1974
" ""n'~
input devices
5.2.76 (64247) Soede, M., et al A lightspot operated typewriter for severely physically handicapped patients Ergonomics Nov, 1973, 16.6, pp 829 - 844. The ergonomic aspects of the design of a typewriter system for quadriplegic patients are discussed. The typewriter is operated by moving a light source fixed to the head of the patient, so that a lightspot can be projected on the control panel which consists of a matrix of characters, each of which is equipped with a light sensitive element, It is shown how the character arrangement, the geometry of the lightspot and panel and the way of generating a type command were optimised. Some preliminary results obtained from three normal subjects and from two quadriplegic patients are reported. Preliminary clinical experence with the device is encouraging,
Workplacelayout and ecluiDment U
The present paper reports a series of experiments concerned with the speed of the operator's response when the positions of foot pedals simulating the accelerator, brake, clutch and floor are varied. Speed of response is assessed in terms of reaction time, movement time and response time. Response complexity is discussed in terms of the neural organisation hypothesis. The results provide some support for the hypothesis and these are discussed in terms of the practical implications for the placement and arrangement of foot pedals and controls,
cialitarl
Iw
deign V
5.2.77 (64250) Oppenheim, P.T. Designing airports for people. Human Factors in Transportation. Proceedings of 10th Annual Conference of the Ergonomics Society of Australia and New Zealand, Sydney, Nov. 1973. pp 3.1 - 3.15. The airport passenger terminal is one of the few building types which is purely of the 20th century. Its role must increasingly become that of a tlansit point rather than a stopping-off place. All bureaucratic formalities and customs checks must be minimised, all passenger and baggage circulation simplified and waiting times, walking distances, car parking and confusion, reduced as much as possible. This paper attempts to identify the major problems of airport planning and establish a set of basic principles for the design of more efficient airports for people. 5.2.78 (64251 ) Aft, L.S. Work methods in the library Industrial Engineering Nov, 1973, 5.11, pp 39-41. Practical problem solving at the student level is one of the best methods available for developing industrial engineering skills. In this
article, students trom Southern Technical Institute help design a new
layout for the library book-processing room.
5.2.79 (64252) Anon Kitchen for the severely handicapped and the aged. (Kuche fur Schwerkurperbe hinderte und ARe Menschen) Die Moderne Kuche 1972, No 6, 44-47. Abstr in ICSID Design Bibliography. Practical and functional homes for the handicapped and the aged promote their self-reliance and independance and enhance their remaining abilities. An essential part thereby constitutes the design of household and sanitary areas. Engineer H. E. Kuldschun based his development of a special kitchen for the handicapped and aged on extensive studies in many countries. His plans account for the four main functions of a kitchen such as storage, preparation, cooking and dishwashing by variable work-levels. They pay attention to reaching capacities especially of people in wheelchairs. Cupboards are mounted on the walls. design and operation of faucets, cookers and sinks etc. meets the needs of the handicapped.
5.2.80 (64253~ Grandjean, E., and Huser, S. Physiological kitchen design (Physiologische Kuchengestaltung). Die Moderne Kuche t 972. No 5, I 1- I 4. Abstr in ICSID Design Bibliography. The average housewife spends about 30% of her time in the kitchen. An ergonomically and physiologically well-designed kitchen prevents exhaustion and unnecessary stress. This study is especially concerned with anthropometric data which served to establish guiding principles for height and depth of work tops and correct arrangement o f work centres. Research was done on the size of operational areas and on how to avoid unnecessary walking and manual activity in the kitchen. Technical data on correct kitchen dimensions and storage space.
5.2.81 (64257) Campbell-Preston, R.M.T. et al. Design of hospital bedsteads King Edward's Hospital Fund for London, 1967, 56 pp. The report of an enquiry carried out by a King's Fund Working Party into the design of hospital bedsteads which has resulted in a specification el a bedstead suitable for general purposes.
meaningfully or arbitrarily shape coded or noncoded knobs during the performance of a visual loading task. Three professional test pilots, three non-pilot engineers familiar with cockpit layout, and six non-pilot engineers or draftsmen unfamiliar with cockpit layout served as subjects. Use of the meaningfully shape coded knobs resulted in significantly fewer substitution errors on initial trials, less discrimination time, more manipilation time, and less interference on the loading task. While the meaningfully and arbitrarily shape coded knobs were not significantly different (except for substitution errors), the meaningfully shape coded knobs tended to give better results, and responses appeared to be more stereotypic,
5.2.74 (64244) Glencross, D.J., and Anderson, G.A. Operator response factors in the placement of foot pedals and controls, Human Factors in Transportation. Proceedings of 10th Annual Conference of Ergonomics Society
of Australia and New Zealand,
Sydney, Nov 1973 pp 1 1 1 - I l l 0 .
gr '~1~"
5.2.75 (64245) Poock, G.K. et al A combined accelerator - brake pedal Ergonomics Nov, 1973, 16.6, pp 845-848. This paper describes a combined accelerator and brake in one pedal which may be a technique for reducing automotive accidents. Its use is not limited to automobiles, but can be used in any type of automotive vehicle. Reaction time, from onset of an accident stimulus until the brakes are initially applied, is 0"256 sec with this one pedal system, versus 0'468 sec under the conventional two pedal accelerator-brake system, 106
Applied Ergonomics June 1974
" ""n'~
input devices
5.2.76 (64247) Soede, M., et al A lightspot operated typewriter for severely physically handicapped patients Ergonomics Nov, 1973, 16.6, pp 829 - 844. The ergonomic aspects of the design of a typewriter system for quadriplegic patients are discussed. The typewriter is operated by moving a light source fixed to the head of the patient, so that a lightspot can be projected on the control panel which consists of a matrix of characters, each of which is equipped with a light sensitive element, It is shown how the character arrangement, the geometry of the lightspot and panel and the way of generating a type command were optimised. Some preliminary results obtained from three normal subjects and from two quadriplegic patients are reported. Preliminary clinical experence with the device is encouraging,
Workplacelayout and ecluiDment U
The present paper reports a series of experiments concerned with the speed of the operator's response when the positions of foot pedals simulating the accelerator, brake, clutch and floor are varied. Speed of response is assessed in terms of reaction time, movement time and response time. Response complexity is discussed in terms of the neural organisation hypothesis. The results provide some support for the hypothesis and these are discussed in terms of the practical implications for the placement and arrangement of foot pedals and controls,
cialitarl
Iw
deign V
5.2.77 (64250) Oppenheim, P.T. Designing airports for people. Human Factors in Transportation. Proceedings of 10th Annual Conference of the Ergonomics Society of Australia and New Zealand, Sydney, Nov. 1973. pp 3.1 - 3.15. The airport passenger terminal is one of the few building types which is purely of the 20th century. Its role must increasingly become that of a tlansit point rather than a stopping-off place. All bureaucratic formalities and customs checks must be minimised, all passenger and baggage circulation simplified and waiting times, walking distances, car parking and confusion, reduced as much as possible. This paper attempts to identify the major problems of airport planning and establish a set of basic principles for the design of more efficient airports for people. 5.2.78 (64251 ) Aft, L.S. Work methods in the library Industrial Engineering Nov, 1973, 5.11, pp 39-41. Practical problem solving at the student level is one of the best methods available for developing industrial engineering skills. In this
article, students trom Southern Technical Institute help design a new
layout for the library book-processing room.
5.2.79 (64252) Anon Kitchen for the severely handicapped and the aged. (Kuche fur Schwerkurperbe hinderte und ARe Menschen) Die Moderne Kuche 1972, No 6, 44-47. Abstr in ICSID Design Bibliography. Practical and functional homes for the handicapped and the aged promote their self-reliance and independance and enhance their remaining abilities. An essential part thereby constitutes the design of household and sanitary areas. Engineer H. E. Kuldschun based his development of a special kitchen for the handicapped and aged on extensive studies in many countries. His plans account for the four main functions of a kitchen such as storage, preparation, cooking and dishwashing by variable work-levels. They pay attention to reaching capacities especially of people in wheelchairs. Cupboards are mounted on the walls. design and operation of faucets, cookers and sinks etc. meets the needs of the handicapped.
5.2.80 (64253~ Grandjean, E., and Huser, S. Physiological kitchen design (Physiologische Kuchengestaltung). Die Moderne Kuche t 972. No 5, I 1- I 4. Abstr in ICSID Design Bibliography. The average housewife spends about 30% of her time in the kitchen. An ergonomically and physiologically well-designed kitchen prevents exhaustion and unnecessary stress. This study is especially concerned with anthropometric data which served to establish guiding principles for height and depth of work tops and correct arrangement o f work centres. Research was done on the size of operational areas and on how to avoid unnecessary walking and manual activity in the kitchen. Technical data on correct kitchen dimensions and storage space.
5.2.81 (64257) Campbell-Preston, R.M.T. et al. Design of hospital bedsteads King Edward's Hospital Fund for London, 1967, 56 pp. The report of an enquiry carried out by a King's Fund Working Party into the design of hospital bedsteads which has resulted in a specification el a bedstead suitable for general purposes.