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Detecting biomechanical adaptations in sport-specific landing patterns using field-based ACL injury risk screening methods
Friday 23 October Papers / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 19S (2015) e57–e87
Award Finalist
Symposium
136
137
Detecting biomechanical adaptations in sport-specific landing patterns using field-based ACL injury risk screening methods
Physical literacy development in Australian youth: A current concern
Fox 1,∗ ,
A. J. Saunders 1
Bonacci 1 ,
S.
McLean 2 ,
M.
Spittle 3 ,
N.
1 School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Australia 2 School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, United States 3 College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Australia
Background: Field-based screening methods for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk offer a simplistic way to identify dysfunction that may lead to injury or monitor adaptations to injury prevention programs. Currently, limited research exists linking changes in injury risk as determined by field-based screening methods to biomechanical adaptations during sporting manoeuvres. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of two field-based ACL injury risk screening methods in detecting biomechanical changes after a six-week period during a sport-specific landing. Methods: Fifteen female netball players (23.5 ± 2.3 yrs; 171.6 ± 6.5 cm; 67.4 ± 9.1 kg) attended two testing sessions separated by a six-week period during which eight participants completed a neuromuscular training program, while seven continued their regular training. At both sessions; participants were screened using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) and Tuck Jump Assessment (TJA), and performed ten trials of a sport-specific landing task, a netball leap landing. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics of the lower limb were collected during landing trials. Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) were used to measure the associations between changes in LESS/TJA scores and lower limb biomechanics over the six-week period. Results: The average change in LESS and TJA scores were −0.4 ± 1.5 (range = −3 to +2) and 0.4 ± 1.1 (range = −1 to +3), respectively. A decrease in LESS score was associated with reductions in hip adduction (r = 0.69; p = 0.004), reductions in initial contact (r = −0.64; p = 0.009) and peak (r = −0.53; p = 0.040) frontal plane knee angles, and increases in knee internal rotation (r = −0.68; p = 0.005) during landing over the six-week period. A decrease in TJA score was associated with increases in peak knee external rotation moments (r = −0.51; p = 0.048) during landing over the six-week period. Discussion: A decrease in LESS score (i.e. decreased injury risk) was associated with kinematic changes proposed to reduce ACL injury risk. However, reduced scores were also associated with increases in knee internal rotation, signifying a more high-risk landing posture. Similarly, a decrease in TJA score (i.e. decreased injury risk) was only associated with increases in transverse plane knee moments, suggesting the TJA may be ineffective for monitoring biomechanical changes in the landing task examined. Neither method was able to efficaciously identify changes in lower limb kinetics, suggesting further screening may be required to monitor these risk factors. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.150
e61
D. Telford 1,∗ , R. Keegan 1 , L. Barnett 2 , J. Rudd 3 , R. Telford 1 , L. Olive 4 , L. Edwards 5 , N. Lander 2 , S. Keegan 1 1 University of Canberra, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Australia 2 Deakin University, School of Health & Social Development, Australia 3 Victoria University, Institute for Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Australia 4 College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Australia 5 Cardiff Metropolitan University, School of Sport, United Kingdom
Introduction: The term “physical literacy” is now in common use, and refers to the individual’s disposition towards physical pursuits (including physical activity) arising from the combination of motivation, self-confidence, movement capability, and appreciating the value of physical movement. Physical literacy is frequently liked to important health behaviours and outcomes. As such, promoting physical literacy is often presented as a way of addressing growing health issues such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. This symposium is a collaboration between researchers from four institutions, all investigating the role of physical literacy in Australian children. In this symposium, Paper 1 (definitions) reviews the genesis of the term with a critical review of current definitions, assumptions, and proposed relationships. Motor skill is a core component of physical literacy, and so Paper 2 (measurement) describes how best to assess fundamental motor skill (FMS) and why current levels of FMS of young Australians are of concern. Paper 3 (typical current practices) throws some light on this concern in presenting evidence of current practice in public-funded primary schools, which demonstrates that current provisions failed to provide children with the prescribed quality and quantity of physical education. Paper 4 (current specialist provision) presents evidence that even specialist physical educators in secondary school may have difficulty in teaching FMS. The final three papers review the consequences of current physical literacy provisions in Australia. Low physical activity in Australian children is a proposed outcome of inadequate physical literacy, and Paper 5 provides evidence that boys and girls require different strategies to improve physical activity levels. Paper 6 addresses interactions between indices of physical literacy and psychological well-being. Finally, Paper 7 presents evidence of increased risk of chronic disease as a result of differences in PE provision and physical activity in 12 year-olds. Paper 1: A systematic review of the definitions, foundations and associations of physical literacy Paper 2: Fundamental motor skills: measurement issues and developmental concerns Paper 3: Inadequacy of physical education in our primary schools Paper 4: Teaching fundamental skills: even PE specialists may need to lift their game Paper 5: Improving physical activity levels in children: evidence for a gender specific approach
Award Finalist
Symposium
136
137
Detecting biomechanical adaptations in sport-specific landing patterns using field-based ACL injury risk screening methods
Physical literacy development in Australian youth: A current concern
Fox 1,∗ ,
A. J. Saunders 1
Bonacci 1 ,
S.
McLean 2 ,
M.
Spittle 3 ,
N.
1 School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Australia 2 School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, United States 3 College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Australia
Background: Field-based screening methods for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk offer a simplistic way to identify dysfunction that may lead to injury or monitor adaptations to injury prevention programs. Currently, limited research exists linking changes in injury risk as determined by field-based screening methods to biomechanical adaptations during sporting manoeuvres. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of two field-based ACL injury risk screening methods in detecting biomechanical changes after a six-week period during a sport-specific landing. Methods: Fifteen female netball players (23.5 ± 2.3 yrs; 171.6 ± 6.5 cm; 67.4 ± 9.1 kg) attended two testing sessions separated by a six-week period during which eight participants completed a neuromuscular training program, while seven continued their regular training. At both sessions; participants were screened using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) and Tuck Jump Assessment (TJA), and performed ten trials of a sport-specific landing task, a netball leap landing. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics of the lower limb were collected during landing trials. Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) were used to measure the associations between changes in LESS/TJA scores and lower limb biomechanics over the six-week period. Results: The average change in LESS and TJA scores were −0.4 ± 1.5 (range = −3 to +2) and 0.4 ± 1.1 (range = −1 to +3), respectively. A decrease in LESS score was associated with reductions in hip adduction (r = 0.69; p = 0.004), reductions in initial contact (r = −0.64; p = 0.009) and peak (r = −0.53; p = 0.040) frontal plane knee angles, and increases in knee internal rotation (r = −0.68; p = 0.005) during landing over the six-week period. A decrease in TJA score was associated with increases in peak knee external rotation moments (r = −0.51; p = 0.048) during landing over the six-week period. Discussion: A decrease in LESS score (i.e. decreased injury risk) was associated with kinematic changes proposed to reduce ACL injury risk. However, reduced scores were also associated with increases in knee internal rotation, signifying a more high-risk landing posture. Similarly, a decrease in TJA score (i.e. decreased injury risk) was only associated with increases in transverse plane knee moments, suggesting the TJA may be ineffective for monitoring biomechanical changes in the landing task examined. Neither method was able to efficaciously identify changes in lower limb kinetics, suggesting further screening may be required to monitor these risk factors. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.150
e61
D. Telford 1,∗ , R. Keegan 1 , L. Barnett 2 , J. Rudd 3 , R. Telford 1 , L. Olive 4 , L. Edwards 5 , N. Lander 2 , S. Keegan 1 1 University of Canberra, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Australia 2 Deakin University, School of Health & Social Development, Australia 3 Victoria University, Institute for Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Australia 4 College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Australia 5 Cardiff Metropolitan University, School of Sport, United Kingdom
Introduction: The term “physical literacy” is now in common use, and refers to the individual’s disposition towards physical pursuits (including physical activity) arising from the combination of motivation, self-confidence, movement capability, and appreciating the value of physical movement. Physical literacy is frequently liked to important health behaviours and outcomes. As such, promoting physical literacy is often presented as a way of addressing growing health issues such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. This symposium is a collaboration between researchers from four institutions, all investigating the role of physical literacy in Australian children. In this symposium, Paper 1 (definitions) reviews the genesis of the term with a critical review of current definitions, assumptions, and proposed relationships. Motor skill is a core component of physical literacy, and so Paper 2 (measurement) describes how best to assess fundamental motor skill (FMS) and why current levels of FMS of young Australians are of concern. Paper 3 (typical current practices) throws some light on this concern in presenting evidence of current practice in public-funded primary schools, which demonstrates that current provisions failed to provide children with the prescribed quality and quantity of physical education. Paper 4 (current specialist provision) presents evidence that even specialist physical educators in secondary school may have difficulty in teaching FMS. The final three papers review the consequences of current physical literacy provisions in Australia. Low physical activity in Australian children is a proposed outcome of inadequate physical literacy, and Paper 5 provides evidence that boys and girls require different strategies to improve physical activity levels. Paper 6 addresses interactions between indices of physical literacy and psychological well-being. Finally, Paper 7 presents evidence of increased risk of chronic disease as a result of differences in PE provision and physical activity in 12 year-olds. Paper 1: A systematic review of the definitions, foundations and associations of physical literacy Paper 2: Fundamental motor skills: measurement issues and developmental concerns Paper 3: Inadequacy of physical education in our primary schools Paper 4: Teaching fundamental skills: even PE specialists may need to lift their game Paper 5: Improving physical activity levels in children: evidence for a gender specific approach