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Determination of organic sulfur forms in some coals and kerogens by atmospheric pressure temperature programmed reduction (AP-TPR)
01
Solid fuels (sources, winning, properties)
01 SOLID FUELS Sources, Winning, Properties 96/02337 Artificial maturation of Monterey kerogen (Type lIS) in a closed system and comparison with Type II kerogen: Implications on the fate of sulfur Tornic, 1. et al., Org. Geochem., 1995, 23, (7), 647·660. Describes a closed system pyrolysis which was performed on a Monterey sulphur-rich kerogen (Type Il-S) at 300·500° using varying pyrolysis times.
96/02338
96/02339 Chemical, petrographic and thermoanalytlcal characterization of two North-Bohemian low rank coals Balek, V. et al., Thermochim. Acta, 1995, 263, 141-157. A study was made of two brown coals from the North Bohemian Basin of the Czech Republic, by chemical and petrographic analyses and thermal analysis coupled with mass spectrometry. The coals were characterized from the viewpoint of their use in power stations as well as raw materials for the chemical industry.
96/02340 Chlorine In five illinois coals and three British coals: An X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy Investigation Chou, M. I. et al., Prepr. Pap-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (3), 402-406. Describes the study of chlorine XANES spectra of coals and chars.
Comparative underground coal mining methods
Walker, S. lEA Coal Research, Gemini House, 10-18 Putney Hill, London
SW156M, £300.00 (non-member countries) £100.00 (member countries)
Mar. 1996. The report addresses three main areas: the potential for underground coal mining within a framework of geographical location and future markets; current and future trends in technology, and topics requiring further research; the potential for transferring appropriate technologies and management practices to countries where underground coal mining may require such assistance.
96/02342 analysis
Determination of coal rank by thermogravimetric
Huang, H. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995,40, (3), 465-469. TGA provides sensitive, rapid and reproducible results concerning the various weight loss processes that can be a reflection of the physical and chemical structure of coals. Additional information can be obtained by variation of TG variables, such as heating rate and purge gas type.
96/02343 Determination of organic sulfur forms in some coals and kerogens by atmospheric pressure temperature programmed reduction (AP-TPR) Yperman, J. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (3), 461-464. The paper demonstrates that the method provides differential profiles which can be explained in terms of different organic sulphur functionalities. The pyrite signal can be distinguished very easily from the organic sulphur peaks.
96/02344 Effect of changing inertinite concentration on pyrolysis yields and char reactivities of two South African coals Cai, H. Y. and Kandiyoti, R. Energy Fuels, 1995, 9, (6), 956-961. The paper discusses the rank effect of inertinite concentration and heating rate on pyrolysis of inertinite graded samples and char reactivities.
96/02345 activation
Estimation of sulfur in coal by fast neutron
Das, G. C. and Bhattacharyya, P. K. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1995, 201, (3), 233·239, Describes a simple method for estimation of sulphur in coal using fast neutron activation of sulphur.
170
selective recognition of aromatic rings by Morwell brown coal. Low-volatile Pocahontas No.3 bituminous coal was used as a reference. The microstructure of Morwell coal was modified by swelling in various polar and nonpolar solvents.
96/02347 Examination of change in coal gel structure due to solvent swelling by size exclusion chromatography Hayashi, J. I. et al., Energy Fuels, 1995, 9, (6), 1035·1037. An inverse liquid chromatographic technique was applied to evaluating the porous structure of coals. Swollen Morwell coal particles were packed in an inverse liquid chromatography column as the stationary phase, and nhexane or THF was used as the mobile phase.
Brown coal mining In Europe
Maassen, U. Braunkohle Bergbautech., 1995,47, (5), 4·16. (In German) Discusses brown coal mining in the individual states of Europe and its role in energy management.
96/02341
96/02346 Evaluation of interaction between aromatic penetrants and acidic OH groups of solvent-swollen coals by inverse liquid chromatography Hayashi, J. I. et al., Energy Fuels, 1995, 9, (6), 1023-1027. The objective of this study was to clarify the role of Oll-pi interaction in
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
96/02348 Fossil fuel characterization using laser desorption mass spectrometry: Applications and limitations Hunt, J. E. and Winans, R. E. Prepr. Pap. -Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (3), 449·452. Describes how LDMS and MALDI time-of-night instruments are easy to operate, fast, and are suitable for quantitative measurement of molecular weight distributions of certain coal components.
96/02349
The fractal surface structure of coal
Zeng, F. Meitan Zhuanhua, 1995, 18, (2), 7-13. (In Chinese) Discusses the methods for measurement of coal fractal surface.
96/02350 deposits
Geochemistry of germanium In Bulgarian coal
Eskenazy, G. God. Soli. Univ. Sv. Kliment Okhridski, Geol-Georg. Fak., 1995, 86, (I), 175-195. (In Bulgarian) Discusses a study of geochemistry of germanium in 14 Bulgarian coal deposits. The mean germanium content of the deposits varied from 0.3 to 58 ppm in the coal and from 1.5 to 565 ppm in the ash. The Ge contents in the coal lithotypes vitrain and xylain were higher than in the respective whole coal samples.
96/02351 Impact of organic-minerai matter interactions on thermal reaction pathways for coal model compounds Buchanan, A. C. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Arn. Chern. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (3), 560·563. The paper investigates the solid-state chemistry of silica-immobilized phenethyl Ph ethers in the presence of interdispersed silica-aluminas at temperatures relevant to coal processing to gain a better understanding of the impact of related mineral matter on coal pyrolysis and liquefaction mechanisms. The results demonstrate the dramatic effect that silica-alum inas can have in altering the normal thermal reaction pathways for these models of ether linkages in lignin and low rank coals,
96/02352 Importance of the reacting medium in artificial maturation of a coal by confined pyrolysis. 2. Water and polar compounds Mansuy, L. and Landais, P. Energy Fuels, 1995, 9, (5), 809-821. The role of water in the mechanisms of generation of hydrocarbons and the thermal breakdown of kerogen is still controversial. In some cases, the addition of excess water seems to be necessary to properly simulate the maturation of organic matter whereas in other pyrolysis experiments added water is not required to obtain results comparable to the natural maturation of organic matter. In order to understand the role of water in the confined pyrolysis medium and the organic matter-water interactions, a successive pyrolysis-solvent extraction protocol was performed and excess water was added at each pyrolysis step. The results showed that when polar compounds and water coexist in the reacting medium, the solid residue evolves in the same way as that described by a reference series performed in classical confined pyrolysis conditions,
96/02353
In-situ penetrant transport in thin coal sections
Olivares, J. M, and Peppas, N. A. Chern. Eng. Commun. 1995, 132, 91-106. Microscopic studies of in-situ penetrant transport in coals of various crosslinking densities and at various temperatures are described. The penetrant front velocity was determined and correlated to experimental variables.
Solid fuels (sources, winning, properties)
01 SOLID FUELS Sources, Winning, Properties 96/02337 Artificial maturation of Monterey kerogen (Type lIS) in a closed system and comparison with Type II kerogen: Implications on the fate of sulfur Tornic, 1. et al., Org. Geochem., 1995, 23, (7), 647·660. Describes a closed system pyrolysis which was performed on a Monterey sulphur-rich kerogen (Type Il-S) at 300·500° using varying pyrolysis times.
96/02338
96/02339 Chemical, petrographic and thermoanalytlcal characterization of two North-Bohemian low rank coals Balek, V. et al., Thermochim. Acta, 1995, 263, 141-157. A study was made of two brown coals from the North Bohemian Basin of the Czech Republic, by chemical and petrographic analyses and thermal analysis coupled with mass spectrometry. The coals were characterized from the viewpoint of their use in power stations as well as raw materials for the chemical industry.
96/02340 Chlorine In five illinois coals and three British coals: An X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy Investigation Chou, M. I. et al., Prepr. Pap-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (3), 402-406. Describes the study of chlorine XANES spectra of coals and chars.
Comparative underground coal mining methods
Walker, S. lEA Coal Research, Gemini House, 10-18 Putney Hill, London
SW156M, £300.00 (non-member countries) £100.00 (member countries)
Mar. 1996. The report addresses three main areas: the potential for underground coal mining within a framework of geographical location and future markets; current and future trends in technology, and topics requiring further research; the potential for transferring appropriate technologies and management practices to countries where underground coal mining may require such assistance.
96/02342 analysis
Determination of coal rank by thermogravimetric
Huang, H. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995,40, (3), 465-469. TGA provides sensitive, rapid and reproducible results concerning the various weight loss processes that can be a reflection of the physical and chemical structure of coals. Additional information can be obtained by variation of TG variables, such as heating rate and purge gas type.
96/02343 Determination of organic sulfur forms in some coals and kerogens by atmospheric pressure temperature programmed reduction (AP-TPR) Yperman, J. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (3), 461-464. The paper demonstrates that the method provides differential profiles which can be explained in terms of different organic sulphur functionalities. The pyrite signal can be distinguished very easily from the organic sulphur peaks.
96/02344 Effect of changing inertinite concentration on pyrolysis yields and char reactivities of two South African coals Cai, H. Y. and Kandiyoti, R. Energy Fuels, 1995, 9, (6), 956-961. The paper discusses the rank effect of inertinite concentration and heating rate on pyrolysis of inertinite graded samples and char reactivities.
96/02345 activation
Estimation of sulfur in coal by fast neutron
Das, G. C. and Bhattacharyya, P. K. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1995, 201, (3), 233·239, Describes a simple method for estimation of sulphur in coal using fast neutron activation of sulphur.
170
selective recognition of aromatic rings by Morwell brown coal. Low-volatile Pocahontas No.3 bituminous coal was used as a reference. The microstructure of Morwell coal was modified by swelling in various polar and nonpolar solvents.
96/02347 Examination of change in coal gel structure due to solvent swelling by size exclusion chromatography Hayashi, J. I. et al., Energy Fuels, 1995, 9, (6), 1035·1037. An inverse liquid chromatographic technique was applied to evaluating the porous structure of coals. Swollen Morwell coal particles were packed in an inverse liquid chromatography column as the stationary phase, and nhexane or THF was used as the mobile phase.
Brown coal mining In Europe
Maassen, U. Braunkohle Bergbautech., 1995,47, (5), 4·16. (In German) Discusses brown coal mining in the individual states of Europe and its role in energy management.
96/02341
96/02346 Evaluation of interaction between aromatic penetrants and acidic OH groups of solvent-swollen coals by inverse liquid chromatography Hayashi, J. I. et al., Energy Fuels, 1995, 9, (6), 1023-1027. The objective of this study was to clarify the role of Oll-pi interaction in
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
96/02348 Fossil fuel characterization using laser desorption mass spectrometry: Applications and limitations Hunt, J. E. and Winans, R. E. Prepr. Pap. -Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (3), 449·452. Describes how LDMS and MALDI time-of-night instruments are easy to operate, fast, and are suitable for quantitative measurement of molecular weight distributions of certain coal components.
96/02349
The fractal surface structure of coal
Zeng, F. Meitan Zhuanhua, 1995, 18, (2), 7-13. (In Chinese) Discusses the methods for measurement of coal fractal surface.
96/02350 deposits
Geochemistry of germanium In Bulgarian coal
Eskenazy, G. God. Soli. Univ. Sv. Kliment Okhridski, Geol-Georg. Fak., 1995, 86, (I), 175-195. (In Bulgarian) Discusses a study of geochemistry of germanium in 14 Bulgarian coal deposits. The mean germanium content of the deposits varied from 0.3 to 58 ppm in the coal and from 1.5 to 565 ppm in the ash. The Ge contents in the coal lithotypes vitrain and xylain were higher than in the respective whole coal samples.
96/02351 Impact of organic-minerai matter interactions on thermal reaction pathways for coal model compounds Buchanan, A. C. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Arn. Chern. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (3), 560·563. The paper investigates the solid-state chemistry of silica-immobilized phenethyl Ph ethers in the presence of interdispersed silica-aluminas at temperatures relevant to coal processing to gain a better understanding of the impact of related mineral matter on coal pyrolysis and liquefaction mechanisms. The results demonstrate the dramatic effect that silica-alum inas can have in altering the normal thermal reaction pathways for these models of ether linkages in lignin and low rank coals,
96/02352 Importance of the reacting medium in artificial maturation of a coal by confined pyrolysis. 2. Water and polar compounds Mansuy, L. and Landais, P. Energy Fuels, 1995, 9, (5), 809-821. The role of water in the mechanisms of generation of hydrocarbons and the thermal breakdown of kerogen is still controversial. In some cases, the addition of excess water seems to be necessary to properly simulate the maturation of organic matter whereas in other pyrolysis experiments added water is not required to obtain results comparable to the natural maturation of organic matter. In order to understand the role of water in the confined pyrolysis medium and the organic matter-water interactions, a successive pyrolysis-solvent extraction protocol was performed and excess water was added at each pyrolysis step. The results showed that when polar compounds and water coexist in the reacting medium, the solid residue evolves in the same way as that described by a reference series performed in classical confined pyrolysis conditions,
96/02353
In-situ penetrant transport in thin coal sections
Olivares, J. M, and Peppas, N. A. Chern. Eng. Commun. 1995, 132, 91-106. Microscopic studies of in-situ penetrant transport in coals of various crosslinking densities and at various temperatures are described. The penetrant front velocity was determined and correlated to experimental variables.