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Determining EHV transmission line magnetic fields by applying the vector magnetic potential concept
15 Environment (pollution, health protection, safety)
96/03154 A comparative study on radloeaesium (131es) uptake from coniferous forest soli Fawaris, B. H. and Johanson, K. 1. 1. Environ. Radioactivity, 1995,28, (3), 313-326. Studies related to mechanisms that were expected to influence the behaviour, uptake, transfer and sorption processes of fission products within soils of agricultural farming land have received much attention during the last 40 years. In contrast, the dynamic processes that may influence mobility and transfer mechanisms of such fission products in soils of the forest ecosystems have not been studied or understood to such an extent, and require more investigation. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the uptake of 1lJCs by sheep fescue in pot experiments and field plants growinji in coniferous forest soil in order to obtain a better understanding of 1 Cs uptake, and to evaluate the influence of different soil parameters on 1lJCs uptake.
96/03155 Complex registration of flow paths and matter transport from a disposal sIte located In an open-cast mine. Case study Hufelsensee (Germany) Dermitzel, J. et al., Z. Geol. Wiss., 1995,23, (1), 147-162. (In German) The influence of a landfill located in a brown-coal open-cast mine residual pit on groundwater and on the residual lake separated from the landfill by an earth wall was studied by geophysics, isotopic, and chemical measurements. Contaminations were only observed in the Tertiary aquifer, whereas the emission paths from the landfill do not pass through the lake. The investigations are the first step to characterize the behaviour of landfill bodies located below or in the same level of neighbouring aquifers.
96/03156 Compllance or the courts May, C. Energy World, Mar. 1996, (237), 7-10. The article is based on a lecture to the Institute of Energy and the Combustion Engineering Association in lune 1995. The author received the InstiMe's Roscoe Prize for her paper. It examines the implications of current and anticipated environmental legislation for companies within the energy sector.
96/03157 A comprehensive mitigation assessment process (COMAP) for the evaluation of forestry mitigation options Sathaye, 1. et al., Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (5), 345-356, Carbon emissions from land-use change in the tropics contribute significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions, The evaluation of carbon flows from land-use change and the associated socioeconomic impacts are just beginning for the tropical countries, The paper presents a comprehensive mitigation assessment process (COMAP) for the evaluation of forest sector mitigation options,
96/03158 Contaminated land - A discussion of risk, standards and 'trigger values' Watkinson, R. J. Petroleum Review, Jan, 1996, 50, (588), 36-38. In the last two decades there have been some prominent cases where chemical wastes have contaminated sites (Love Canal and Lekkerkerk in The Netherlands). Discusses how these incidents have focused attention on the issue of risks associated with the exposure of humans to polluted soil and the need to protect this environment.
96/03159 Continuous removal of sulfur oxides at ambient temperature, using activated carbon fibers and particulates Fei, Y. et al. Prepr. Pap-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem. 1995, 40, (4), 1051-1055. Discusses the catalytic performance of fibrous and particulate activated carbons obtained from different precursors for S02 removal at ambient temperatures, using a humidified model flue gas.
96/03160 Contrasting geographical distrIbution of mortality from pneumoconiosis and chronic bronchitis and emphysema in BritiSh coal miners Coggon, D. et al., Occup. Environ. Med. 1995, 52, (8), 554-55, To explore whether the characteristics of coal mine dust that predispose to chronic airways obstruction are the same as those associated with pneumoconiosis, mortality from the two diseases was compared in coal miners in 22 counties of England and Wales during 1979-80 and 1982-90. The findings indicate that the pathogenetic mechanisms by which coal mine dust causes chronic bronchitis and emphysema depend on different features of the dust from those producing pneumoconosis. Also, they suggest that current social security regulations in the UK, which requires evidence of pneumoconiosis as a condition of compensation for chronic bronchitis and emphysema in coal miners, may discriminate unfairly against claimants from some regions.
96/03161 ContrIbutIon of power plant firing systems to the solution of dIsposal problems. A technical or public acceptance problem? Abt, K. O. and Hansmann, G. VGB Kraftwerkstech., 1995. 75, (2), 141-144. (In German) Discusses the combustion of waste in coal-fired power plants with respect to German legislation, waste gas purification, technical problems. and public acceptance.
218 Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
96/03162 COPATH- A spreadsheet model for the estimation of carbon flows associated with the use of forest resources Makundi, W, R, et al., Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (5), 369·380, The forest sector plays a key role in the global climate change process, A significant amount of net greenhouse gas emissions emanate from land use changes, and the sector offers a unique opportunity to sequester carbon in vegetation, detritus, soils and forest products, However, the estimates of carbon flows associated with the use of forest resources have been quite imprecise. The paper describes a methodological framework - COPATHwhich is a spreadsheet model for estimating carbon emissions and sequestration from deforestation and harvesting of forests.
96/03163 The cost of cutting carbon emissions - A csse study of Western Europe Krause, F, and Koomey, 1. Energy Convers, Mgmi. Juri-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 973-978. Based on a study of five core EU countries (EU-5 France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, United Kingdom) and extensive sensitivity analyses, it is found that a climate-oriented policy programme could reduce year 2020 EU-5 carbon emissions by as much as 60% below 1985 levels without relying on nuclear power or increased use of natural gas. It is found that a climate-oriented policy programme could lower year 2020 expenditures for energy services by 40-60 billion ECU below the level implied in the business-as-usual projections of the European Commission, Including several economic and environmental double dividends, total annual savings are estimated to be more than 2% of gnp,
96/03164 A decision support system for solvent selection of CO2 separation processes Chan, C. W, and Tontiwachwuthikul, P. Energy Converso Mgmt., JunAug, 1996, 37, (6), 941-946, The paper presents the development of a prototype solvent selection advisory system using an object-oriented methodology. The system is called the Solvent Selection Advisory System and it is used for preliminary selection of optimal solvents for COl absorbers given different user specifications and plant conditions, The system can function as both an advisory and a tutorial system, Also describes the development of the system using the Object-Oriented Knowledge Engineering methodology,
96/03165 Design of cost-effective waste-reduction systems for synthetic fuel piants Warren, A. et aI" J, Environ. Eng. (N. Y), 1995, 121, (10), 742-746. The paper discusses the applicability of the reactive mass-exchange synthesis methodology in designing cost-effective desulphurization systems for synthetic-fuel plants,
96/03166 A detailed kinetic model of the high-temperature pyrolysis of tetrachloroethene Taylor, P, H. et al., Combustion & Flame, Feb. 1996, 104, (3), 260-271. Discusses the comprehensive product yield determinations from the hightemperature, gas-phase pyrolysis of tetrachloroethane using two fused-silica tubular flow reactors.
96/03167 Determining EHV transmission line magnetic fields by applying the vector magnetic potential concept Ahmed, S, S, et al. Electric Power Systems Res" Nov, 1995, 35, (2), 127-132, These days renewed attention is being given to the biological effects of non-ionizing radiations from the power frequency electromagnetic fields of extra-high-voltage (EHV) transmission lines, Prior to fixing limits about the safe levels of human exposure to such radiation, it is essential to determine its field magnitudes, In this paper the concept of vector magnetic potential has been extended for a multiphase multiconductor transmission line and expressions for the flux densities of the resulting magnetic field components have been developed,
96/03168 Development of high efficiency wet limestone gypsum flue gas desulphurizatlon system Kotake, S, et al., EPA·600/R-95-015d, US, Environ. Prot, Agency, Res, (Proc. 1993 S02 Control Symp.) Paper No, 77, 1995, 16 pp. The paper discusses how the construction of coal-fired thermal power generation plants has become increasingly difficult due to their potential impact on the environment. In order to overcome this problem, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd" has developed a high efficiency wet limestone gypsum flue gas desulphurization system which is featured for its high dedusting efficiency, lower electricity consumption, and smaller space requirement.
o-:
96/03169 DIagnostics and operatIonal responses to the envlronmental evaluation of the coal·flred power plant. Evaluation of the Cercs power plant Gomez, R, A. Energia (Madrid), 1995, 21, (2), 83-88, (In Spanish) Describes the purification of flue gases and the closed water cycle used in the Ceres facility near Barcelona, Spain, which prevents pollution while maintaining efficient operation.
96/03154 A comparative study on radloeaesium (131es) uptake from coniferous forest soli Fawaris, B. H. and Johanson, K. 1. 1. Environ. Radioactivity, 1995,28, (3), 313-326. Studies related to mechanisms that were expected to influence the behaviour, uptake, transfer and sorption processes of fission products within soils of agricultural farming land have received much attention during the last 40 years. In contrast, the dynamic processes that may influence mobility and transfer mechanisms of such fission products in soils of the forest ecosystems have not been studied or understood to such an extent, and require more investigation. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the uptake of 1lJCs by sheep fescue in pot experiments and field plants growinji in coniferous forest soil in order to obtain a better understanding of 1 Cs uptake, and to evaluate the influence of different soil parameters on 1lJCs uptake.
96/03155 Complex registration of flow paths and matter transport from a disposal sIte located In an open-cast mine. Case study Hufelsensee (Germany) Dermitzel, J. et al., Z. Geol. Wiss., 1995,23, (1), 147-162. (In German) The influence of a landfill located in a brown-coal open-cast mine residual pit on groundwater and on the residual lake separated from the landfill by an earth wall was studied by geophysics, isotopic, and chemical measurements. Contaminations were only observed in the Tertiary aquifer, whereas the emission paths from the landfill do not pass through the lake. The investigations are the first step to characterize the behaviour of landfill bodies located below or in the same level of neighbouring aquifers.
96/03156 Compllance or the courts May, C. Energy World, Mar. 1996, (237), 7-10. The article is based on a lecture to the Institute of Energy and the Combustion Engineering Association in lune 1995. The author received the InstiMe's Roscoe Prize for her paper. It examines the implications of current and anticipated environmental legislation for companies within the energy sector.
96/03157 A comprehensive mitigation assessment process (COMAP) for the evaluation of forestry mitigation options Sathaye, 1. et al., Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (5), 345-356, Carbon emissions from land-use change in the tropics contribute significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions, The evaluation of carbon flows from land-use change and the associated socioeconomic impacts are just beginning for the tropical countries, The paper presents a comprehensive mitigation assessment process (COMAP) for the evaluation of forest sector mitigation options,
96/03158 Contaminated land - A discussion of risk, standards and 'trigger values' Watkinson, R. J. Petroleum Review, Jan, 1996, 50, (588), 36-38. In the last two decades there have been some prominent cases where chemical wastes have contaminated sites (Love Canal and Lekkerkerk in The Netherlands). Discusses how these incidents have focused attention on the issue of risks associated with the exposure of humans to polluted soil and the need to protect this environment.
96/03159 Continuous removal of sulfur oxides at ambient temperature, using activated carbon fibers and particulates Fei, Y. et al. Prepr. Pap-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem. 1995, 40, (4), 1051-1055. Discusses the catalytic performance of fibrous and particulate activated carbons obtained from different precursors for S02 removal at ambient temperatures, using a humidified model flue gas.
96/03160 Contrasting geographical distrIbution of mortality from pneumoconiosis and chronic bronchitis and emphysema in BritiSh coal miners Coggon, D. et al., Occup. Environ. Med. 1995, 52, (8), 554-55, To explore whether the characteristics of coal mine dust that predispose to chronic airways obstruction are the same as those associated with pneumoconiosis, mortality from the two diseases was compared in coal miners in 22 counties of England and Wales during 1979-80 and 1982-90. The findings indicate that the pathogenetic mechanisms by which coal mine dust causes chronic bronchitis and emphysema depend on different features of the dust from those producing pneumoconosis. Also, they suggest that current social security regulations in the UK, which requires evidence of pneumoconiosis as a condition of compensation for chronic bronchitis and emphysema in coal miners, may discriminate unfairly against claimants from some regions.
96/03161 ContrIbutIon of power plant firing systems to the solution of dIsposal problems. A technical or public acceptance problem? Abt, K. O. and Hansmann, G. VGB Kraftwerkstech., 1995. 75, (2), 141-144. (In German) Discusses the combustion of waste in coal-fired power plants with respect to German legislation, waste gas purification, technical problems. and public acceptance.
218 Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
96/03162 COPATH- A spreadsheet model for the estimation of carbon flows associated with the use of forest resources Makundi, W, R, et al., Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (5), 369·380, The forest sector plays a key role in the global climate change process, A significant amount of net greenhouse gas emissions emanate from land use changes, and the sector offers a unique opportunity to sequester carbon in vegetation, detritus, soils and forest products, However, the estimates of carbon flows associated with the use of forest resources have been quite imprecise. The paper describes a methodological framework - COPATHwhich is a spreadsheet model for estimating carbon emissions and sequestration from deforestation and harvesting of forests.
96/03163 The cost of cutting carbon emissions - A csse study of Western Europe Krause, F, and Koomey, 1. Energy Convers, Mgmi. Juri-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 973-978. Based on a study of five core EU countries (EU-5 France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, United Kingdom) and extensive sensitivity analyses, it is found that a climate-oriented policy programme could reduce year 2020 EU-5 carbon emissions by as much as 60% below 1985 levels without relying on nuclear power or increased use of natural gas. It is found that a climate-oriented policy programme could lower year 2020 expenditures for energy services by 40-60 billion ECU below the level implied in the business-as-usual projections of the European Commission, Including several economic and environmental double dividends, total annual savings are estimated to be more than 2% of gnp,
96/03164 A decision support system for solvent selection of CO2 separation processes Chan, C. W, and Tontiwachwuthikul, P. Energy Converso Mgmt., JunAug, 1996, 37, (6), 941-946, The paper presents the development of a prototype solvent selection advisory system using an object-oriented methodology. The system is called the Solvent Selection Advisory System and it is used for preliminary selection of optimal solvents for COl absorbers given different user specifications and plant conditions, The system can function as both an advisory and a tutorial system, Also describes the development of the system using the Object-Oriented Knowledge Engineering methodology,
96/03165 Design of cost-effective waste-reduction systems for synthetic fuel piants Warren, A. et aI" J, Environ. Eng. (N. Y), 1995, 121, (10), 742-746. The paper discusses the applicability of the reactive mass-exchange synthesis methodology in designing cost-effective desulphurization systems for synthetic-fuel plants,
96/03166 A detailed kinetic model of the high-temperature pyrolysis of tetrachloroethene Taylor, P, H. et al., Combustion & Flame, Feb. 1996, 104, (3), 260-271. Discusses the comprehensive product yield determinations from the hightemperature, gas-phase pyrolysis of tetrachloroethane using two fused-silica tubular flow reactors.
96/03167 Determining EHV transmission line magnetic fields by applying the vector magnetic potential concept Ahmed, S, S, et al. Electric Power Systems Res" Nov, 1995, 35, (2), 127-132, These days renewed attention is being given to the biological effects of non-ionizing radiations from the power frequency electromagnetic fields of extra-high-voltage (EHV) transmission lines, Prior to fixing limits about the safe levels of human exposure to such radiation, it is essential to determine its field magnitudes, In this paper the concept of vector magnetic potential has been extended for a multiphase multiconductor transmission line and expressions for the flux densities of the resulting magnetic field components have been developed,
96/03168 Development of high efficiency wet limestone gypsum flue gas desulphurizatlon system Kotake, S, et al., EPA·600/R-95-015d, US, Environ. Prot, Agency, Res, (Proc. 1993 S02 Control Symp.) Paper No, 77, 1995, 16 pp. The paper discusses how the construction of coal-fired thermal power generation plants has become increasingly difficult due to their potential impact on the environment. In order to overcome this problem, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd" has developed a high efficiency wet limestone gypsum flue gas desulphurization system which is featured for its high dedusting efficiency, lower electricity consumption, and smaller space requirement.
o-:
96/03169 DIagnostics and operatIonal responses to the envlronmental evaluation of the coal·flred power plant. Evaluation of the Cercs power plant Gomez, R, A. Energia (Madrid), 1995, 21, (2), 83-88, (In Spanish) Describes the purification of flue gases and the closed water cycle used in the Ceres facility near Barcelona, Spain, which prevents pollution while maintaining efficient operation.